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"Kredit macet yang terjadi pada Bank BUMN sering sekali termasuk ke dalam kasus korupsi karena dianggap menyebabkan kerugian negara. Namun apakah kredit macet pada Bank BUMN masih termasuk ke dalam kerugian Negara setelah adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 77/PUU-IX/2011 dan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 62/PUU-XI/2013. Penelitian yang menggunakan metode yuridis normative ini mengungkapkan bahwa telah terjadi inkonsistensi dalam penentuan kerugian negara pada BUMN khususnya dalam kasus kredit macet pada Bank BUMN di mana seharusnya setelah Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 77/PUU-IX/2011 penyelesaian utang piutang BUMN diserahkan kepada Bank BUMN tersebut sehingga kredit macet pada Bank BUMN bukanlah termasuk kerugian Negara. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 62/PUU-XI/2013 tidak menggunakan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 77/PUU-IX/2011 sebagai yurisprudensi sehingga mengakibatkan inkonsistensi dalam penentuan kerugian negara karena adanya dualisme hukum dalam pengertian keuangan negara.......Non performing loan on the state-owned enterprise banks often included in corruption case because it is considered a state loss. However, the non performing loans (NPLs) in the state-owned enterprise (BUMN) banks is still counted as losses of the state after the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 77/PUU-IX/2011 and Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 62/PUU-XI/2013. The research using normative juridical method reveals that there has been inconsistency in determining state losses in BUMN, especially in the case of NPLs. It argues that after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 77/PUU-IX/2011, debt settlement of state-owned receivables is handed over to the BUMN. Thus, NPLs of the BUMN Banks are not counted as loss of the state. However, the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 62/PUU-XI/2013 does not use the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 77/PUU-IX/2011 as jurisprudence. This leads to inconsistency in the determination of state losses due to the existence of legal dualism in the definition of state finances."

"Jaminan Perorangan yang diberikan oleh pihak ketiga yang bertindak sebagai penanggung/penjamin debitur dalam pelunasan utang debitur merupakan salah satu alternatif penyelesaian kredit macet pada Bank Badan Usaha Milik Negara, manakala debitur ingkar janji (wanprestasi). Perjanjian perorangan/penanggungan tersebut bersifat asesor, dalam arti senantiasa dikaitkan dengan perjanjian pokok, sehingga dapat diartikan bahwa tak akan ada penanggungan tanpa adanya perutangan pokok yang sah. Pada Bank Badan Usaha Milik Negara sebelum dikeluarkannya PP Nomor 14 tahun 2005 tentang Cara Pengapusan Piutang Negara / Daerah, yang kemudian diubah dengan PP Nomor 33 tahun 2006 tentang Perubahan atas PP Nomor 14 tahun 2005, yang berwenang untuk menyelesaikan kredit macet adalah Panitia Urusan Piutang Negara berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 49 Prp tahun 1960 tentang Panitia Urusan Piutang Negara (Undang-undang PUPN). Tindakan eksekusi terhadap jaminan perorangan oleh PUPN merupakan upaya terakhir untuk dilakukan, setelah dilakukan terlebih dahulu upaya penyitaan terhadap barang jaminan dan harta kekayaan debitur yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan tindakan pelelangan. Apabila dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi jaminan perorangan, ternyata penanggung utang tidak beritikad baik untuk menyelesaikan kewajibannya secara sukarela atau menyerahkan harta kekayaannya, maka PUPN akan melakukan hal-hal sebagai berikut : a. Pencarian dan pemeriksaan (investigasi) terhadap kekayaan penanggung utang yang dapat digunakan untuk membayar utang, baik berupa barang tetap seperti tanah dan bangunan dan atau barang bergerak seperti kendaraan bermotor, tagihan/tabungan dan lain-lai; b. Pencarian data/dokumen (bukti kepemilikan) atas harta kekayaan penanggung utang melalui instansi/lembaga yang terkait, untuk digunakan sebagai pendukung dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi.

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An individual guarantee provided by a third party acting as a debt guarantor/avalist in settling debtor?s debt constitute an alternative settlement for bad debts with State Owned Corporations, in case of defalt by debtor. Said individual guarantee is of the assessor type, meaning it is continually linked to a principal agreement, with the consequence that it can be defined as having no guarantee without an existing legal principal debt. The previously issued Government Regulation Number 14 years 2005 at the State Owned Corporation regarding the Writing Off Process of State/Regional Claims, which was further amended by Government Regulation Number 33 year 2006 regarding the Amendment of Government Regulation Number 14 year 2005, appointing the State Claims Affairs Committee (PUPN) as the authorized party to settle bad credits based on Law Number 49 Prp year 1960 regarding State Claims Affairs Committee (PUPN Law). Execution measure against individual guarantee by the PUPN will be effected as the last resort by the PUPN, after prior confiscation of the debtor?s collateral and assets which is further followed by its auctioning off. If during the execution of the individual guarantee, there is an indication that guarantor has no intention of a voluntary settlement of the liability or to surrender his/her assets, the PUPN shall resort to the following actions : a. investigation and examination of the guarantor?s assets that can be employed as debt payment, either consisting of fixed goods such as land and buildings or movable goods such as motorized vehicles, collections/savings and others; b. Finding data/documents (proof of ownership of guarantor/s assets through related instances/institutions to support the execution."

"Pada lembaga keuangan perbankan, kredit macet merupakan persoalan serius. Salah satu upaya bank untuk menanggulangi kredit macet tersebut dengan melakukan penyelesaian secara damai berdasarkan kesepakatan antara bank dengan debitor yang masih mempunyai itikad baik dalam menyelesaikan pinjamannya, Alternatif penyelesaian kredit macet secara paksa dapat dilakukan dengan jalan menyerahkan piutang¬piutang negara tersebut kepada Pengadilan negeri untuk dimintakan upaya eksekusi atas objek jaminan kredit atau menyerahkan permasalahan kredit melalui lelang oleh DJKN. Lelang eksekusi Hak Tanggungan yang dimintakan oleh pemegangnya sangat jarang terjadi, hal ini karena terkadang sulitnya proses pengosongan objek lelang serta keengganan dari pemohon lelang untuk membuat surat pernyataan bersedia bertanggung jawab apabila timbul gugatan,yang sering menjadi permasalahan adalah jika objek lelang ternyata adalah milik pihak ke tiga sehingga objek tidak dapat dilakukan lelang eksekusi.Tesis ini membahas tentang alternatif penyelesaian kredit maces melalui eksekusi objek Hak Tanggungan di Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara dengan studi kasus di Kantor Wilayah V DJKN Bandar Lampung. Penulis berkesimpulan bahwa penyelesaian kredit macet melalui eksekusi objek jaminan kredit di Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara telah banyak membantu dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan kredit macet. Hal ini dikarenakan penyelesaian masalah kredit maces melalui lelang lebih cepat dan efektif.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kepustakaan bersifat yuridis normatif dengan cara mempelajari berbagai literatur dan peraturan perundangan yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini, hasil penelitian dituangkan dalam simpulan berbentuk Deskriptif Analistis dengan harapan dapat menjadi rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan minat masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan jasa lelang dalam menyelesaikan masalah kredit macet serta meningkatkan kinerja Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara khususnya di Kantor Wilayah V Bandar Lampung untuk lebih meningkatkan pelayanan pada masyarakat dibidang lelang.......In certain banking financial institutions, non-performing loans or bad debts are considered to be a serious banking problem. This is because the banks are facing fresh capital difficulties due to the continuing scarce of capital. That is the reason why the non-performing loans are to be dealt with effectively, so that banking operations would not be in jeopardy. One way for banks to deal with this problem is through negotiated settlement that is a credit settlement based on agreement between the Bank and the debtor who is still having good faith in settling its loans. On the other hand, a forced settlement to the bad debts still can be done through the submission of the State receivables to the local District Court in order to apply to the Court to execute the credit security object. It can also be done alternatively through the auction of the object by the Directorate General of State Wealth. The execution through the auction of fiduciary rights is in fact seldom happen. This is because wide spread perception in the society that bad debt settlement through fiduciary rights auction is so bureaucratic and a difficult process. In most cases, the object to be auctioned is difficult to be freed from a third party physical control, especially when it is jointly owned by the third party. In this case, the realization of the auction is very much problematic. In other cases, the applicant of the auction is generally not willing to make statutory declaration that he or she be responsible should there be a law suit on this matter in the Court.This thesis will try to analyze alternative settlement of non-performing loans (bad debts) through the execution of credit security object (fiduciary rights) held by the Dir.Gen. of State Wealth (a case study at the Regional Office V of the DGSW in Bandar Lampung).The Author concludes that the settlement of bad debts through the execution of credit security object is in reality a good way in settling the non-performing loans. This is due to the fact, that this kind of settlement is generally faster and effective. Auction document is legally an authentic act and in the same time can be used as a legal basis for the transfer of land rights or the change of owners name.This thesis applies library research method, with juridical and normative approach to the literature and relevant legal documents. The research is reported in the form of evaluative findings and analytical conclusions. It is hoped that this study would serve as a practical recommendation for the public in settling bad debts through the auction of credit security object held by Dir. Gen. of State Wealth. At the same time, it is also hoped that this would enhance the working performance of Dir. Gen. of State Wealth in general."