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"[ABSTRAKPM2,5 dapat masuk ke alveoli dan menjadi pemicu terjadinya inflamasi sehingga menyebabkan penurunan fungsi paru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis secara spasial hubungan antara konsentrasi PM2,5 udara dalam rumah dengan penurunan fungsi paru pada ibu rumah tangga sekitar industri Desa Sukadanau, Kecamatan Cikarang Barat, Kabupaten Bekasi tahun 2015. Desain penelitian cross sectional modifikasi geographical epidemiology pada 125 ibu rumah tangga berusia 20-45 tahun yang akan diperiksa fungsi parunyamenggunakan spirometri serta 125 sampel PM2,5 udara dalam rumah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 58,4% ibu rumah tangga yang mengalami penurunan fungsi paru. Hasil analisis multivariat dapat disimpulkan bahwa ibu rumah tangga berusia 20-45 tahun yang tinggal di rumah dengan konsentrasi PM2,5 tidak memenuhi syarat berisiko 2,4 kali lebih besar mengalami penurunan fungsi paru dibandingkan ibu rumah tangga yang tinggal di dalam rumah dengankonsentrasi PM2,5 memenuhi syarat setelah dikontrol variabel ventilasi dan pajanan asap rokok. Analisis spasial menunjukkan RW 5 dan RW 8 Desa Sukadanau, Kecamatan Cikarang Barat merupakan wilayah RW dengan zona prioritas untuk dilakukan intervensi kesehatan.

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ABSTRACTFine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lung and may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this study was to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung function levels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design study combine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysis were 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were 58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded that housewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4 times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles after controlled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concluded that RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with very high risk area.;Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lungand may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this studywas to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung functionlevels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design studycombine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysiswere 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded thathousewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles aftercontrolled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concludedthat RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with veryhigh risk area.;Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lungand may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this studywas to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung functionlevels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design studycombine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysiswere 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded thathousewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles aftercontrolled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concludedthat RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with veryhigh risk area.;Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lungand may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this studywas to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung functionlevels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design studycombine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysiswere 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded thathousewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles aftercontrolled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concludedthat RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with veryhigh risk area., Fine particles more dangerous because they penetrate more deeply into the lungand may reach the alveolar region and reduce lung function. The aim of this studywas to analys spatially association between indoor fine particles and lung functionlevels among housewife around steel industry. A cross sectional design studycombine with geographical epidemiology of 125 houses that the unit analysiswere 125 housewives from 20 to 45 years. The results showed that there were58,4% housewives had decline lung function. Multivariate analysis concluded thathousewives aged 20-45 years with indoor fine particles (PM2,5) inadequate 2.4times risk higher to reduced lung function than adequate indoor fine particles aftercontrolled by ventilation and tobacco smoke exposure. Spatial analysis concludedthat RW 5 and RW 8 Sukadanau, West Cikarang were in priority zone with veryhigh risk area.]"

"Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Penerbang bekerja di lingkungan ketinggian yang terpajan gaya G dan seiring peningkatan gaya Gz akan berbanding lurus dengan penurunan curah jantung dan oksigenasi otak hal ini akibat perubahan pertukaran gas di paru dalam kondisi hipergravitasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kapasitas difusi paru pada penerbang pesawat tempur serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang yang dilaksanakan bulan Februari 2019 di Madiun dilakukan pada subjek laki-laki di instansi X Madiun. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 44 orang dipilih secara total sampling. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengisi kuesioner data dasar, jam terbang dan lama berolahraga. Dilakukan pengukuran spirometri dan DLCO dengan menggunakan alat penggukur spirometri dan DLCO portable (Easyone TM Pro Lab). Hasil: Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil sebagian besar peserta (93,2%) memiliki nilai spirometri yang normal hanya 3 peserta (6,8%) mengalami kelainan obstruksi dan tidak didapatkan kelainan restriksi sama sekali dengan nilai rerata VEP1 prediksi 103,3±10,60 % dan nilai median VEP1/KVP 84,5% dengan nilai minimum 63,5% dan nilai maksimum 92,5%. Pada nilai uji DLCO diperoleh hasil sebagian besar peserta (93,2%) memiliki nilai yang normal dan terdapat nilai DLCO mengalami penurunan ringan pada 3 peserta (6,8%) pada kelompok perokok. Kesimpulan: Nilai kapasitas difusi paru dan pemeriksaan spirometri pada penerbang secara umum normal terdapat sebagian kecil yang mengalami penurunan ringan namun tidak mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna antara parameter DLCO dengan usia, IMT, jam terbang tempur, total jam terbang, menit olahraga dalam sepekan serta indeks Brinkman dan nilai parameter spirometri.

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Background: Pilot works in the high environment that exposed by G force. Increasing G force led to linear decreases in cardiac output and blood oxygenation of the brain. Thus, likely due to decreased lung gas exchange capacity in hypergravity. This study aims to investigate the pulmonary diffusing capacity test among Fighter pilots in Madiun.

Methods: This study used cross sectional method conducted on February 2019 in Madiun. The total subjects consist of 44 Fighter pilots based on total sampling. Interview was done to fill out question about sociodemografic and smoking habit, flight hour data and physical fitness. Lung function measurement was done using portable spirometry and DLCO equipment (Easyone TM Pro Lab).

Result: Spirometri result was found in the standard normal range in 41 subjects (93,2%) only 3 subject (6,8%) get obstruction abnormalities and none of them get restriction result. Average VEP1 prediction was 103,3±10,60 % and median range for VEP1/KVP was 84,5(63,5-92,5) %. Lung diffusion capacity measurement was found to be normal in 41 subject (93,2%) and to be deficient in 3 subject (6,8%) in smoker.

Conclusion: This study demosntrated that diffusion capacity and spirometry test in Fighter pilots generally in normal range. Lung diffusion capacity has no association with age, BMI, flight hour, physical fitness, Brinkman index and spirometry parameters."

"Latar belakang: Stasiun pengisian bahan bakar umum SPBU semakin banyak didirikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bensin kendaraan bermotor yang semakin meningkat. Petugas SPBU merupakan profesi yang memiliki risiko tinggi terpajan oleh polutan berbahaya yang berasal dari emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor dan uap bensin terutama saat melakukan pengisian bensin. Kombinasi pajanan gas buang kendaraan dan uap bensin ini diduga berperan terhadap penurunan faal paru. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di SPBU wilayah Jakarta Pusat dan Utara pada bulan Agustus 2017-Februari 2018. Sebanyak 97 petugas SPBU diambil pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Subjek penelitian tersebut mengikuti wawancara dengan kuisioner, pemeriksaan spirometri dan foto toraks. Pengukuran kadar sulfur dioksida SO2 , nitrogen dioksida NO2 , karbonmonoksida CO , ozon O3 , particulate matter 2,5 PM 2,5 dan uap bensin benzene dilakukan di lokasi penelitian. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hasil spirometri normal pada 56,7 subjek, kelainan berupa restriksi sebanyak 42,3 subjek, obstruksi pada 1 subjek dan tidak ada yang mengalami kelainan campuran restriksi dan obstruksi. Sebagian besar subjek 84,6 tidak mengalami keluhan respirasi, sebanyak 10,3 subjek mengalami batuk kering dan 5,1 subjek mengeluh batuk berdahak. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara arus puncak ekspirasi APE dengan masa kerja dengan nilai p 0,011 namun tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan parameter kapasitas vital paksa KVP , KVP, volume ekspirasi paksa pada detik pertama VEP1 , VEP1 dan rasio VEP1/KVP. Kesimpulan: Prevalens kelainan faal paru petugas SPBU pada penelitian ini sebesar 43,3 dan keluhan respirasi pada 15,4 subjek. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut secara kohort mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi faal paru pada petugas SPBU.

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Background: To satisfy growing needs of petrol consumption in big city many new petrol stations has been built. Petrol station attendant is considered to have high risk exposure to dangerous pollutant from motor vehicle emission and petrol fumes, especially while filling up petrol tanks. Combination of those exhaust and petrol fumes is suspected to cause the reduction of lung function.

Methods: This research is a cross sectional study done in petrol station in Central Jakarta and North Jakarta region between August 2017 and February 2018. A total of 97 petrol station attendants were taken in this research using consecutive sampling technique. The subjects were interviewed with questionnaires, spirometry and chest radiograph. Measurements of sulfur dioxide SO2 , nitrogen dioxide NO2 , carbon monoxide CO , ozone O3 , particulate matter 2,5 PM 2,5 and steam gasoline benzene concentrations were performed at the study sites.

Results: In this study, normal spirometry results in 56.7 of subjects, abnormalities in the form of restriction in 42.3 of subjects, obstruction in 1 of subjects and none of which experienced mixed disorders of restriction and obstruction. Most subjects 84.6 did not experience respiratory complaints, as many as 10.3 of subjects had a dry cough and 5.1 of subjects complained of cough with phlegm. There was a statistically significant association between peak expiratory flow and duration of work with a p value of 0.011 but no significant association with other parameters such as forced vital capacity FVC , FVC, forced expiratory volume in the first second FEV1 , FEV1 and the ratio of FEV1/FVC.

Conclusion: Prevalence of lung function abnormalities of petrol station attendant in this research is 43,3 and respiratory symptoms at 15,4 subject. Further cohort studies are needed on factors affecting lung function in gas station personnel."

"Tenaga kerja sebagai sumber daya manusia perlu diperhatikan terutama dari segi kesehatan terhadap risiko dan bahaya pekerjaan. Pengolahan kapur telah berkembang selama puluhan dekade baik dengan cara pembakaran maupun penggilingan.Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu untuk mengetahui prevalensi gangguan fungsi paru dan hubungan faktor-faktor risiko dengan gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja industri kapur. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode observasi dan pendekatan studi potong-lintang. Jumlah sampel yang diperoleh, yaitu 44 orang. Variabel independen diukur melalui wawancara dan pengisian kuesioner, serta pemeriksaan fisik secara umum untuk mengetahui riwayat penyakit. Variabel dependen diukut dengan pemeriksaan uji spirometri. Analisis data dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor-faktor risiko dengan gangguan fungsi paru, seperti umur, kebiasaan merokok, riwayat penyakit, lama kerja, dan penggunaan APD.Hasil penelitian diketahui prevalensi gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja sbesar 36,4% dan tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan antara faktor-faktor risiko dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Pekerja dengan riwayat penyakit diharapkan mendapatkan pengobatan dan seluruh pekerja agar dapat memeriksakan kesehatannya secara rutin. ......Workers as human resources need to be paid attention, especially their health status related to the hazard and risk of working. Limestone manufacture has been burgeoning in decades whether by way of combustion or hulling.The purpose of this research was to find out the prevalence of lung function disorder and the association between the risk factors and lung function disorder in the lime worker industry. This research was an observational method using cross-sectional study approach. The sample size was 44 people. Independent variable was measured by interviewing and filling the questioner, also general physical diagnose to find out the history of diseases. Dependent variable was measured by doing the spirometry test. Data analysis was done to find out the association between the risk factors and the lung function disorder, such as age, smoking habit, history of diseases, year of working, and using the personal protective equipment.The result found out the prevalence of lung function disorder, 36,4% and there were no association between the risk factors with the lung function disorder. Workers who have the diseases need to get the medical treatment and all of the workers have to be examined their health."

"Latar Belakang: Petani sawit seringkali terpajan dengan berbagai macam polusi berupa debu dari pupuk dan pajanan pestisida.Pestisida yang paling sering digunakan adalah organofosfat (OP) dan insektisida karbamat (34%). Tingkat kejadian penyakit pernapasan yang berhubungan dengan pestisida di tempat kerja sebesar 1,17 per 100.000 penuh waktu pekerja setara (FTEs).Tujuan: Menilai faalparu dan kadar kolinesterse serum padapetani sawit di Kuantan Singingi, Propinsi Riau.Metode: Penelitian cross sectional pada petani sawit di Kuantan Singingi, Propinsi Riau  bulan Agustus 2018. Sampel diambil dengan teknik cluster sampling. Variabel yang dinilai adalah karakteristik sosiodemografik, klinis, spirometri dan serum kolinesterase. Analisis data menggunakan program SPSS 20.0 dengan hasil dinyatakan berbeda bermakna bila p<0,05.Hasil: Didapatkan 116 subjek penelitian dengan rerata usia 34,5±8 tahun, berjenis kelamin perempuan (87,1%), tingkat pendidikan terakhir SD (59,5%), tidak merokok (89,7%), dan masa kerja >2 tahun (84,5%). Indeks Massa Tubuh median 24,5 Kg/m² (16,85 – 44,44 Kg/m²) dan rerata kolinesterase serum 8,1±1,5 kU/L. Hasil spirometri menunjukkan kelainan restrikif pada 21,6% dan obstruktif pada 0,9% subjek penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat  hubungan antara lama pajanan (p=0,035) dengan kelainan faal paru. Analisis korelatif antara lama masa kerja dengan KVP (r_s=-0,205; p=0,027), VEP₁ (r_s=-0,235; p=0,011) dan VEP₁/KVP (r_s=-0,234; p=0,011).Kesimpulan: Rerata kolinesterase serum petani sawit di Kabupaten Singingi, Propinsi Riau sebesar 8,1±1,5 kU/L dan terdapat hubungan antara lama pajanan pestisida dengan kelainan faal paru.

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Background: Palm oil farmers are in risk to be exposed to various kinds of pollution, pesticide and fertilizer. Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate 34% insecticidesare the common pesticides used in palm oil farms. The incidence rate of pesticide-related respiratory diseases at work is 1.17 per 100.000 full-time equivalent workers (FTEs).This studyaims to characterize lung function and serum cholinesterase levels of palm oil farmers in Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau, Indonesia.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved oil palm farmers in the study location on August 2018 by cluster sampling design. Sociodemographic, clinical, spirometry and serum cholinesterase level characteristics were observed and statistically analyzed.Results: The study involved 116 subjects with mean age of 34.5±8 y.owhich predominated by females (87.1%), elementary school degrees (59.5%), non-smokers (89.7%) and workers with working period >2 years (84.5%). Mean body mass index was 24.5kg/m² (16.85–44.44 Kg/m²) and mean serum cholinesterase was 8.1±1.5kU/L. Spirometric examination showed restrictive (21.6%) and obstructive (0.9%) lung function. There was a significant correlation between length of working period and FVC (r=-0.205; p=0.027), VEP₁ (r=-0.235; p=0.011) and VEP₁/FVC (r=-0.234; p=0.011). There was no significant difference of serum cholinesterase level between abnormal lung function groups (p> 0.05).Conclusions: The mean serum cholinesterase of palm oil farmers was 8.1±1.5kU/L. The study showed there wascorrelation between the duration of exposure to pesticides and lung function abnormalities."

"Debu batu kapur dihasilkan oleh kegiatan penambangan batu kapur, salah satunya adalah PM2,5. Paparan PM2,5 dapat menyebabkan penurunan fungsi paru-paru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan hubungan keterkaitan PM2,5 dengan penurunan fungsi paru pada pekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross-sectional dengan teknik total sampling 30 pekerja. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner untuk wawancara, Dusttrak II TSI untuk mengukur konsentrasi PM2.5 dan spirometri untuk mengukur fungsi paru-paru. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, nilai konsentrasi PM2.5 tertinggi adalah 987 μg / m3 dan terendah 14 μg / m3. Hasil analisis menggunakan Chi-square diperoleh korelasi antara penggunaan alat pelindung diri dengan gangguan fungsi paru-paru (p = 0,000). Selanjutnya, hasil menggunakan uji eksak Fisher, ada korelasi antara konsentrasi PM2,5 dan penurunan fungsi paru (p = 0,002) dan tahun kerja dengan penurunan fungsi paru (p = 0,000). Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan untuk memperkirakan berdasarkan asupan. ......Limestone dust is produced by limestone mining activities, one of which is PM2,5. Exposure to PM2,5 can cause a decrease in lung function. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of PM2.5 linkages with decreased lung function in workers. This study uses a cross-sectional study with a total sampling technique of 30 workers. The instruments in this study used questionnaires for interviews, Dusttrak II TSI to measure PM2.5 concentrations and spirometry to measure lung function. Based on the results of the study, the highest PM2.5 concentration values ​​were 987 μg / m3 and the lowest was 14 μg / m3. The results of the analysis using Chi-square obtained a correlation between the use of personal protective equipment with impaired lung function (p = 0,000). Furthermore, the results using Fisher's exact test, there is a correlation between PM2.5 concentration and decreased lung function (p = 0.002) and years of work with decreased lung function (p = 0,000). Further research is needed by using environmental health risk analysis to estimate based on intake."

"Tesis ini membahas pengaruh pajanan polusi udara dan karakteristik individu terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pada 45 polisi lalu lintas lapangan dan polisi bagian administrasi dan SIM. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan desain studi crossectional dan analisis bivariat Chi Square. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh penugasan kerja (OR=1,63), umur (OR=1,83), status gizi (OR=2,29), lama kerja seminggu (OR=9,20), riwayat penyakit (OR=2,50), kebiasaan merokok (OR=1,29) dan penggunaan APD (OR=1,83) terhadap gangguan fungsi paru pada polisi. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa perlu adanya pemeriksaan spirometri secara berkala, peningkatan program penyelenggaraan alat pelindung diri, pengontrolan berat badan, dan upaya promosi serta preventif kesehatan. ......This thesis discusses the effects of air pollution exposure and individual characteristics of the pulmonary function impairment in 45 field traffic police and administration police and SIM. This quantitative study used crossectional study design and bivariat analysis Chi Square. This study shows the effect of job assignment (OR = 1,63), age (OR = 1,83), nutritional status (OR = 2,29), long working week (OR = 9,20), disease history (OR = 2,50), smoking (OR = 1,93) and use of PPE (OR = 1,29) on pulmonary function impairment in the police. The results of the study suggest the need of regular spirometry screening, improved implementation of PPE program, weight control, and health promotion and prevention."

"Gangguan fungsi paru merupakan kumpulan penyakit paru-paru yang masih menjadi permasalahan di tempat kerja. Salah satu tempat kerja dengan risiko tersebut adalah tambang batubara. Debu batubara yang merupakan objek bisnis dapat menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya gangguan fungsi paru. Tidak semua pekerja tambang batubara yang terpajan debu batubara akan mengalami penyakit gangguan fungsi paru. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah faktor risiko individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi literatur berkaitan dengan hubungan faktor risiko individu yang dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya penyakit gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja tambang batubara di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi tinjauan literatur sistematis sederhana dengan menggunakan artikel jurnal yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2012 hingga tahun 2021. Didapatkan 6 literatur yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara umur, perilaku merokok, dan penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) terhadap kejadian gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja tambang batubara. Status gizi tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan, tetapi dapat menjadi faktor risiko kejadian penyakit.......Lung function disorders are a collection of lung diseases that workplaces have to face as health problems. Coal mining is one of the workplaces where lung diseases can occur. Coal dust is a risk factor for lung function disorders due to dust exposure. Not all coal mine workers who are exposed to coal dust suffer from lung function disorders. This condition is influenced by several factors, one of which is individual risk factors. This study aims to identify literature related to the association between individual risk factors that can influence the occurrence of lung function disorders in coal mine workers in Indonesia. This research used a simple systematic literature review methodology using journal articles published between 2012 and 2021. Six articles were found to meet the research inclusion criteria. The results of this study show that there is a significant association between age, smoking behavior, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the incidence of lung function disorders in coal mine workers. Nutritional status does not have a significant association, but it can be a risk factor for disease to develop."