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"ABSTRAKSom Kung, locally known as wild grape, belongs to the Vitaceae family and its scientific name is Ampelocissus martini. Its leaf, root and bark are used in traditional Thai medicine for providing relief of symptoms. In this work we studied the phytochemical and antioxidant activities of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol crude extracts of vines and rhizomes of Ampelocissus martini. Qualitative analysis of the phytochemical screening of the various extracts revealed the presence of terpenoid, flavonoid, saponin, phenolic acid and alkaloid. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were investigated by using Folin-Ciocalteu and colorimetric aluminum chloride assays, respectively. The results showed that the methanolic extract of vines and rhizomes gave significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents than the ethyl acetate and hexane extracts. In addition, the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of both parts had higher antioxidant activities than their hexane extracts. Positive correlation coefficients were observed (r = 0.987) between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and also (r = 0.998) between DPPH and ABTS. The present study provides evidence that solvent extracts of A. martini contain important bioactive compounds, especially the methanol extract, which produced a number of phytochemical compounds. Further study will isolate and identify the active compounds of vines and rhizomes from this solvent."

"Latar belakang: Antioksidan sintetik yang banyak digunakan pada makanan dan minuman kemasan dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan sehingga perlu dikembangkan antioksidan alami yang murah dan aman bagi tubuh. Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) adalah tanaman herbal yang banyak digunakan di Asia Tenggara dan berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak n-heksana, ekstrak etil asetat, dan ekstrak etanol dari kenikir.Metode: Kenikir diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol yang lalu diuji kandungan fitokimia, analisis KLT, dan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH lalu hasilnya dibandingkan.Hasil: Perbandingan hasil ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol adalah 2, 5, dan 6 senyawa pada uji fitokimia, serta 1, 3, dan 3 senyawa pada uji KLT. Nilai IC50 ekstrak etil asetat dan ekstrak etanol terhadap DPPH adalah 137,87 μg/ml dan 63,21 μg/ml, sedangkan nilai IC50 ekstrak n-heksana tidak dapat ditentukan. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada perbedaan aktivitas antioksidan yang signifikan (p < 0,05) antara ekstrak etil asetat dan ekstrak etanol.Kesimpulan: Terdapat efek perbedaan polaritas pelarut pada kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak Cosmos caudatus Kunth. dengan ekstrak etanol memiliki kandungan fitokimia terbanyak dan aktivitas antioksidan terbaik.......Background: Synthetic antioxidants that are widely used in food and beverage packaging cause various health problems, so it is necessary to develop natural antioxidants that are cheaper and safer for the body. Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) is a plant that is widely used in Southeast Asia and has the potential as a source of natural antioxidants. The purpose of this study is to compare the antioxidant activity of n-hexane, ethylacetate and ethanol extracts of C. caudatus.Methods: Kenikir was extracted using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvents which then tested for phytochemical content, TLC analysis, and antioxidant activity using DPPH method then compared the results.Results: Comparison of the results of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts were 2, 5, and 6 compounds in the phytochemical test, and 1, 3, and 3 compounds in the TLC test. The IC50 value of the ethylacetate extract and etanol extract on DPPH were 137.87 μg/ml and 63.21 μg/ml respectively, while the IC50 value of the n-hexane extract could not be determined. Statistical test results showed that there was a significant difference in antioxidant activity (p <0.05) between the ethyl acetate extract and the ethanol extract.Conclusion: Solvent polarity had effect on the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of Cosmos caudatus Kunth. extract with ethanol extract as the most phytochemical content and the highest antioxidant activity."

"Latar belakang: Kanker payudara terjadi cukup tinggi dan merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian di Indonesia dan dunia. Pengobatan untuk kanker yang mahal dan memiliki tingkat keberhasilan yang berbeda-beda dan dapat menyebabkan efek samping kepada pasien sehingga diperlukan pengembangan terapi alternatif untuk pengobatan kanker payudara dengan tanaman herbal yang biayanya terjangkau dan memiliki efek samping minimal, salah satunya kluwak (Pangium edule). Metode: Bubuk kluwak dimaserasi dengan menggunakan tiga jenis pelarut berbeda sehingga diperoleh ekstrak etanol, ekstrak etil asetat, dan ekstrak n-heksana kluwak. Uji fitokimia dan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis dan jumlah komponen fitokimia ekstrak kluwak. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kluwak dilakukan uji dengan metode DPPH dan efek sitotoksisitas terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 diketahui melalui uji MTT. Hasil: Komponen fitokimia yang terkandung di dalam ekstrak kluwak mencakup flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid, dan glikosida. Ekstrak etanol kluwak menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat lemah (IC50 = 26459 µg/ml), sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat dan n-heksana tidak dapat ditentukan aktivitas antioksidannya. Ekstrak etil asetat dan n-heksana kluwak juga memiliki efek sitotoksisitas yang sedang terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 dengan nilai IC50berturut-turut 132,79 µg/ml dan 232,93 µg/ml sedangkan ekstrak etanol memiliki efek sitotoksisitas yang lemah dengan nilai IC50 667,91 µg/ml. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kluwak (Pangium edule) memiliki kandungan senyawa fitokimia dan efek sitotoksisitas terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi salah satu agen terapeutik dalam tatalaksana kanker payudara.......Introduction: Breast cancer occurs quite high and is one of the main causes of death in Indonesia and the world. Current treatment for cancer is expensive and has varying degrees of success and can cause side effects for patients. Kluwak (Pangium edule), whose reseach is still limited has the potential to be used as an alternative treatment for breast cancer. Methods: Kluwak powder was macerated using three different types of solvents to obtain ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract and n-hexane kluwak extract. Phytochemical tests and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were carried out to determine the type and amount of phytochemical components of kluwak extract. The antioxidant activity of kluwak extract was tested using the DPPH method and the cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells was determined using the MTT test. Results: The phytochemical components contained in kluwak extract include flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids and glycosides. The ethanol extract of kluwak showed very weak antioxidant activity (IC50 = 26459 µg/ml), while the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts could not be determined. Ethyl acetate and n-hexane kluwak extracts also had a moderate cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC50 values respectively 132.79 µg/ml and 232.93 µg/ml while the ethanol extract had a weak cytotoxic effect with values IC50 667.91 µg/ml.Conclusion: Kluwak (Pangium edule) extract contains phytochemical compounds and cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, so it has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent in the management of breast cancer."

"Latar belakang: Kanker payudara terjadi cukup tinggi dan merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian di Indonesia dan dunia. Pengobatan untuk kanker yang mahal dan memiliki tingkat keberhasilan yang berbeda-beda dan dapat menyebabkan efek samping kepada pasien sehingga diperlukan pengembangan terapi alternatif untuk pengobatan kanker payudara dengan tanaman herbal yang biayanya terjangkau dan memiliki efek samping minimal, salah satunya kluwak (Pangium edule). Metode: Bubuk kluwak dimaserasi dengan menggunakan tiga jenis pelarut berbeda sehingga diperoleh ekstrak etanol, ekstrak etil asetat, dan ekstrak n-heksana kluwak. Uji fitokimia dan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis dan jumlah komponen fitokimia ekstrak kluwak. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kluwak dilakukan uji dengan metode DPPH dan efek sitotoksisitas terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 diketahui melalui uji MTT. Hasil: Komponen fitokimia yang terkandung di dalam ekstrak kluwak mencakup flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid, dan glikosida. Ekstrak etanol kluwak menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat lemah (IC50 = 26459 µg/ml), sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat dan n-heksana tidak dapat ditentukan aktivitas antioksidannya. Ekstrak etil asetat dan n-heksana kluwak juga memiliki efek sitotoksisitas yang sedang terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 dengan nilai IC50berturut-turut 132,79 µg/ml dan 232,93 µg/ml sedangkan ekstrak etanol memiliki efek sitotoksisitas yang lemah dengan nilai IC50 667,91 µg/ml. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kluwak (Pangium edule) memiliki kandungan senyawa fitokimia dan efek sitotoksisitas terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi salah satu agen terapeutik dalam tatalaksana kanker payudara.......Introduction: Breast cancer occurs quite high and is one of the main causes of death in Indonesia and the world. Current treatment for cancer is expensive and has varying degrees of success and can cause side effects for patients. Kluwak (Pangium edule), whose reseach is still limited has the potential to be used as an alternative treatment for breast cancer. Methods: Kluwak powder was macerated using three different types of solvents to obtain ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract and n-hexane kluwak extract. Phytochemical tests and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were carried out to determine the type and amount of phytochemical components of kluwak extract. The antioxidant activity of kluwak extract was tested using the DPPH method and the cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells was determined using the MTT test. Results: The phytochemical components contained in kluwak extract include flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids and glycosides. The ethanol extract of kluwak showed very weak antioxidant activity (IC50 = 26459 µg/ml), while the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts could not be determined. Ethyl acetate and n-hexane kluwak extracts also had a moderate cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC50 values respectively 132.79 µg/ml and 232.93 µg/ml while the ethanol extract had a weak cytotoxic effect with values IC50 667.91 µg/ml.Conclusion: Kluwak (Pangium edule) extract contains phytochemical compounds and cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, so it has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent in the management of breast cancer."