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Abstrak :
Penderita DM (diabetesi) tidak hanya kalangan lansia tetapi juga sudah banyak diderita oleh kalangan pada usia produktif. Permasalahan terkait dengan perawatan diri sering ditemukan pada diabetesi yang baru saja didiagnosa atau sudah lama didiagnosa DM. Beberapa hambatan yang terjadi pada diabetesi dalam melaksanakan perilaku peraatan diri yaitu keterbatasan dalam pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam penyusunan menu, kekurangan informasi kurangnya aktivitas fisik, kepatuhan terhadap pengobatan yang rendan dan juga dukungan dari keluarga dan lingkungan sekitar yang minim.Pengendalian DM pada diabetesi sangata diperlukan untuk mengurangi komplikasi DM. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut dikembangkan program GEPARI. Tujuan dari program ini adalah meningkatkan perilaku perawatan diri para diabetesi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu studi kasus keluarga dan aggregate dewasa DM menggunakan pendekatan proses keluarga dan komunitas yang melibatkan 10 keluarga dan 34 diabetesi dewasa. Program ini didasarkan pada lima pilar pengendalian DM yaitu edukasi, manajemen nutrisi, aktivitas fisik, pengobatan dan juga pemeriksaan gula darah yang dilaksanakan selama 12 sesi. Evaluasi terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan dan tingkat kemandirian keluarga menggunakan kuesioner sedangkan gula darah sewaktu diukur menggunakan glucometer yang dilaksanakan sebelum dan sesudah pelaksanaan program GEPARI. Hasil implementasi didapatkan hasil bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan (p>0,05), penurunan glukosa darah sewaktu dan peningkatan kemandirian keluarga. Program GEPARI disarankan dapat dilaksanakan dalam pelayanan kesehatan komunitas.  ......People with DM (diabetes) are not only among the elderly but also have suffered by many people of productive age. Problems related to self-care are often found in people with diabetes who have just been diagnosed or have been diagnosed with diabetes for a long time. Some of the obstacles that occur in diabetes in carrying out self-care behavior are limitations in knowledge and skills in preparing menus, lack of information, lack of physical activity, low adherence to medication and also minimal support from family and the surrounding environment. reduce DM complications. Based on these conditions, the GEPARI program was developed. The aim of this program is to improve self-care behavior of diabetics. The method used is a family case study and aggregated adult DM using a family and community process approach involving 10 families and 34 adult diabetes. This program is based on the five pillars of DM control, namely education, nutrition management, physical activity, medication and also blood sugar checks which were carried out for 12 sessions. Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and skills and level of family independence using a questionnaire, while blood sugar is measured using a glucometer which is carried out before and after the implementation of the GEPARI program. The results of the implementation showed that there was an increase in knowledge, attitudes and skills (p>0.05), a decrease in blood glucose and an increase in family independence. The GEPARI program is recommended to be implemented in community health services.

Abstrak :
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease. The most important factors in the development of caries is saliva. Reduced salivary secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to the occurence of caries have yielded controversial results. The aim of the study was to find out whether the risk factors of the saliva, i.e. saliva secretion rate, buffer capacity, salivary S. mutans, salivary Lactobacilli, alone or in combination could be used for prediction of caries activity. Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and age range 46-73 participated. Diabetic status was determined by fasting plasma glucose is >126mg/dl, 2- hour plasma glucose is >140mg/dl. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth indices were determined by means of clinical examination. Stimulated saliva with parafin was measured for flow rate and buffer capacity, level of S. mutans & Lactobacilli were analyzed with dentocult. There was no decrease in salivary secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Significant correlation were found between buffer capacity, and combination of the S. mutans & Lactobacilli counts in caries activity.

Abstrak :
Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 312-315 The association between diabetic sialosis and salivary gland function has not been clearly stated. The objective of this study is to assess the association between sialosis and salivary flow rates and xerostomia in type 2 diabetic patients. Eighty one subjects enrolled in this cross-sectional study, consisted of 50 type 2 diabetic outpatients of RSUPN Ciptomangunkusumo (mean of age: 60,96±8,38) and 31 control subjects (mean of age: 57,03±10). Clinical examination was performed to assess sialosis. Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates were measured using spitting method. Saliva secretion was stimulated using 2 % citric acid. Xerostomia was assessed using xerostomia questionnaire. The result showed that sialosis was found only in diabetic group, with a percentage of 28% (14 out of 50). This finding was not found in the well-controlled diabetic group. The mean of unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates of the patients with diabetic sialosis were lower than that of the diabetic patients without sialosis. Statistic analysis showed significant association between sialosis and unstimulated salivary flow rate (p=0,001) and between sialosis and xerostomia (p=0,005), but there was no significant association between sialosis and stimulated salivary flow rate (p=0.105). It is concluded that there are significant associations between sialosis and the decrease of unstimulated salivary flow rate, and between sialosis and xerostomia. Therefore patients with diabetic sialosis should be examined periodically to find out the possibility of salivary gland function disorder.