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"Berdasarkan data dari American Cancer Society, untuk tahun 2012 di Amerika Serikat terdapat 241.740 kasus kanker prostat, dengan 28.170 penderita di antaranya meninggal. Diagnosis akurat kanker prostat sangat diperlukan sebagai upaya pencegahan dan meminimalisasi risiko terjadinya kanker prostat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui distribusi uptake radiofarmaka 99mTc-HYNIC Folate pada organ di dalam tubuh manusia, yaitu liver, ginjal, kandung kemih, dan kelenjar prostat sebagai organ targetnya sehingga efisiensi dan efektivitas radiofarmaka ini untuk pencitraan kelenjar prostat dapat diketahui. Perhitungan efisiensi dan efektivitasnya dilakukan dengan menghitung rasio biodistribusi pada masing - masing organ; liver, ginjal, dan kandung kemih terhadap kelenjar prostat. Rasio biodistribusi rerata kelenjar prostat terhadap liver sebesar 0,05; ginjal 0,06; dan kandung kemih 0,06. Rasio biodistribusi yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa radiofarmaka 99mTc-HYNIC Folate pada waktu 5 menit pasca injeksi masih tersebar cukup merata pada liver, ginjal, ataupun kandung kemih. Metode Statistika Pearson yang digunakan menunjukkan nilai koefisien korelasi yang lebih kecil dari nilai kritisnya. Artinya pencitraan kelenjar prostat dengan radiofarmaka 99mTc-HYNIC Folate pada waktu 5 menit pasca injeksi.dapat dilakukan, seperti yang terlihat dari hasil citra pada kelenjar prostat.

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According to American Cancer Society, there are 241.740 cases of prostate cancer happen in United States for the year 2012, with 28.170 sufferers die. Accurate diagnoses are necessary to prevent and to minimize the risk of prostate cancer in the future. The purpose of this study would be aimed to know uptake distribution of 99mTc-HYNIC Folate radiopharmaceutical in liver, kidney, bladder, and prostate as target organ so, the efficiency and the effectivity of this radiopharmaceutical for prostate imaging will be known. To accomplished that, the calculation of biodistribution ratio in liver, kidney, and bladder to prostate are made.

The value of the ratio is 0,05 for liver; 0,06 for kidney; and 0,06 for bladder. This result show that 99mTc-HYNIC Folate radiopharmaceutical has the same level of distribution in liver, kidney, and bladder at 5 minutes after the injection. The result of Pearson Statistics method show that correlation coefficient in this study is smaller than critical value which mean, prostate imaging of 99mTc-HYNIC Folate radiopharmaceutical at 5 minutes can be made as indicated from the result of prostate image."

"This book covers all the practical issues related to the interpretation of prostatic biopsies in day-to-day practice, including: biopsy sampling and processing; the diagnosis of limited cancer; differentiation of prostate cancers from benign lesions and recognition of histologic variants; the recognition and clinical significance of “atypical” diagnoses and HGPIN; the identification of recently described entities; the contemporary approach to Gleason grading; the utility of immunohistochemical markers and emerging molecular markers; and the reporting of prostate biopsies. Algorithms, flow charts, and tables are used throughout to simulate the thought and decision-making process upon encountering common clinical scenarios during sign-out of prostate biopsy."

"The treatment of prostate cancer continues to be problematic owing to serious side-effects, including erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Robotic radiosurgery offers a novel, rapid, non-invasive outpatient treatment option that combines robotics, advanced image-guided spatial positioning, and motion detection with submillimeter precision. This book examines all aspects of the treatment of prostate cancer with robotic radiosurgery. It explains how image-guided robotic radiosurgery overcomes the problem of patient motion during radiation therapy by continuously identifying the precise location of the prostate tumor throughout the course of treatment. Hypofractionated radiation delivery by means of robotic radiosurgery systems is also discussed in detail. The book closes by examining other emerging genitourinary applications of robotic radiosurgery. All of the authors are experts in their field who present a persuasive case for this fascinating technique."

"Breast and prostate cancers are both hormone-dependent, at least in some stages of their progression. Hormonal manipulation represents an important therapeutic approach. Although most of breast and prostate cancers initially respond to hormone therapy, most tumors reinitiate to growth. Finally, hormone-resistant and metastatic breast and prostate cancers may develop. Thus, the challenge is the dissection of mechanisms by which steroid receptor signaling pathways continue to influence cell growth and invasiveness. Compelling evidence indicates that steroid hormones elicit non-genomic responses in extra-nuclear compartment of target cells. In this cellular location, steroid-coupled receptors rapidly recruit signaling effectors or scaffold proteins and activate multiple pathways leading to proliferation, survival, migration and invasiveness. The immediate challenge is the dissection of key events regulating the steroid response of target tissues to prevent progression and improve treatment of breast and prostate cancers."