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"Tingkat pengembangan wilayah berbeda antara satu wilayah dengan wilayah lainnya, baik dari perkembangan ekonomi maupun sosial. Karakteristik wilayah yang berbeda dapat menyebabkan efek yang berbeda tiap wilayah jika suatu intervensi pembangunan dilakukan di suatu wilayah tertentu (Kustiawan, 2009). Provinsi Jawa Barat merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki pengembangan wilayah yang berbeda-beda. Maka dari itu pemerintah membuat kebijakan mengenai arahan rencana pengembangan kawasan di Provinsi Jawa Barat dimana tiap wilayah memiliki fungsinya masing-masing. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat perkembangan wilayah pada masing-masing kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat dan menilai hubungan antara tingkat perkembangan wilayah dengan arahan pengembangan wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode indeks komposit untuk menentukan tingkat perkembangan wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat dan analisis deskriptif untuk melihat hubungan antara tingkat perkembangan wilayah dengan arahan pengembangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tingkat perkembangan wilayah di Provinsi Jawa Barat pada tahun 2020 berbeda-beda. Tingkat perkembangan wilayah yang tinggi terdapat pada wilayah pusat pemerintahan dan wilayah yang dekat dengan pusat pemerintahan. Kemudian tingkat perkembangan wilayah yang sedang dominan berada pada wilayah bagian utara Provinsi Jawa Barat, hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh aksesibilitas dan topografi wilayah yang landai. Sedangkan tingkat perkembangan yang rendah didominasi pada wilayah bagian selatan Provinsi Jawa Barat. Perkembangan wilayah di Provinsi Jawa Barat terkonsentrasi pada pusat-pusat pemerintahan dan pusat perekonomian seperti WP KK Cekungan Bandung dan WP Bodebekpunjur. 

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The level of regional development differs from one region to another, both in terms of economic and social development. Different regional characteristics can cause different effects for each region if a development intervention is carried out in a particular area (Kustiawan, 2009). West Java Province is one area that has other regional developments. Therefore, the government makes policies regarding regional development plans in West Java Province, where each region has its function. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of regional development in each district/city in West Java Province and assess the relationship between the level of regional development and the direction of regional development of West Java Province. This study uses the composite index method to determine the level of regional development of West Java Province and descriptive analysis to see the relationship between the level of regional development and the direction of development. The results of this study indicate that the level of regional development in West Java Province in 2020 is different. A high level of regional development is found in the central government area and areas close to the government center. Then the level of regional development that is currently dominant is in the northern part of West Java Province, which is influenced by the accessibility and sloping topography of the area. In comparison, the low level of development dominated in the southern part of West Java Province. Regional development in West Java Province concentrated in government and economic centers such as WP KK Bandung Basin and WP Bodebekpunjur. "

"The rapid development in every field especially industry does not only give positive implication such as economic growth, work force absorption, foreign exchange reserve enhancement, and society revenue improvement, but also from when seen from aspect of living environment inevitable causes negative impacts, such as water resource pollution by industry liquid pollution. The existence of Ordinance No. 32 Year 2004 covers living environment controlling affairs as obligated affair of region city government, Based on that, Region/City Area Government has he authority to make policy in living environment field including industrial sector in order to develop industrial activities that orient to environment knowledge. The Cilegon city government has shown its commitment to living environment organization by issuing the policy in the living environment field, which is Region Regulation No. 2 year 2004 regarding Controlling of Environment Pollution and. Deterioration. This policy aims to maintain and keep environment quality according to its functions so harmonized and balanced environment can be concrete to support gradual development. This policy is expected to benefit the development of living environment preservation while keeping conducive condition to the development of economy. This policy gives authority to Department of Living Environment, Energy and Mining to Cilegon city as the policy executor. According to Hogwood and Gunn (1985: 197), the success of policy implementation needs fulfillment of 9 conditions which are: adequate resources needed, harmonization in the resources, independent institution executor, similar vision and goal towards the policy to be implemented, good coordination and communication. Meanwhile, Weimer and Mining (1992: 325) said that three (3) factors become focus of success possibility of a policy, namely logics from that policy, there is good cooperation and coordination needed to support policy implementation; there is capable and committed executor on policy implementation. Using qualitative descriptive method, it is known that policy implementation of living environment organization by Department of Living Environment, Energy and Mining (DLEEM) of Cilegon city does not succeed well in organizing its environment. Based on observation conducted by DLEEM of Cilegon city throughout clean river program, the quality of Kedung Ingas and Cibeber rivers is not good enough. This is mainly caused by the pollution of industrial liquid pollution as proved by data resulted from industry observation, which is potential to liquid pollution since some industrial liquid pollution exceed the quality standard determined. The policy goal is not achieved because variable authority, human resources, budgeting, and medium and infrastructure as well as coordination. The authority is weak because the authority as regulated in region regulation is not clearly understood by related parties. There is conflict of interest because the policy implementation of living environment organization is across sector and disciplines- The insufficient authority is influential to compliance of responsible party as targeted group and execution apparatus from other institutions to obey it. Human resources especially the quality is not sufficient to implement controlling of water pollution from industrial activities. This comes from the picture of low knowledge/proactive ability in doing observation in controlling water pollution by the industry. Explicit ability is sufficient due to uniformity of science disciplines from DLEEM executor such as Technique of Environment, Biology, and Chemistry which when combined with social and management science. They will become power in controlling industrial liquid pollution into the water resources of Cilegon city. The budgeting support is not sufficient yet and thus becomes the weakness in controlling industrial liquid pollution into water resources. The support of good medium and infrastructure, either in the form of operational vehicle supply or laboratory equipment, are not sufficient to support the activity of living environment controlling especially liquid pollution by industry activity. Mechanism of living environment organization involves related institutions, coordination between institutions is needed but they are not concrete yet considering no standards of networks between sectors and the concept of bureaucracy attitudes towards networking is not developing yet. To increase the success of policy implementation of living environment, several efforts must be done, namely:a.To conduct good cooperation and coordination between related institutions by communicating effectively.b.To empower society to help observe industry pollution.c.To improve ability, executor needs motivation from the leader.d.To introduce and facilitate efforts for waste minimization throughout clean production program.e.Supporting budgeting, sufficient medium and infrastructure are needed in policy implementation in living environment field."

"ABSTRACTGagasan pembangunan desa pasca otoritarian dipandang sebagai transformasi pembangunan desa, karena tidak lagi menempatkan desa sebagai objek pembangunan yang ditandai adanya tuntutan penyusunan instrumen pembangunan desa. Namun secara praktik, instrumen pembangunan tersebut ternyata tidak mengakomodasi perbaikan produktivitas pertanian dan peternakan di Kampung Pasir Angling Desa Suntenjaya Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Sebab, petani-peternak tidak memiliki kapasitas pengetahuan dengan daya dukung tatanan administratif untuk menghendaki arah perbaikan. Pada kenyataannya, mekanisme musyawarah dusun secara tersirat diarahkan untuk menghendaki perbaikan dari negara. Dengan menggunakan perspektif pembangunan kritis, penelitian ini berpandangan bahwa transformasi pembangunan desa dapat berlaku apabila tidak terbatas pada perubahan strategi kebijakan publik, melainkan melingkupi perubahan sosial di berbagai sektor kehidupan masyarakat desa. Berangkat dari hal itu, penelitian ini menarasikan pendekatan dan bentuk pemberdayaan petani-peternak Yayasan Walungan dalam rangka menemu kenali transformasi pembangunan desa. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa transformasi pembangunan desa yang memiliki karakteristik pemberdayaan dapat tercapai apabila terdapat penempatan elemen masyarakat sipil sebagai pihak yang menginisiasi artikulasi kebutuhan dan mengaktifkan kesadaran petani-peternak dalam praktik pembangunan desa. Gagasan mengenai artikulasi, dalam penelitian ini, diupayakan melalui perbaikan relasi yang bersifat egaliter, aktivitas kolektif, dan pengorganisasian masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualititatif dalam mendeskripsikan pemberdayaan petani-peternak di Kampung Pasir Angling, Desa Suntenjaya, Kabupaten Bandung Barat.

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ABSTRACTThe idea of post authoritarian rural development is seen as the transformation of rural development, since it no longer places the village as an object of development characterized by the demand for the preparation of rural development instruments. However, in practice, the development instrument did not accommodate the improvement of agricultural and livestock productivity in Kampung Pasir Angling Suntenjaya Village, West Bandung regency. Since, farmers do not have the capacity of knowledge with the carrying capacity of the administrative order to require direction of improvement. In fact, the mechanism of deliberations of the hamlet is implicitly aimed at seeking improvement from the state. Using a critical development perspective, the study argues that village development transformation may apply if not limited to changes in public policy strategies, but rather to social change in various sectors of village life. Departing from that, this research narrates approach and form of the community development of farmer breeder that initiated by Yayasan Walungan in order to find the transformation of village development. This study proposes arguments that the transformation of the rural development mdash which has the characteristics of empowerment mdash can be achieved when there is a placement of the civil societys elements as the party that initiates the articulation of needs and activates the consciousness of farmer breeders in the practice of rural development. The idea of articulation in this study is attempted through relations improvement in egalitarian way, collective activities, and community organizing. This research used qualitative research approach in describing the community development of farmer breeders in Kampung Pasir Angling, Desa Suntenjaya, Kabupaten Bandung Barat. "

"Tujuan dari adanya pembangunan adalah membangun masyarakat untuk mencapai kesejahteraan. Adanya perbedaan potensi sumberdaya alam maupun manusia membuat adanya ketidakmerataan pembangunan ekonomi antar wilayah. Salah satu kasusnya adalah pada Kabupaten Pandeglang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak pembangunan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus KEK Tanjung Lesung terhadap perubahan penggunaan lahan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi maupun kualitas penduduk masyarakat Kabupaten Pandeglang. Penelitian ini menggunakan unit analisis administratif yang terdiri dari 18 Desa berdasarkan jarak ibukota kecamatan yang sejauh 15 km dari KEK Tanjung Lesung dengan analisis spasial Overlay dan Query, serta analisis statistik Chi Square. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder 1 Shapefile penggunaan lahan Kabupaten Pandeglang Periode I, II dan III da, 2 Rata-Rata Pendapatan Keluarga per-desa Kabupaten Pandeglang Periode II dan III, 3 Mata Pencaharian Masyarakat per-desa Kabupaten Pandeglang Tahun Periode II dan III, 4 Shapefile Jaringan Jalan Kabupaten Pandeglang, dan 5 Tingkat pendidikan per-desa Periode II dan III. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak adanya pembangunan KEK Tanjung Lesung baru dapat dirasakan pada wilayah yang memiliki jarak terdekat. Adanya perubahan lahan terbangun yang disebabkan karena adanya pembangunan KEK Tanjung Lesung memberikan dampak besar pula bagi aktivitas ekonomi dan kualitas penduduk di wilayah yang berjarak dekat dengan KEK Tanjung Lesung.

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The purpose of the development is to build the community to achieve prosperity. Differences in the potential of natural and human resources make the inequality of economic development between regions. One case is in Pandeglang District. This study aims to analyze the impact of Tanjung Lesung Special Economic Zone KEK development on land use change and economic growth as well as the quality of Pandeglang Regency community. This study uses an administrative analysis unit consisting of 18 villages based on distance from the capital city of 15 km from KEK Tanjung Lesung with spatial analysis of Overlay and Query, and Chi Square statistical analysis. Data used in the form of secondary data 1 Shapefile land use Pandeglang District Period I, II and III da, 2 Average Revenue Family per village Pandeglang District Periods II and III, 3 Livelihoods Community per village District Pandeglang Period II and III, 4 Shapefile Road Network Pandeglang District, and 5 Level of education per village Period II and III. The results showed that the impact of the development of new Tanjung Lesung KEK can be felt in the region that has the closest distance. The existence of the change of land that was built due to the development of KEK Tanjung Lesung gave a big impact to the economic activity and the quality of the population in the area close to KEK Tanjung Lesung."

"Program CSR PT. Astra International Tbk yakni program Kampung Berseri Astra di Desa Lengkong Kulon memiliki pilar kewirausahaan yaitu salah satu pilar di dalam pelaksanaan Kampung Berseri Astra yang fokus pada bidang pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat melalui peningkatan keterampilan wirausaha berbasis ekonomi kreatif, dukungan pemasaran, penguatan forum AKU BISA (Asosiasi Pelaku Usaha Kecil Binaan Astra). Pelaksanaan pilar kewirausahaan di Desa Lengkong Kulon melalui kegiatan Workshop Sabilulungan yaitu sebuah wadah untuk menyalurkan minat dan bakat warga untuk membuat kerajinan maupun menyediakan jasa pembuatan kerajinan sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan warga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluatif yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah program, kebijakan, ataupun produk.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat ha-hal yang belum berjalan secara maksimal. Faktor pendukung pelaksanaan Workshop ini adalah masyarakat nya yang aktif, potensi wilayah, semangat dan keyakinan warga, serta relasi di dalam masyarakat yang baik. Sedangkan faktor penghambat Workshop ini adalah sistem pengelolaan uang yang belum optimal, kesibukan pekerja Workshop Sabilulungan, dan kurang maksimalnya Person In Charge pilar kewirausahaan.

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CSR Program of PT. Astra International Tbk, the Kampung Berseri Astra at Lengkong Kulon Village has an entrepreneurial pillar which is one of the pillars in the implementation of Kampung Berseri Astra which focuses on the field of community economic empowerment through increasing entrepreneurial skills based on creative economy, marketing support, strengthening forums AKU BISA (Asosiasi Pelaku Usaha Kecil Binaan Astra). The implementation of the entrepreneurial pillar in Lengkong Kulon Village through the Sabilulungan Workshop activity is a forum to channel people's interests and talents to make crafts and provide craft-making services so as to increase the income of residents. This research is evaluative research that aims to develop a program, policy, or product.

The results of this study indicate that there are still things that have not run optimally. Supporting factors of the implementation of this Workshop are the active community, regional potential, enthusiasm and confidence of citizens, and good relations in the community. Whereas the inhibiting factor of this Workshop is the system of money management that has not been optimal, the busyness of the Sabilulungan Workshop workers, and the less than optimal role of the Person In Charge entrepreneurial pillar."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Peran Direktorat Jenderal Bina Pembangunan Daerah dalam mendorong Pemerintah Kota Cimahi meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam Musrenbang pada pembangunan daerah. Kota Cimahi pada tahun 2018 menjadi juara pertama dalam pembangunan daerah di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Namun, pada kenyataannya masih ada permasalah tahunan pembangunan daerah yang belum terselesaikan. Masyarakat menilai bahwa pembangunan di Kota Cimahi tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Direktorat Jenderal Bina Pembangunan Daerah belum melaksanakan perannya dengan optimal. Kebijakan yang dirumuskan oleh Ditjen. Bina Pembangunan Daerah sebagai regulator, belum mengakomodasi kebutuhan pemerintah Kota Cimahi dalam pelaksanaan Musrenbang. Pelaksanaan Pembinaan umum dan teknis yang dilakukan sudah cukup baik, dengan diselenggarakannya Rakornas dan Rakortek Nasional dan Kota Cimahi sebagai salah satu pesertanya.Tidak ada fasilitasi yang dilakukan secara langsung ke Pemerintah Kota Cimahi, karena fasilitasi yang dilakukan secara langsung oleh Direktorat Jenderal Bina Pembangunan Daerah hanya pada tingkat Pemerintahan Provinsi Jawa Barat, sedangkan untuk fasilitasi ke Pemerintah Kota Cimahi dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat. Pelaksanaan evaluasi belum dilakukan dengan optimal, karena evalusi yang dilakukan saat ini hanya sebatas pengecekan dokumen administratif terhadap berita acara pelaksanaan Musrenbang. Saran untuk Direktorat Jenderal Bina Pembangunan Daerah, perlu adanya perbaikan regulasi mekanisme pelaksanaan dan evaluasi Musrenbang, serta pemantauan secara langsung pelaksanaan kegiatan Musrenbang.

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This study discusses the Role of the Directorate General of Regional Development in encouraging the Cimahi City Government to increase community participation in Musrenbang in regional development. The city of Cimahi in 2018 won first place in regional development in West Java Province. However, in reality there are still unresolved annual problems of regional development. The community feels that the development in Cimahi City is not in accordance with the needs of the local community. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews and literature studies. The results of this study indicate that the Directorate General of Regional Development has not implemented its role optimally. Policies formulated by the Directorate General. Development of Regional Development as a regulator, has not accommodated the needs of the Cimahi City government in the implementation of the Musrenbang.

The implementation of the general and technical training carried out was quite good, with the holding of the national Rakornas and Rakortek and the City of Cimahi as one of the participants. There was no facilitation conducted directly to the Cimahi City government, because facilitation was carried out directly by the Directorate General. Bina Bangda is only at the provincial government level, while facilitation to the Cimahi City Government is carried out by the West Java Provincial Government. The evaluation has not been carried out optimally, because the evaluation carried out at this time is limited to checking administrative documents on the minutes of the Musrenbang implementation. Suggestions for the Directorate General of Regional Development, it is necessary to improve regulations on the mechanism for implementing and evaluating Musrenbang, as well as direct monitoring of the implementation of Musrenbang activities."

"Desa kini bukan lagi sekadar objek pembangunan melainkan subjek pembangunan dengan otonominya yang kembali seperti sedia kala dan diakui kerangka regulasi yang formal (UU Desa). Desa juga mendapat tambahan sumber pendapatan berupa dana desa yang memiliki potensi membiayai aktivitas pembangunan kesehatan di desa. Penelitian ini memaparkan gambaran pemanfaatan dana desa untuk bidang kesehatan serta hubungannya dengan peningkatan pembangunan kesehatan di wilayah perdesaan Kabupaten Kebumen selama empat tahun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode survei dan menggunakan data realisasi pemanfaatan dana desa dan data capaian pembangunan kesehatan Kabupaten Kebumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, alokasi pemanfaatan dana desa bidang kesehatan proporsinya berkisar 3,44-5,92% dengan besaran per kapita relatif kecil yakni Rp. 3.655-16.879. Besaran alokasi belanja paling banyak cenderung untuk pembangunan fisik sarana prasarana pelayanan kesehatan desa dan penyehatan lingkungan berupa jamban/MCK dan sarana air bersih. Selain itu tidak didapati korelasi antara pemanfaatan dana desa untuk kesehatan dengan peningkatan akses terhadap jamban sehat, akses terhadap air minum, peningkatan Posyandu aktif, dan peningkatan status desa siaga.

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Nowadays, a village is not just become an object of development but the subject behind it with its real autonomy avowed by formal regulatory framework (Village Law). A village also receives additional income in the form of village funds which potentially becomes new source to rural health development financing. This research shows the use of village funds and its correlation with rural health development at villages in Kebumen Regency for 4 years. This is a quantitative research with survey method and use data of realization of village funds and health development achivements in Kebumen Regency. The result shows that utilization of village funds for health sector took about 3.44-5.92% proportion with a relatively small per capita amount around 3.655-16.879 rupiahs. The largest expenditure allocation tends to be infrastructure facilities for village health services and environmental health in the form of latrines/ toilets and clean water facilities. In addition, there is no correlation between the use of village funds for health and access to clean water, access to proper latrines/toilets, an increase in Posyandu aktif, and Desa Siaga status."

"Desa Cisitu di Kabupaten Sukabumi merupakan salah satu desa yang masih mempertahankan sumber mata pencaharian sebagai petani teh. Keberlanjutan mata pencaharian sebagai petani teh menghadapi masalah musim kemarau yang panjang dan naik turunnya harga daun teh. Hal ini menyebabkan kebun teh di Desa Cisitu dimanfaatkan untuk menanam jenis tanaman lain selain teh. Pengukuran keberlanjutan mata pencaharian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Keberlanjutan penghidupan diukur melalui 5 aset utama, yaitu aset alam, aset finansial, aset fisik, aset manusia, dan aset sosial. Aset alam diukur dengan lokasi perkebunan, jasa lingkungan dan bencana alam. Aset keuangan diukur melalui modal, aset hidup lainnya dan luas lahan pertanian. Aset fisik diukur melalui mekanisme pertanian, alat pendukung pertanian, teknologi pertanian dan aksesibilitas. Aset manusia diukur dari kemampuan dan pengetahuan serta ketersediaan tenaga kerja. Aset sosial diukur dengan partisipasi dalam kelompok tani dan keterlibatan dengan lembaga lain. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada lagi petani yang mampu bertahan hanya sebagai petani teh. Semua petani memiliki sumber pendapatan lain, baik dengan mengkonversi kebun teh mereka atau dari sumber non-pertanian. Petani yang masih mengelola kebun tehnya dengan baik adalah mereka yang memiliki aset keuangan yang memadai dan mendapat bantuan dari pemerintah. Profil petani menjadi kunci peluang mendapatkan bantuan dari pemerintah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kehidupan petani teh dapat berlanjut sebagai sumber penghidupan jika ada pendampingan dan pembinaan dari pemerintah yang dilakukan sesuai dengan profil petani tersebut.

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Cisitu Village in Sukabumi Regency is one of the villages that still maintains a source of livelihood as tea farmers. Sustainability of livelihoods as tea farmers face the problem of a long dry season and the ups and downs of tea leaf prices. This causes the tea garden in Cisitu Village to be used to grow other types of plants besides tea. Measurement of livelihood sustainability is carried out using qualitative methods. Livelihood sustainability is measured through 5 main assets, namely natural assets, financial assets, physical assets, human assets, and social assets. Natural assets are measured by plantation location, environmental services and natural disasters. Financial assets are measured through capital, other living assets and the area of ​​agricultural land. Physical assets are measured through agricultural mechanisms, agricultural support tools, agricultural technology and accessibility. Human assets are measured by the ability and knowledge as well as the availability of labor. Social assets are measured by participation in farmer groups and involvement with other institutions. The results of this study indicate that there are no longer farmers who are able to survive only as tea farmers. All farmers have other sources of income, either by converting their tea gardens or from non-agricultural sources. Farmers who still manage their tea gardens well are those who have adequate financial assets and receive assistance from the government. Farmer profiles are the key to opportunities to get assistance from the government. The conclusion of this study shows that the life of tea farmers can continue as a source of livelihood if there is assistance and guidance from the government carried out according to the profile of the farmer."