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"The microbial contamination in the rhizomes of medicinal plants including Curcuma amada rhizomes is generally high. This due to the fact that rhizomes are the bottom parts that grow in the soil. Based on the Regulation of Head of the Indonesian National Agency of Drug and Food Control Number HK.00.06.1.52.4011, the limits of microbial contamination in herbal/medicinal plants are 106 cfu/g for the total microbial and 2×104 cfu/g for the total yeast and mold. Gamma irradiation is one of the methods to reduce microbial contamination in medicinal plants. In this research, the effectiveness of gamma irradiation in microbial reduction and its effects to curcuminoid contents was determined by irradiating Curcuma amada rhizomes at doses of 5 and 10 kGy. The initial contamination in this rhizome was 8.78×107 cfu/g and 5×101 cfu/g for the total microbial and for the total yeast and mould, respectively. The result indicates that at 5 kGy, the microbial contamination and the mould and yeast contamination were reduced from 8.78×107 cfu/g and 5×101 cfu/g to 1.39×104 cfu/g and under 1×101 cfu/g, respectively. Meanwhile the comparison of curcuminoids between the irradiated and non irradiated samples was performed by HPLC method and was found to actually increase from 0.26% to 0.36% after the 5-kGy irradiation. It can be concluded that an irradiation dose of 5 kGy is effective to reduce the content of microorganisms without lowering curcuminoids. Gamma radiation could be used as decontamination method in medicinal plants."

"Temu mangga (Curcuma amada) adalah salah satu jenis tanaman herbal yang termasuk dalam genus Curcuma dan famili Zingiberaceae. Dari beberapa penelitian, tanaman ini diketahui memiliki aktivitas biologi yang menarik seperti antijamur, antibakteri, antioksidan, antikanker, antihelmitik, antihiperglikemik, antiturbekular, dan berperan dalam penurunan kolesterol. Senyawa yang sebelumnya telah diisolasi dan diidentifikasi dari temu mangga diantaranya adalah senyawa volatil (minyak atsiri), asam fenolik, flavonoid, kurkuminoid, dan terpenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi senyawa fenolik dari ekstrak etanol rimpang temu mangga serta mengulas aktivitas antibakterinya dari berbagai jurnal internasional. Rimpang temu mangga dimaserasi dalam etanol (3 x 24 jam) hingga diperoleh ekstrak etanol sebesar 50,73 g dengan rendemen 5,084% (b/b). Uji fitokimia terhadap ekstrak etanol menunjukkan bahwa rimpang temu mangga mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, tanin, dan saponin. Hasil fraksinasi dan purifikasi ekstrak etanol dengan berbagai teknik kromatografi seperti kromatografi cair vakum (KCV), kromatografi kolom (KK), dan kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif (KLTP) menghasilkan tiga isolat sederhana (fraksi C1, F1, dan F2). Ketiga isolat tersebut kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan instrumen UV-Vis, FT-IR, dan LC-MS untuk mengetahui struktur senyawanya. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi, ketiga fraksi diidentifikasi sebagai senyawa fenolik yaitu kurkumin (fraksi C1), naringenin (fraksi F1), serta gabungan kurkumin dan naringenin (fraksi F2). Berdasarkan studi literatur dari berbagai jurnal internasional diketahui rimpang temu mangga memiliki potensi antibakteri, baik terhadap bakteri gram positif maupun gram negatif.

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Mango ginger (Curcuma amada) is herbal plant belonging to Curcuma genus and Zingiberaceae family. Several studies proved that this plant had interesting biological activities such as antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antihelmytic, antihyperglycemic, antitubercular, and plays a role in lowering cholesterol. Research on isolated compounds from mango ginger showed that this plant consisted of volatile compounds (essential oil), phenolic acids, flavonoids, curcuminoids, and terpenoids. This study aims to isolate phenolic compounds from ethanol extract of mango ginger rhizomes and to analyze its antibacterial activity based on literary review from various international journals. The rhizomes of mango ginger were macerated in ethanol (3 x 24 hours) to obtain 50.73 g ethanol extract with the percentage yield of 5.084% (w/w). Phytochemical tests on the ethanol extract exhibited the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins and saponins. The results of fractionation and purification of ethanol extract using various chromatography techniques such as vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), column chromatography (CC), and preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) produced three simple isolates (fractions C1, F1, and F2). The three isolates then were characterized using UV-Vis, FT-IR, and LC-MS instruments to determine their structures. According to the characterization data, three isolates were identified as curcumin (C1 fraction), naringenin (F1 fraction), and the mixture of curcumin and naringenin (F2 fraction). Literary studies from various international journals showed that mango ginger rhizomes had"