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"Peta Sumber dan Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2017 menunjukkan peningkatan pada nilai bahaya percepatan gempa terutama di wilayah sekitar Jakarta. Gempa menghasilkan pergerakan tanah yang unik, maka satu jenis loading protocol pada uji eksperimental tidak dapat menggambarkan variabilitas dari earthquake demand. Dengan mengeneralisasi penggunaan loading protocol pada suatu komponen struktur dapat mengakibatkan misleading dalam menyimpulkan seismic demand-nya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan loading protocol pada kinerja struktur serta merupakan bagian dari penelitian skala besar terkait seismic performance pada sambungan antara spun pile dengan pile cap di Indonesia. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan metode elemen hingga nonlinier menggunakan SAP2000 dan OpenSees dengan objek penelitiannya adalah spun pile hollow serta spun pile dengan beton pengisi. Pada spesimen tersebut, loading protocol pembebanan siklik diberikan dalam bentuk drift ratio dengan tipe loading protocol yang memiliki jumlah siklus serta pola kenaikan/penurunan nilai drift ratio yang berbeda. Pada penelitian ini diketahui bahwa tipe loading protocol pembebanan siklik yang berbeda mempengaruhi kinerja struktur dalam segi penurunan kekakuan (stiffness degradation), kekuatan (strength degradation) serta penyerapan energinya dengan trend yang kurang lebih sama. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, tipe loading protocol yang direkomendasikan untuk digunakan dalam mengetahui kinerja struktur secara optimal adalah tipe TP-01 sama dengan panduan pada ACI 364 di mana tipe loading protocol yang disarankan adalah tipe loading protocol dengan pengulangan pembebanan dalam bentuk drift ratio selama beberapa siklus sebelum pembebanan dilanjutkan dengan kenaikan nilai drift ratio selanjutnya. Pada tipe loading protocol TP-01 walaupun jumlah siklusnya cukup banyak akibat pengulangan pembebanan, tetapi penurunan kekuan dan kekuatan yang terjadi tidak terlalu besar dan penyerapan energinya cukup besar jika dibandingkan dengan tipe loading protocol lainnya.......There is an increase of hazard value on earthquake acceleration around Jakarta. Earthquake produce unique ground movements, so one type of loading protocol for experimental test cannot determine the variability of earthquake demand. By generalizing the use of loading protocols on a structural component can lead to misleading in fulfilling its seismic demand. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in loading protocols on a structure performance, also this study is also a part of a large-scale research related to seismic performance in the connection between spun pile and pile cap in Indonesia. The research method is carried out by the nonlinear finite element method using SAP2000 and OpenSees with the research object is a spun pile hollow and spun pile with concrete infill. In these specimens, the cyclic loading with loading protocol is given in the form of a drift ratio with several type of loading protocol that has a different number of cycles, drift ratio pattern (increasing/decreasing) and the sequence of the loading protocol. Based on this research, it is known that different type of loading protocols affects the structure performance in terms of stiffness degradation, strength degradation and energy dissipation, the degradation has a similar trend. The result also shows that the recommended type of loading protocol that can be used on assessing a structure seismic performance optimally is the loading protocol TP-01, this type of loading protocol is same as the recommended type from ACI 364, where in this type of loading protocol there are a repetition of loading in the form of drift ratio for several cycles before the loading followed by an increase in the next value of drift ratio. With loading protocol TP-01, eventhough the number of cycles is quite a lot due to repetiotion loading, the stiffness and strength degradation that occurs is not too large and the energy dissipation of the structure is quite large, compared to the other types of loading protocol."

"This book presents selected papers presented during the International Symposium on Earthen Structures held in IISc Bangalore. The papers in this volume cover the theme of earthen structures, with technical content on materials and methods, structural design and seismic performance, durability, seismic response, climatic response, hygrothermal performance and durability, design and codes, architecture, heritage and conservation, and technology dissemination. This book will be of use to professionals, academics, and students in architecture and engineering. "

"This book presents a simple analytical method based on the extended rod theory that allows the earthquake resistance of high-rise buildings to be easily and accurately evaluated at the preliminary design stage. It also includes practical software for applying the extended rod theory to the dynamic analysis of actual buildings and structures. High-rise buildings in large cities, built on soft ground consisting of sedimentary rock, tend to have low natural frequency. If ground motion due to an earthquake occurs at distant hypocenters, the vibration wave can be propagated through several sedimentary layers and act on skyscrapers as a long-period ground motion, potentially producing a resonance phenomenon that can cause severe damage. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to gauge the earthquake resistance of existing skyscrapers and to improve their seismic performance. This book was written by authors who have extensive experience in tall-building seismic design in Japan. The software included enables readers to perform dynamic calculations of skyscrapers resistance to vibrations. As such, it offers a valuable resource for practitioners and engineers, as well as students of civil engineering."

"Dalam hal perencanaan bangunan tahan gempa, mekanisme pembentukan sendi plastis harus dapat ditentukan, sehingga bangunan dapat diketahui tingkat performanya dalam menahan beban gempa yang diberikan. Tingkat performa bangunan terhadap gempa ini dikenal sebagai seismic performance level dari suatu bangunan, yang terdiri atas kekakuan, periode getar dan partisipasi massa, kekuatan, rasio gaya geser dasar maksimum terhadap gaya geser dasar lelehnya, daktilitas dan performance level struktur.Prosedur dalam mendapatkan seismic performance level ini ditentukan dengan prosedur push-over, dimana penambahan beban diberikan secara berulang hingga komponen struktur mengalami sendi plastis atau keruntuhan pada elemen struktur. Salah satu metode dalam hal meningkatkan seismic performance level dari suatu bangunan adalah dengan memberikan voute pada join balok kolom. Voute merupakan suatu modifikasi pada join balok-kolom yang dimaksudkan agar daerah penulangan pada join balok-kolom menjadi lebih luas, sehingga perilaku bangunan yang diperoleh menjadi lebih daktail.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan variasi terhadap voute tersebut, yaitu variasi dimensi voute dan variasi lokasi voute. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, dimensi lebar pada join voute memberikan peningkatan seismic performance level yang signifikan. Sementara lokasi voute pada join balok-kolom interior, memberikan peningkatan seismic performance level seperti yang diharapkan, dibandingkan lokasi voute pada join balok-kolom eksterior dan join balok-kolom gabungan (interior dan eksterior).......In order to design a seismic resistance building, the plastic hinges mechanisms have to decide, so the performance level of a building to resist a large earthquake is known. This performance level to resist an earthquake is known as seismic performance level of a building, consist of stiffness, building period and mass participation, strength, maximum base shear to yield ratio, ductility and performance level of structure.The procedures in order to achieve this seismic performance level could be obtain with push-over analysis, which is an increasing load, is given continuously until a component of structure forms a plastic hinges, or the structure is collapse. One of method to increase the seismic performance level of a building is by giving voute to beam-column joint. Voute is one of modification way to extend the reinforcement area of beam-column joint, so the building can behave more ductile.This research is done by applying variation to voute, these are dimensional and location variation. The result of this research shown that wide variation is increasing the seismic performance level more than height variation. Beside that, the location of voute in interior beam-column joint is giving the increased of seismic performance level better than the location of voute in exterior joint or both (interior and exterior)."

"This book reports on a comprehensive analytical, experimental and numerical study on the flexural response of post-tensioned masonry walls under in-plane loads. It explores an important mechanism in this new generation of structural walls, called “Self-centering”. This mechanism can reduce residual drifts and structural damage during earthquake ground motion, and is particularly favorable for structures which are designed for immediate occupancy performance levels. The book reports on the development and verification of a finite element model of post-tensioned masonry walls. It describes a detailed parametric study to predict the strength of post-tensioned masonry walls. New design methodologies and expressions are developed to predict the flexural strength and force-displacement response of post-tensioned masonry. Experimental study is carried out to better understand the behavior of post-tensioned masonry walls and also to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed design procedure and expressions. The book also includes an introduction to current research on unbounded post-tensioned masonry walls, together with an extensive analysis of previously published test results."