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"This article presents an overview of four shifts – low vowel fronting, low vowel backing, back vowel fronting, and mid vowel raising – found in a number of languages on or near the Pacific coast of Luzon in the Philippines and in north central Sulawesi in Indonesia. A more extensive illustration of low vowel fronting is given for Umiray Dumaget than has previously been made available, and a second, sporadic correspondence in Umiray Dumaget is shown to be only irregular and unconditioned. Interactions with Philippine-type morphology are also shown to result in synchronically productive alternations in Umiray Dumaget and several of the Mongondow-Gorontalo languages."

"This study focuses on the way in which the Dutch monophthongal vowels are pronounced by Indonesian students. To investigate whether Indonesian students realize the Dutch vowels correctly, especially when they are stressed, I analysed duration and quality of stressed and unstressed Dutch vowels. Measurements were done on the duration and the formant frequencies of the vowels spoken by Indonesian students and by native speakers of Dutch as well. Statistical analysis showed that in general the differences in duration between vowels spoken by the Indonesian students and by the native speakers were not significant. However, the effect of stress on the lengthening of the vowels was stronger for the Indonesian students than for the native speakers. In addition, statistical analysis of the formant frequencies confirmed that the non-native speakers realized the Dutch vowels slightly differently from the Dutch native speakers. The Indonesian students pronounced the stressed vowels more clearly than their unstressed counterparts; yet their vowel diagram is smaller than the vowel diagram of the native speakers."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas konstruksi bunyi diftong dalam bahasa Indonesia. Diftong tersebut dibahas satu per satu dalam kaitannya dengan ketentuan bunyi diftong itu sendiri yang dikukuhkan dalam PUEBI. Diftong-diftong tersebut dilihat berdasarkan frekuensi kemunculannya, posisinya di dalam kata, dan kecenderungan dapat berdiri sendiri atau didampingi bunyi lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan dua sumber data: sumber data primer dan sumber data sekuner. Sumber data primer adalah KBBI V luring dan sumber data sekunder adalah pengujian kata-kata berdiftong kepada responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi dua vokal yang terdapat di dalam satu suku kata tidak melulu benar berperan sebagai diftong. Pada beberapa kata, seperti air, vokal [a] dan [i] diujarkan secara jelas menjadi [air], bukan [ayr] , bunyi [i] diujarkan secara jelas dan tidak berubah menjadi [y]. Itu berarti [a] dan [i] bukan berperan sebagai diftong, melainkan sebagai deret vokal. Hal ini menjadi masalah karena pemenggalan katanya tampak bertentangan dengan definisi dan pola konstruksi diftong. Selain itu, hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan, bunyi-bunyi diftong dalam bahasa Indonesia cenderung didampingi bunyi-bunyi konsonan, baik di depan, maupun di belakangnya. Tidak hanya itu, di dalam data juga ditemukan beberapa kata berdiftong unik, yaitu ada beberapa kata yang mengandung dua diftong di dalamnya dan ada kata yang terdiri atas satu suku dan suku tersebut adalah diftong itu sendiri. Temuan lainnya, yaitu ada kombinasi bunyi dua vokal yang berpotensi diujarkan sebagai diftong. Bunyi tersebut adalah kombinasi vokal [e]-[u] menjadi [ew], vokal [o]-[u] menjadi [ow], dan vokal [u]-[i] menjadi [uy].

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ABSTRACTThis mini thesis discusses the construction of diphthong sounds in Indonesian. The diphthong is discussed one by one in relation to the provisions of the diphthong sound itself confirmed in PUEBI. The diphthongs are viewed based on the frequency of their appearance, their position in the word, and the tendency to stand alone or be accompanied by another sound. This study uses a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. In this study, two data sources were used primary data sources and data sources of the financial sector. The primary data source is the offline V KBBI and the secondary data source is testing the digging words to the respondent. The results showed that the combination of the two vowels contained in one syllable did not merely act as diphthongs. In some words, such as water, vowels a and i are clearly stated to be water , not ayr , the sound of i is stated clearly and does not change to y . That means a and i do not act as diphthongs, but as vowel series. This is a problem because decapitation seems to contradict the definition and pattern of diphthong construction. In addition, the results of the study also showed that the sounds of diphthongs in Indonesian tend to be accompanied by consonant sounds, both in front and behind them. Not only that, in the data also found several unique diphongong words, namely there are several words containing two diphthongs in it and there are words that consist of one tribe and the tribe is the diphthong itself. Other findings, namely there are two vowel sound combinations that have the potential to be translated as diphthongs. The sound is a vowel combination e u becomes ew , vowel o u becomes ow , and vowel u i becomes uy. "

"Penelitian ini merupakan kajian variasi bahasa Melayu di Riau Daratan dan di Riau Kepulauan. Kajian ini bersifat komparatif, membandingkan bahasa Melayu di dua wilayah Riau tersebut. Yang dibandingkan adalah perbedaan etimon dan realisasi vokal dan konsonan pada suku kata pertama dan kedua. Bahasa Melayu yang dibandingkan itu terdapat di i S daerah pengamatan, 9 di Riau Daratan dan 9 di Riau Kepulauan.Hasil kajian ini membuktikan bahwa bahasa Melayu di Riau Daratan lebih variatif daripada bahasa Melayu di Riau Kepulaun. Buktinya adalah banyak glos yang memiliki etimon lebih banyak di Riau Daratan daripada di Riau Kepulauan. Di samping itu, realisasi vokal dan konsonan, juga menunjukkan ada kecenderungan lebih bervariasi bahasa Melayu di Riau Daratan. Kebervariasian bahasa Melayu di Riau Daratan itu disebabkan oleh kemungkinan adanya pengaruh atau unsur pinjaman dari bahasa lain, antara lain, bahasa Minangkabau, Jawa, dan Sunda. Ada penanda khas antara bahasa Melayu di Riau Daratan dan di Riau Kepulauan. Penanda itu, antara lain, adanya etimon bahasa lain lebih banyak di Riau Daratan daripada di Riau Kepulauan, bunyi vokal tengah swa terdapat di Riau Kepulauan, dan realisasi konsonan [t] di Riau Kepulauan dan [k] atau [?] di Riau Daratan pada akhir berian glos tertentu.

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This research is a study of the variation of Malay language in the Riau Land and the Islands of Riau. This is a comparative study, to compare Malay language in two regions of Riau. This study compares the difference of etimon and the vowel and consonant realization on the first and second syllable. On the Malay language, there are eighteen research point area, nine of them are in the Riau Land and the rest are in the Islands of Riau.The result finding proves that Malay language in are more variation than the Malaya language in the Islands of Riau. The evident show that there many gloss with more etimons in the Riau Land morever, the realization of vowel and consonant, show that the Malay language in the Riau Land has tend to have more variations. The variations from other languages such as the influence of, Minangkabau, Javanese, and Sundanese. There is a special sign between the Malay language in Riau Land and the Islands of Riau. One of signs is that there are more etimons of other languages in Riau Land than in the Islands of Riau. In the Islands of Riau there are the sound of middle vowel swa and the consonant realization [t] and [k] or [?] in the Riau Land on the second on the syllable of the certain given gloss."

"This paper1 deals with the phonology and the lexicology of the Indonesian Bajo language and more specifically with the dialect or variant that can be heard all around the Flores Sea in Kangean, South-East Sulawesi, Sumbawa, and Flores. The phonological survey focuses on vowel lengthening, gemination, pre-nasalized phonemes, and sandhi. The second part of this paper proposes an insight into Bajo lexicology, restricted to nominal and verbal derivation."

"This paper deals with the phonology and the lexicology of the Indonesian Bajo language and more specifically with the dialect or variant that can be heard all around the Flores Sea in Kangean, South-East Sulawesi, Sumbawa, and Flores. The phonological survey focuses on vowel lengthening, gemination, pre-nasalized phonemes, and sandhi. The second part of this paper proposes an insight into Bajo lexicology, restricted to nominal and verbal derivation."