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"Latar Belakang. Peningkatan kasus diabetes melitus (DM) secara global disertai denganmeningkatnya tren onset DM pada populasi dewasa muda. Sebagian besar DM pada usia muda tidak terdiagnosis dan memiliki risiko paparan komplikasi kronis yang lebih panjang. Khususnya di Indonesia, belum banyak data mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan DM pada populasi usia muda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan DM pada populasi usia muda di Indonesia. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional potong lintang, dengan komponen deskriptif dan analitik pada subjek penelitian berusia 18-40 tahun. Analisis data sekunder dari registrasi data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018. Dilakukan pencatatan faktorfaktor yang berhubungan dengan DM, antara lain usia, jenis kelamin, indeks masa tubuh (IMT), obesitas sentral, dislipidemia, inaktivitas fisik, pola diet tidak sehat, kebiasaan merokok, hipertensi, area tempat tinggal, dan tingkat pendidikan. Analisis berdasarkan bobot (weights) dan PSU (primary sampling unit). Analisis bivariat dilanjutkan analisis multivariat pada variabel dengan p<0,25. Analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik dengan metode backward stepwise sampai didapatkan model akhir dengan p<0,05.Hasil. Sebanyak 11.401 subjek usia 18-40 tahun masuk dalam penelitian ini dengan 62,7% subjek adalah perempuan. Prevalensi DM pada subjek penelitian adalah 12,8%. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan DM pada populasi usia muda adalah hipertensi (OR=1,253; IK 95% 1,078-1,455), dislipidemia (OR=1,306; IK 95% 1,135-1,502), perokok aktif (OR=1,338; IK 95% 1,141-1,569), usia >33 tahun (OR=1,229; IK 95% 1,065-1,417) dan tempat tinggal perkotaan (OR=1,342; IK 95% 1,156-1,558).Kesimpulan : Faktor hipertensi, area tempat tinggal perkotaan, dislipidemia, perokok aktif, dan usia 33-40 tahun berhubungan dengan DM pada populasi usia muda di Indonesia.

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Background. The increasing number of diabetes mellitus (DM) cases globally was in line with the increasing number of DM in the young adult population. Most of DM cases at a young age were underdiagnosed yet have a longer risk of exposure to chronic complications. There was not much data regarding factors associated with DM in the young age population, especially in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with DM in the young adult population in Indonesia.

Methods. This was a cross-sectional observational study, with descriptive and analytic components. We analysed study subjects who were 18-40 years old and were registered in the secondary data of the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research (Riskesdas). Data according to factors associated with DM in young age population was recorded and analysed (age, gender, body mass index, central obesity, dyslipidaemia, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet patterns, smoking habit, hypertension, residential area, and education level), along with analysing weights and primary sampling unit (PSU). Bivariate followed by multivariate analysis on variables with p<0.25 was performed. Multivariate analysis used logistic regression with the backward stepwise method until the final model was obtained with p <0.05.

Results. A total of 11,401 subjects aged 18-40 years were included in this study with 62.7% subjects were female. The prevalence of DM in this study was 12.8%. Factors independently associated with DM in young adults were hypertension (OR=1.253; 95% CI 1.078-1.455), dyslipidaemia (OR=1.306; 95% CI 1.135-1.502), active smokers (OR=1.338; 95% CI 1.141-1.569), age 33-40 years (OR=1.229; 95% CI 1.065-1.417) and urban residential area (OR=1.342; 95% CI 1.156-1.558).

Conclusion. Factors hypertension, urban living area, dyslipidaemia, active smokers, and age 33-40 years groups are independently associated with DM in young adult population in Indonesia."

"Perspektif agama arus utama yang menentang homoseksualitas dan ekspresi lintas gender, menimbulkan dilema bagi individu LGBTQ, terutama bagi mereka yang tumbuh dengan afiliasi agama tertentu. Hal ini kemudian dapat menimbulkan konflik antara identitas gender/seksualitas dengan religiositas dalam diri mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana individu memandang dan menghadapi konflik antara status religiositasnya terhadap identitas gender dan seksualitasnya dari waktu ke waktu. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif, khususnya pendekatan grounded theory, yang memungkinkan peneliti untuk berfokus pada proses pembentukan atau pengembangan teori. Partisipan berjumlah enam orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive dan snowball, dengan kriteria: 1) merupakan bagian dari LGBTQ; 2) pernah atau sedang menganut agama tertentu, dan; 3) berusia setidaknya di atas delapan belas tahun. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara semistruktur, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode thematic analysis. Peneliti kemudian menyusun “Model Integrasi dengan Konflik antara Identitas Gender/Seksualitas dengan Religiositas” yang dikembangkan dari Model Pembentukan Identitas Gender oleh Cass (1978). Model ini terdiri dari tahap Nonconform, Questioning, Conflict, Exploration, Self-Identify, Compromise, Self-Integration, dan Spiritual Integration. Selain itu, peneliti mengamati bagaimana penilaian kognitif dan keterikatan kepada agama sebagai komunitas dapat berperan menyelesaikan adanya konflik antara identitas gender/seksualitas dengan religiositas.

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The mainstream religious perspective that opposes homosexuality and cross-gender expression creates a dilemma for LGBTQ individuals, especially those who grew up with a specific religious affiliation. This can result in internal conflict between gender and religiosity. The present study aims to explore how individuals perceive and cope with the conflict between their religious status and gender and sexual identity over time. The researcher used qualitative methods, specifically the grounded theory approach, which allowed for a focus on the process of theory formation and development. Six participants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling criteria: 1) they identified as part of the LGBTQ community; 2) they had practiced or were currently practicing a particular religion, and; 3) they were at least eighteen years old. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The researcher developed an "Integration Model with Gender- Religiosity Conflict" derived from Cass's (1978) Gender Identity Formation Model. This model consists of the following stages: Nonconform, Questioning, Conflict, Exploration, Self-Identify, Compromise, Self-Integration, and Spiritual Integration. Additionally, the researcher observed how cognitive appraisal and attachment to religion as a community can play a role in preventing gender-religiosity conflict. This study provides insight into the experiences of LGBTQ individuals who also have a religious affiliation and may be struggling with conflicting identities. The model developed in this study can be used as a framework for understanding and supporting individuals going through this process."