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"Penelitian ini membahas tentang Açık Kapı Politikası sebagai pilihan kebijakan penanganan pengungsi oleh Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) di Turki. Sejak diinisiasi pada tahun 2011, kebijakan penanganan pengungsi ini ditujukan untuk membantu para pengungsi dari negara lain, namun diutamakan dari Suriah, untuk bertahan hidup di Turki dengan bantuan tempat tinggal, makanan, kesehatan, dan lain-lain. Seiring berjalannya waktu, kebijakan ini mulai mendapatkan kritik dan keluhan dari masyarakat dan partai politik oposisi. Akan tetapi, berbagai kritik dan keluhan tersebut tidak membuat AKP menghapuskan kebijakan ini. Justru dalam perkembangannya, orientasi kebijakan penanganan pengungsi bergeser dari yang awalnya merupakan kebijakan sosial menjadi kebijakan politik untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan public choice theory yang dikemukakan oleh Dennis Mueller untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Implementasi teori dalam tulisan ini berhubungan dengan asumsi dasar teori menurut Mueller, bahwa setiap individu dan kelompok bersifat rasional dalam menentukan pilihannya. Kaitannya adalah bahwa penelitian ini akan menjelaskan rasionalitas AKP dalam pertimbangan mempertahankan Açık Kapı Politikası sejak tahun 2011 hingga saat tulisan ini dibuat, atau pada pertengahan tahun 2021. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa keputusan mempertahankan Açık Kapı Politikası oleh AKP dihasilkan atas beberapa pertimbangan, antara lain kebijakan ini membantu AKP mempertahankan dukungan politik dari kelompok konservatif sebagai kelompok mayoritas di Turki; menghasilkan dukungan dan bantuan dari komunitas internasional; serta menciptakan tekanan baru bagi Uni Eropa untuk bertindak lebih baik atas penanganan krisis pengungsi dan posisi politis Turki.

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This research discusses the Açık Kapı Politikası as the chosen policy for handling refugees in Turkey by Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP). Initiated in 2011, the policy was aimed to help refugees from other countries, mainly from Syria, to live in Turkey with providing shelter, food, health, and other essential supports. As time goes on, this policy has received criticism and complaints from the public and oppositions. However, despite all those criticism and complaints, AKP decide to maintain the policy. In fact, the orientation of the policy has shifted from a policy based on social purpose to become more political as it is used to maintain power and control by AKP. By applying a qualitative approach, public choice theory by Dennis Mueller is used to answer the research question. Implementation of the theory on this research is related with the assumption of the theory by Mueller, that individuals and groups are rational in developing their choices. So, it is useful to explain the considerations taken by AKP to maintain the Açık Kapı Politikası until this research is published, in the middle of 2021. This study finds that the decision to maintain the policy by AKP resulted from several considerations, including to maintain their support from conservative groups as the majority of Turkish, to gain support and aid by international communities, and to create new pressure for European Union to be involved in handling the refugee crisis as well as respect Turkish political position."

"ABSTRACTIn any government system, economic conditions can be separated from political conditions. Both of them are connected in complex way, where economic factors can affect political conditions and vice versa. What happened in Turkey since 2002 to 2012 when The Justice and Development Party took power, showed indications of political economy. Using the method of analysis and case study this research is concentrating on economic conditions in Turkey after the economic crisis in 2001 or in the last decade. The main unit of analysis of this research is the capability of the Justice and Development Party in overcoming the economic crisis that hit the state and bringing the country to safe condition. Policies and economic programs planned by the AKP and its implementation in the government is studied in depth in this research. The units of analysis are consist of AKP Party turkey society businessmen, IMF and Europe Union."

"Skripsi ini mendeskripsikan proses kemunduran demokrasi Turki di bawah pemerintahan AKP yang terjadi pada tahun 2012-2017. Kemunduran tersebut muncul dari perilaku non-demokratis pemerintahan Erdogan kepada lawan politiknya. Di sisi lain, kemunduran tersebut juga berkaitan erat dengan melemahnya pengaruh Uni Eropa dalam politik domestik Turki. Skripsi ini berargumen bahwa kemunduran demokrasi Turki terjadi karena lemahya komitmen elite politik Turki terhadap demokrasi.

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This thesis describes the process of Turkey’s democratic reversal under the AKP government that occurred in 2012-2017. The setback arose from the non-democratic behavior of Erdogan’s government to its political opponents. On the other hand, the decline is closely related to the European Union’s waning influence over Turkish domestic politics. This thesis argues that the decline of Turkish democracy is due to the lack of commitment of Turkish political elite to democracy.

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