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"Telah dilaksanakan suatu studi kuantitatif kualitas citra mammografi sebagai fungsi jarak air gap. Studi dilaksanakan pada alat mammografi General Electric Senographe 700T dengan menggunakan metoda Bernstein dan Muntz dan modifikasinya. Metode ini menggunakan Low Shield Contrast dengan memvariasikan gap pada kondisi paparan, SID (Source to Image Distance), field size (luas lapangan) dan otomatic processing yang sama. Modifikasi metode Bernstein dan Muntz menggunakan fantom mammografi PMMA dengan memvariasikan gap pada SID (Source to Image Distance), field size (luas lapangan) dan automatic processing yang sama, namun dengan kondisi paparan yang berbeda untuk masing-masing penambahan ketebalan PMMA. Didapatkan hasil bahwa dengan bertambahnya gap, S/P (Scatter to Primary ratio ) menurun, S/P untuk masing-masing gap 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, dan 5 cm berturut-turut yaitu menurun sebesar 0.24%, 0.49%, 0.75%, 1.015%, dan 1.29%, dan kualitas citra yang diperoleh menjadi lebih baik. Penambahan ketebalan fantom menghasilkan berkurangnya kualitas citra.

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A quantitative study has been done on the influence of air gap on image quality by using Bernstein and Muntz’ method and its modification. Work was accomplished on General Electrical Senographe 700T mammography unit. The method use Low Shield Contrast with variety of different gaps on same voltage, SID (Source to Image Dista nce), field size and automatic processing unit. The modification used PMMA pantom, but with the different voltage each additional thickness for different exposure. The result is that with increasing gap, S/P (Scatter to Primary ratio) decreases, S/P decreases for 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm gap are 0.24%, 0.49%, 0.75%, 1.015%, and 1.29%, and the image quality increased. Image quality decreases as the PMMA thickness increased."

"This book provides the basis of the design of rotating AC machines. The first chapter puts the emphasis on the air gap magnetomotive force (MMF) of Rotating AC machines and the second chapter deals with the formulation of the rotating fields that could be generated considering different technique. The third chapter of this book focuses on the arrangement of the armature winding of fractional-slot concentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous machines, which is achieved considering the star of slots approach.Each topic is explained by case studies that show how to implement the theory into real-world design of DC machines."