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Abstrak :
It is quite often, wittingly or unwittingly, that people assume society, even the state, as person. They talk about society in a way as if it shares same attributes with human being: can be sick (as if it has body), can think (as if it has mind), can speak (as if it has mouth), for example. It is quite obvious that this gesture implies a view of society as an agglomeration of individuals. The problem arises around the legitimacy of this gesture: namely, to analogize the society as individuals always implies a logical leap. Things even get murkier when this gesture is applied even more to the way in which people recognize the state: as collectivities, as a ?big-person.? This gesture, which has methodological impact, is what the author call ?anthropomorphism analogy?. By doing what the author call psychogenealogy?a mixture of Lacanian psychoanalysis and Foucauldian genealogy, that is a way at seeing history as constituted by various contestation of materialization of desire?to the history of the modern state, namely, modern sovereign state, the author seeks to remedy this analogy with an objective account. The purpose is not to side with the analogy, but to prove that it is invalid not because it is scientifically inadequate, but that it is a true correspondence: state is person.

Abstrak :
This article deals with the concepts of function and social structure, developed by two leading figures in British Social Anthropology, Radcliffe -Brown and Malinowski, before the Second World War. In this article, the author distinguishes Malinowski's concept of function from Radcliffe -Brown's, delineates Radcliffe-Brown's concept of social-structure and Evans-Pritchard's review of this concept. This article particularly intends to help the Indonesia students to study anthropological theory in their own language.

Abstrak :
Desalinasi air laut bermanfaat bagi kebutuhan air bersih. Untuk mendapatkan hasil desalinasi yang efektif maka diperlukan pengetahuan tentang karakteristik penguapan air laut. Air laut disini digantikan oleh air garam. Laju penguapan air; di mana sangat dipengaruhi oleh kelembaban udara, temperatur lingkungan dan kecepatan aliran udara; dapat diakomodir dengan melakukan penelitian penguapan tetesan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat berupa penyuntik cairan untuk menghasilkan tetesan, pemanas, penghembus udara dan alat kontrol. Tetesan ini berupa air garam dan aquades. Tetesan dijatuhkan pada wire probe thermocouple, udara dialirkan melalui tetesan dengan kecepatan dan temperatur bervariasi. Data berupa gambar perubahan dimensi tetesan direkam, kemudian diolah dengan software. Hasil pengolahan data berupa bilangan tak berdimensi yaitu Nusselt dan Sherwood. Pers. Ranz-Marshall digunakan sebagai pembanding. Terlihat bahwa air garam lebih sulit menguap dibandingkan dengan aquades. Data yang didapat dari penelitian mempunyai kecenderungan selalu berada di atas model analogi Ranz-Marshall. ......Sea-water desalination useful in order to produce fresh water. Fundamental understanding of sea-water evaporation characteristic required to achieve the effectiveness in desalination process. Sea-water replaced by brine. Evaporation characteristic determined by humidity, ambient temperature and air flow rate; could be accomodated by droplet evaporation research. This research was done by using dilution injector for droplet yielding, heater, blower and control device. Droplet dropped at wire probe thermocouple, air flown through droplet with temperature and speed vary. The change of droplet dimension; captured and then processed by image processing software. Data result was in the form of dimensionless number; Nusselt and Sherwood. Ranz-Marshall equation applied as comparator. As could be seen, that brine more difficult to evaporate than aquades. Experiment data shows the tendency of being above the Ranz-Marshall analogy.

Abstrak :
Now in its seventh edition, The Study of Social Problems uses seven sociological perspectives - social pathology, social disorganization, value conflict, deviant behavior, labeling, the critical perspective, and social constructionism - to examine social problems. Focusing on theory, this critically acclaimed anthology distinguishes itself from other texts, which are organized topically. Each section opens with an overview of the perspective's major contributors, its history, and its main characteristics and closes with a critique of the perspective and questions for discussion. Thirty-six readings drawn from a wide range of primary sources illustrate and expand upon the key elements of each approach." "The seventh edition features updated textual material, readings, and annotated references. Ten new contemporary selections cover the pathology of everyday life; sexual education and value conflict; self-injury and differential association; the stigma of charity; attacks on labeling theory; capitalism and the problems of class, race, and gender; state-corporate crime; changing constructions of rape; immigration; and terrorism as a social problem.

Abstrak :
Salah satu aspek penting pada perencanaan dan manajemen proyek rancang bangun perangkat lunak adalah mengestimasi biaya sebuah proyek. Beberapa metode telah digunakan untuk mengestimasi biaya suatu proyek perangkat lunak, dan metode Analogy merupakan metode baru yang menghasilkan estimasi relatif akurat. Makalah ini menunjukkan hasil studi penyempurnaan metode Analogy, yang meliputi penentuan model matematis untuk memilih proyek sejenis sebagai acuan estimasi, serta penentuan estimasi effort dan biaya. Studi ini menghasilkan penyempurnaan teknik estimasi biaya dengan parameter biaya lebih lengkap sehingga hasil estimasi relatif lebih baik daripada metode Analogy baku.

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The important aspect of planning and managing software development project is to estimate the cost of a project. There are several methods for estimating the cost of a software development project, and the Analogy method is a method which gives relatively better estimates. This paper shows that the modified Analogy method selects a closer project reference, estimates more accurate project effort and cost. This study enhances the cost estimate technique by including valid and complete cost parameters, therefore the estimate of a project cost is better than the result of the standard Analogy method.

Abstrak :
Treating the doctrine of analogy in a theological sense leads us to a dilemma: on the one hand, we actually know God limited to the basis of sensible creatures. The knowledge of creatures is not enable us to see the essence of God through His effects, thus ruling out any univocal knowledge of God. On the other hand, a purely equivocal knowledge is not knowledge. Aquinas offers a way out of such a dilemma that is called the analogical way of predication. Insofar as God is the cause of creatures or material things there are some similarities between them like cause and effect that enable us not to know about what God is but at least whether God exists or not. However, inasmuch as there is an infinite inequality between God and creatures, we can predicate God from creatures only, particularly after removing the finite characteristics from the created things that properly belong to them.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
In Northern Thailand, a game that builds upon an uncanny cooperation between human beings and rhinoceros beetles xylotrupes Gideon has developed at a high level of refinement and institutionalization. Beetle fighting is even being widely presented as a marker of the local identity and a local ecological wisdom. In this paper, I will show how it is not so much the coleoptera that symbolize a harmonious connection built by human populations with their natural environment, but rather a question of what happens in the intimate relationship between human beings and insects. Following the way players build on the great alterity between them and the insects, this article will address how the technical and conceptual handling of the beetles shapes pragmatically an original cosmology. It will pay specific attention to the ways players try to connect with their coleopteran by projecting human traits on them and adopting their communication mode. Through these, we can examine how beetles force humans to reflect on their engagement in the world, up to the point where it brings this game onto the stage of political ecology.

Abstrak :
Perpindahan panas dan massa tetesan bahan bakar cair penting untuk diketahui dalam memprediksi fenomena dalam pembakaran dan pengeringan semprot. Model analogi Ranz-Marshall merupakan salah satu model analogi yang sering digunakan untuk menghitung perpindahan panas dan massa suatu zat. Pada hasil perhitungan perpindahan panas dan massa zat yang memiliki nilai bilangan lewis lebih dari satu masih menunjukkan penyimpangan yang cukup besar antara model modifikasi film stagnan dengan model analogi Ranz-Marshall. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perpindahan panas dan massa pada penguapan tetesan etanol, metanol, dan 2-propanol, serta melihat kesesuaian model analogi Ranz-Marshall dengan meninjau nilai Re1/2Pr1/3 terhadap nilai bilangan Nusselt pada perhitungan perpindahan panas dan meninjau nilai Re1/2Sc1/3 terhadap nilai bilangan Sherwood pada perhitungan perpindahan massa. Penelitian ini menggunakan sebuah sistem pengujian yang mengalirkan udara panas ke sekitar tetesan yang menggantung di termokopel dengan variasi kecepatan dan temperatur pada udara yang mengalir disekitar tetesan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai bilangan Lewis senyawa yang diujikan lebih dari satu dan terdapat penyimpangan yang cukup besar antara hasil pengujian dengan hasil simulasi model analogi Ranz-Marshall untuk setiap senyawa yang diuji, dimana nilai Re1/2 kurang sesuai untuk perhitungan dengan nilai kecepatan udara berbeda-beda serta diperlukan persamaan baru sesuai untuk hal tersebut. ...... Heat and mass transfer of liquid fuel droplets is important in predicting phenomena in spray combustion and drying. Ranz Marshall analogy model is one of the most common analogy models used to calculate heat and mass transfer of a substance. In the calculation of heat and mass transfer of substances with Lewis number more than one still shows considerable deviations between stagnant film modification model and Ranz Marshall analogy model. This study aims to analyze heat and mass transfer in evaporation of ethanol, methanol and 2 propanol droplets, and to see the conformity of Ranz Marshall analogy model by reviewing Re1 2Pr1 3 value to Nusselt number on heat transfer calculation and reviewing Re1 2Sc1 3 value to Sherwood number on mass transfer calculation. This study uses a test system that drains hot air around droplets that hung in the thermocouple with variations in speed and temperature of the air flowing around droplets. The results showed that Lewis number of the compound tested was more than one and there was considerable deviation between the test results and the simulation results of the Ranz Marshall analogy model for each tested compound, where Re1 2 value was less suitable for calculation with different air velocity values and new equations are needed accordingly.

Abstrak :
Laju penguapan pada droplets penting untuk diketahui dalam melakukan simulasi pada combustion. Yosuo Moriyoshi dan Yasuo Imai melakukan penelitian tentang pengukuran distribusi kosentrasi tekanan uap pada bahan bakar dalam phase gas dan liquid[9]. Christopher J. Rutland and Yunliang Wang melakukan simulasi terhadap semprotan campuran cairan turbulen menggunakan software DNS[10]. Banyak simulasi combustion menggunakan software Fluent ataupun DNS yang menggunakan model analogi Ranz-Marshall pendekatan stagnan film sebagai dasar untuk menghitung laju perpindahan panas dan massa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah model analogi tersebut dapat digunakan pada premium dan pertamax yang memiliki bilangan lewis besar (3-4) serta membandingkan dengan model E. A. Kosasih [6]. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat berupa jarum yang berisi larutan. Setelah larutan diteteskan pada termokopel, kemudian dialirkan udara dengan kecepatan dan temperatur bervariasi. Setelah dianalisa akan didapat hubungan antara bilangan Reynold (Re), Prandtl (Pr), Schmidt (Sc), Nusselt (Nu) dan bilangan Sherwood (Sh). Model Modifikasi oleh E. A. Kosasih ternyata mempunyai korelasi yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan model film stagnan.

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Evaporation rate on the droplets is important to note in doing simulation on combustion. Yosuo Imai Yasuo Moriyoshi and conducts research on measurement of concentration distribution in the fuel vapor pressure in the gas and liquid phase[9]. Christopher J. Rutland and Wang Yunliang simulation of Turbulent liquid spray mixing and combustion by using DNS software[10]. Many combustion simulation using FLUENT software or DNS which uses the analogy of Ranz-Marshall model of stagnant film approach as a basis for calculating the rate of heat and mass transfer. This study aimed to see whether the analogy model can be used on premium and pertamax which has a large Lewis numbers (3-4) and compare with model modification E.A Kosasih[6]. This research is using a nozzle filled with solution. After the solution is injected on thermocouple, then air flow is given with some velocity and temperature variations. After being analized, the relations between Reynold number (Re), Prandtl (Pr), Schmidt (Sc), Nusselt (Nu) and Sherwood number (Sh) will be found. The modification model E. A. Kosasih has stronger correlation than stagnant film model.