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Abstrak :
This new edition continues to be the best “quick reference” for pathologists in training, practicing pathologists, oncologists, medical students, primary care physicians, and other medical professionals with an interest in pathology. The successful organization of Essentials of Anatomic Pathology remains unchanged in this new edition. The book is divided into two main parts. Part I, general pathology, covers fundamentals of anatomic pathology, including cytopathology, immunohistochemistry for the surgical pathologist, tumors of unknown primary, diagnostic electron microscopy, transplantation pathology, microbiology for the surgical pathologist, forensic pathology, autopsy pathology, biomedical informatics for anatomic pathology, quality assurance and regulations for anatomic pathology, molecular diagnostic pathology, molecular pathology of solid tumors, and human genetic disorders.

Abstrak :
This book addresses various aspects of male reproduction ranging from mind to testis. This book has been designed for all students and practitioners across disciplines of the medical science. We have kept the language simple so that an inquisitive person with a background of biology too may read it. The scope of our book is reflected by wide range of topics covered by our contributors. This book has 30 chapters ranging from chromosome to yoga. The basis of maleness lies in the Y chromosome. Reproductive functions depend upon the development of male organs from embryo to manhood. Testis, the male gonad, produces hormones and sperm; latter are ejaculated in semen secreted by accessory sex glands. The testicular events are under neuroendocrine regulation which coordinates reproductive life from puberty to andropause and to the end of life.

Abstrak :
In the year 1912, Hashimoto first reported four women with diffuse struma which under anatomic pathology demonstrated four unique findings of diffuse lymphocyte infiltration, the formation of lymphoid follicles, destruction of thyroid epithelial cells, and formation of fibrous tissue; thus called lymphomatous struma.1-2 Forty years later, an anti-thyroid antibody was found in the serum of the patients introduced by Hashimoto. Since then, clinical conditions of diffuse struma with the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies are known as Hashimoto disease, or Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis.1 With further developments, there were many diseases with the same histological findings, and the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies are not always associated with diffuse struma such as that in the classical Hashimoto disease. Thus, the more common name used nowadays is chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Clinically, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is classified into two forms, first with diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland (goitrous form) known as Hashimoto disease or Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis, and the second without thyroid gland enlargement, known as chronic atro-phic thyroiditis.123 With further developments, there were many diseases with the same histological findings, and the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies are not always associated with diffuse struma such as that in the classical Hashimoto disease. Thus, the more common name used nowadays is chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Clinically, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is classified into two forms, first with diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland (goitrous form) known as Hashimoto disease or Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis, and the second without thyroid gland enlargement, known as chronic atro-phic thyroiditis.123 The incidence rate of Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis is quite high and has a tendency to increase in uncertain numbers. The average incidence rate is 3.5 cases in 1000 females and 0.8 cases in 1000 males.4 The prevalence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in Western countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom was reported to be 5-15% in females and 1-5% in males.1 In Indonesia, cases of Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis cases are very rare. A histopatho-logical examination analysis of thyroid operation cases in Surabay a for 2 years only found 28 cases of Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis out of 2185 thyroid specimens, or 1.3%,5 while data from the Department of Pathologic Anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine of Hasanuddin University found 3 cases of Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis out of all thyroid samples in 3 years.6 A diagnosis of Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis should always be considered when finding patients with diffuse struma with or without complaints or clinical signs of hypothyroidism, accompanied by increased levels of serum thyrothropine (thyroid stimulating hormone = TSH). Increased levels of one of the anti-thyroid antibodies, such as the anti-microsomal antibody (AMA), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), or anti-thyroglobu-lin (anti-Tg) are needed to prove the presence of an autoimmune process. Histopathological or cytological examination would further support the diagnosis of Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis.3'4

Abstrak :
Tujuan: AmpIifikasi dan over-ekspresi c-erbB2 and MRP1 ditemukan pada beberapa tumor dan merupakan hal yang panting daiam menentukan perilaku karsinoma. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara ekspresi protein c-erbB-2 dan MRPI dengan derajat keganasan karsinoma payudara duktal invasif dan respon kemoterapi neoajuvan CAF. Cara kerja: Ekspresi protein c-erB2 and MRP1 dianalisa secara imunohistokimia pada 27 blok paraffin dari pasien yang telah didiagnosa sebagai karsinoma payudara duktal. Hasilnya dihubungkan dengan derajat keganasan dan respon kemoterapi. Hubungan antara beberapa variabel dianalisa dengan uji analisa statistik non-parametrik Kendall, Hasil: Ekspresi protein C-erbB-2 positif pada 33,3 % tumor. Ekspresi protein MRP1 negatif pads 25,9 %, positif lemah pada 11,1 %, positif sedang pads 37,1 % dan positif kuat pada 25,9 %. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspresi protein C-erbB-2 dengan MRP1 (p=0,020, r=0,370). Tetapi, tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspresi protein C-erbB-2 dengan derajat keganasan (p= 0,210) dan respon kemoterapi neoajuvan CAF (p=0,168). Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspresi protein MRPI dengan derajat keganasan (p= 0,144) dan respon kemoterapi neoajuvan CAF (p=0,056). )_ Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspresi protein MRP1 dengan derajat keganasan dengan respon kemoterapi neoajuvan CAF (p-,I30). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspresi protein c-erbB-2 dengan MRP1. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspresi protein c-erbB2 dan MRPI dengan derajat keganasan dan respon kemoterapi. Tetapi, ada kecenderungan bahwa ekspresi protein MRP berhubungan searah dengan derajat keganasan dan respon kemoterapi. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara derajat keganasan dengan respon kemoterapi.

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Aims: Amplification and over-expression of c-erbB2 and MRP1 gene has been demonstrated in several tumors and thought to be important determinant of behaviors of carcinoma. In this study, correlation between c-erbB-2 and MRPI protein expression with histological grade of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and CAF neoadjuvant chemotherapy response were evaluated. Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissue section from 27 patients who diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were analyzed immunohistochemically for the expression of c-erbB2 and MRPI. The result was compared with histological grade and CAF neoadjuvant chemotherapy response. The correlation between several variable were analyzed by non-parametric statistical analysis correlation of Kendall. Result: C-erbB-2 protein expression were positive in 33.3 % of the tumours. MRP1 protein expression were negative in 25.9 %, weak positive in 11.1 %, moderate positive in 37.1 % and strong positive in 25.9 %. There was significant correlation between C-erbB-2 with MRPI protein expression (p(_020, r0.370). However, there was no significant correlation between C-erbB-2 protein expression with histological grade (p= 0.210) and chemotherapy response (p=0.168). There was no significant correlation between MRP I protein expression with histological grade (p= 0.144) and chemotherapy response (p-0.056). There was no significant correlation between histological grade with chemotherapy response (p.41130). Conclusion C-erbB-2 and MRPI protein expression were weakly correlated with each other. There was no significant correlation among both of the c-erbB2 and MRP I protein with histological grade and CAF neoadjuvant chemotherapy response_ However, there was a tendency that the expression of MRPI protein was related to histological grade and CAF neoadjuvant chemotherapy response. There was no significant correlation between histological grade and CAF neoadjuvant chemotherapy response.

Abstrak :
Studi ini fokus membahas tentang variasi anatomis normal pada mukosa oral. Tujuan dari studi ini dalah untuk menentukan prevalensi dan distribusi lesi pada 312 pasien yang mengunjungi Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Pendidikan Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Studi ini dilakukan dengan survei epidemiologi dan menggunakan pendekatan potong lintang. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 7 (2,2%) pasien dengan leukoedema, 69 (22,1%) pasien dengan fordyce granules, dan 207 (66,3%) pasien dengan linea alba pada mukosa oral mereka. Semua lesi lebih banyak ditemukan secara bilateral. Leukoedema dan fordyce granules lebih banyak ditemukan pada pria, sedangkan linea alba lebih banyak pada wanita. Leukoedema dan fordyce granules paling banyak ditemukan pada kelompok usia 69-76 tahun, sedangkan linea alba paling banyak ditemukan pada usia 13-20 tahun.

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This study is focused on variations of anatomic structures of oral mucosa. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and the distribution of these lesions in 312 patients who visited University of Indonesia Dental Hospital according to the location, age and gender. This study has been done by cross sectional descriptive epidemiological survey. The result showed that there were 7 (2.2%) people who had leukoedema, 69 (22.1%) people who had fordyce granules, and 207 (66.3%) people who had linea alba on their oral mucosa. All lesions were more common in bilateral location. Leukoedema and fordyce granules were more common among males, while linea alba were more common among females. Leukoedema and fordyce granules had the highest prevalence in 69-76 years age-group, while linea alba was highest in 13-20 years age-group.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Nyeri kepala sekunder karena variasi anatomi pada mukosa hidung, konka, dan septum dikategorikan dalam lampiran pada International Classification of Headache Disorders – 3. Posisi ini berbeda dan lebih lemah dibanding dengan nyeri kepala sekunder akibat rinosinusitis akut atau eksaserbasi akut pada rinosinusitis kronik. Variasi anatomi pada rongga hidung dan sinus paranasal menjadi stimulasi mekanik berupa kompresi antar mukosa intranasal dan perubahan tekanan barometrik dalam rongga sinus. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan peran variasi anatomi septum deviasi, konka bulosa, dan sinus etmo-maksila (SEM) sebagai faktor risiko nyeri kepala rinogenik Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain potong lintang pada pasien nyeri kepala rinogenik di Departemen THT RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, RSUP Persahabatan dan RSUP Fatmawati periode Desember 2022 – Februari 2023. Parameter yang dinilai adalah skor NPRS, NOSE, dan ESS. Hasil: Proporsi variasi anatomi septum deviasi sebesar 73,8%, konka bulosa sebesar 52,3%, dan sinus etmomaksila sebesar 47,7% pada pasien nyeri kepala rinogenik di RSCM, RSF, dan RSP yang dievaluasi melalui tomografi komputer sinus paranasal. Terdapat perbedaan rerata yang bermakna antar kelompok derajat septum deviasi dan klasifikasi Mladina terhadap skor NPRS, NOSE, ESS (p<0,05). SEM tipe 2 memiliki rerata skor NPRS yang lebih tinggi dibanding SEM tipe 1 namun tidak bermakna secara statistik. Tipe SEM memiliki perbedaan rerata yang bermakna antar kelompok terhadap skor NOSE dan ESS (p<0,05). Jumlah variasi anatomi dan skor ESS memiliki kecenderungan hubungan yang bermakna terhadap skor NPRS (p<0,05). Odds ratio regresi logistik jumlah variasi anatomi dan skor ESS adalah 4,98E9. Kesimpulan: Proporsi variasi anatomi septum deviasi ditemukan paling banyak pada populasi nyeri kepala rinogenik. Derajat septum deviasi dan klasifikasi Mladina memiliki kecenderungan terhadap derajat nyeri kepala rinogenik. Tipe SEM memiliki kecenderungan hubungan dengan sumbatan hidung dan gangguan napas saat tidur. Jumlah variasi anatomi dan skor ESS menjadi faktor prediktor untuk derajat nyeri kepala rinogenik. ......Background: Secondary headaches due to anatomic variations in the nasal mucosa, turbinates, and septum are categorized in the appendix to the International Classification of Headache Disorders – 3. This position is different and weaker than secondary headaches due to acute rhinosinusitis or acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis. This study aims to determine the trend of the role of anatomical variations of septum deviation, concha bullosa, and ethmo-maxillary sinus (SEM) as risk factors for rhinogenic headache. Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design in rhinogenic headache patients at the ENT Department of RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Friendship Hospital and Fatmawati Hospital for the period December 2022 - February 2023. The parameters assessed were the NPRS, NOSE, and ESS scores. Results: ¬The proportion of anatomical variations of septum deviation was 73.8%, concha bullosa was 52.3%, and ethmomaxillary sinus was 47.7% in patients with rhinogenic headaches at RSCM, RSF, and RSP which were evaluated by computer tomography of the paranasal sinuses. There was a significant mean difference between the groups with the degree of septum deviation and the Mladina classification on the NPRS, NOSE, and ESS scores (p<0.05). SEM type 2 has a higher average NPRS score than SEM type 1 but it is not statistically significant. The SEM type had a significant difference between groups in the NOSE and ESS scores (p<0.05). The number of anatomic variations and the ESS score tended to have a significant relationship with the NPRS score (p<0.05). The logistic regression odds ratio for the number of anatomic variations and the ESS score is 4.98E9. Conclusion: The proportion of anatomical variations of septum deviation was found to be the highest in the rhinogenic headache population. The degree of septal deviation and the Mladina classification tend to the degree of rhinogenic headache. The SEM type tends to be associated with nasal obstruction and difficulty breathing during sleep. The amount of anatomic variation and ESS score are predictors for the degree of rhinogenic headache.