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Abstrak :
[Information & communication technology (ICT) and the automotive sector are two of the most important industries in the EU and the US. This title focuses on cluster and network dynamics in both industries, as regional ICT clusters are playing an increasingly central role in many European regions. , Information & communication technology (ICT) and the automotive sector are two of the most important industries in the EU and the US. This title focuses on cluster and network dynamics in both industries, as regional ICT clusters are playing an increasingly central role in many European regions. ]

Abstrak :
In this study, we explore the evolution of a corporate system by analyzing the case of production and employment structures in the Toyota Group. Our findings show that the production structure of the Toyota Group, which has been gradually affected by external, market, and institutional factors since the 1980s, transformed in 2009 from a domestic-oriented production structure to an overseas-oriented production structure. We also determined that since 2004, the domestic employment structure of the Toyota Motor Corporation has evolved to allow the flexible management of worker supply and demand through the hiring of nonregular workers, in response to the amendment to the Worker Dispatching Act. Consequently, the Toyota Group's production and employment structures have evolved to help secure channels that help the company flexibly adjust its output in response to abrupt economic fluctuations.

Abstrak :
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisa bagaimana struktur, perilaku dan kinerja industri mobil di Indonesia pada periode 1983 hingga 2012 dan juga pengaruh besarnya nilai CR4, MES, tingkat efisiensi perusahaan, pertumbuhan output, produktivitas, krisis ekonomi serta variabel gabungan antara CR4 dan MSE terhadap nilai PCM industri mobil di Indonesia. Dari hasil didapati bahwa industri mobil di Indonesia termasuk dalam oligopoli dengan tingkat konsentrasi sedang. Pada industri ini terjadi perilaku differensiasi produk dan juga kerjasama yang dilakukan beberapa produsen dengan cara mengeluarkan produk kolaborasi. Kinerja industri cenderung stabil dan tinggi dengan nilai PCM yang selalu di atas 50 . Selain itu berdasarkan persamaan regresi, terbukti bahwa tingkat efisiensi perusahaan, pertumbuhan output dan produktivitas secara signifikan memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap besarnya PCM industri mobil di Indonesia, sedangkan krisis ekonomi yang terjadi secara signifikan memberikan pengaruh yang negatif terhadap besarnya nilai PCM. Namun untuk variabel CR4 dan MES tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap besarnya nilai PCM.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze how the structure, behavior and performance of Indonesian automobile industry in the period 1983 to 2012 and also the impact of CR4, MES, efficiency, output growth, productivity, economic crisis and also combination variabel of CR4 and MSE on PCM value of Indonesian automobile industry. The result shows that automobile industry in Indonesia in the middle oligopoly level. There are product differentiation behavior and also the cooperation of some manufacturers with their product of collaboration. Industry Performance stable and with high PCM values that above 50 . On the other side, based on regression equation, it is found that efficiency, output and productivity growth significantly give positive effect on the amount of PCM automobile industry in Indonesia, while the economic crisis that significantly give negative influence on the value of PCM. But for the variable CR4 and MES does not give a significant influence on the value of PCM.