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"Penuaan dini pada kulit sering terjadi akibat ketidakseimbangan radikal bebas dan agen antioksidan, menyebabkan hilangnya kelembapan kulit. Daun belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) berpotensi sebagai agen antioksidan dan antipenuaan, namun belum diteliti sebagai inhibitor enzim hialuronidase. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur rendemen, mengidentifikasi metabolit sekunder, menentukan kadar total fenol, mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan, dan aktivitas inhibisi enzim hialuronidase dari ekstrak etanol 70% daun belimbing wuluh yang diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan dengan metode uji warna, kadar total fenol dengan reagen Folin-Ciocalteu, aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH, dan inhibisi enzim hialuronidase dari testis sapi dengan metode turbidimetri. Rendemen ekstraksi maserasi daun belimbing wuluh dengan etanol 70% adalah 21,353%. Ekstrak positif mengandung fenol, flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, steroid, glikosida, dan saponin. Kadar fenol total adalah 85,929 ± 0,232 mgEAG/g ekstrak. Nilai IC50 antioksidan metode DPPH adalah 46,391 ± 0,104 μg/mL, menunjukkan antioksidan sangat kuat. Nilai IC50 antihialuronidase adalah 170,008 ± 3,086 μg/mL, menunjukkan inhibitor lemah. Ekstrak etanol 70% daun belimbing wuluh memiliki potensi sebagai agen antioksidan kuat, namun kurang berpotensi sebagai inhibitor enzim hialuronidase.

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Premature aging of the skin is a common problem today, caused by an imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants in the body, leading to moisture loss in the skin. Wuluh starfruit leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) shows potential as an antioxidant and anti-aging agent for the skin, though it has not been specifically studied for hyaluronidase enzyme inhibition. This study aimed to assess yield, identify secondary metabolites, determine total phenol content, evaluate antioxidant activity, and assess hyaluronidase enzyme inhibition in a 70% ethanol extract of wuluh starfruit leaves using maceration. Phytochemical screening was conducted via color test, total phenol content with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, antioxidant activity with the DPPH method, and hyaluronidase inhibition using a turbidimetric method on bovine testes. The extraction yield of wuluh starfruit leaves with 70% ethanol was 21.353%. The extract tested positive for phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, glycosides, and saponins. Total phenol content was 85.929 ± 0.232 mgGAE/g extract. The IC50 value from the DPPH antioxidant test was 46.391 ± 0.104 μg/mL, indicating very strong antioxidant activity. The IC50 value from the antihyaluronidase test was 170.008 ± 3.086 μg/mL, indicating weak inhibition. Thus, the 70% ethanol extract of wuluh starfruit leaves is a strong antioxidant but a weak hyaluronidase inhibitor."

"Hiperurisemia adalah keadaan dimana produksi berlebihnya ekskresi asam urat dalam tubuh. Xantin oksidase berperan dalam mengkatalisis hipoxantin dan xantin menjadi asam urat. Salah satu pengobatan hiperurisemia adalah menghambat xantin oksidase sehingga produksi asam urat berkurang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas fraksi n-heksana, etil asetat, n-butanol, dan methanol dari daun Averrhoa bilimbi L. dalam menghambat xantin oksidase. Serbuk simplisia di refluks menggunakan etanol, kemudian dilakukan fraksinasi dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, n-Butanol dan methanol secara berurut-urut. Fraksi n-butanol mempunyai IC50 tertinggi dengan nilai 0,06 μg/mL. Uji kinetika enzim menunjukkan bahwa fraksi n-butanol mempunyai aktivitas penghambatan kompetitif. Dari hasil identifikasi yang dilakukan fraksi n-butanol memiliki senyawa glikosida, tannin, dan flavonoid.

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Hyperuricemia is a condition in which excessive excretion of uric acid in the body. Xanthine oxidase plays a role in catalyzing hypoxanthine and xanthine into uric acid. One of the treatments of hyperuricemic is by inhibiting the xanthine oxidase so that the production of uric acid can be reduced.

The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of fraction from n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n- butanol, and methanol from Averrhoa bilimbi L leaves in inhibiting xanthine oxidase. The simplicia powder was refluxed by ethanol, and then fractionated successively by n-hexane, ethyl acetat, n-butanol, and methanol.

Fraction of n- butanol had the highest IC50 value of 0.0623 μg / mL. Kinetic enzyme assay showed that n-butanol fraction had competitive inhibitory activity. From the results of phytochemical identification, the fraction of n-butanol contains glycosides, tannins, and flavonoids."

"ABSTRAKBuah belimbing wuluh Averrhoa bilimbi L. diketahui memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan karena memiliki kandungan vitamin C yang tinggi, kandungan flavonoid, dan senyawa fenolik. Potensi dari buah belimbing wuluh dapat dimanfaatkan dan diolah menjadi berbagai produk, salah satunya adalah produk kosmetik yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formula gel sabun pembersih wajah yang mengandung ekstrak buah belimbing wuluh dengan konsentrasi ekstrak sebesar 3 , 4 , dan 5 dan menguji aktivitas antioksidan dari setiap formula dengan metode peredaman DPPH 2,2-difenil-1-pikrihidrazil , serta dilakukan uji stabilitas fisik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dimiliki oleh formula 3 dengan konsentrasi ekstrak sebesar 5 dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 16.022,481 ppm ?g/ml . Selain itu ketiga formula stabil secara fisik dalam tiga suhu, yaitu suhu 28 2 C, 40 2 C, dan 4 2 C selama 12 minggu, serta tidak mengalami sineresis pada cycling test. Gel sabun pembersih wajah yang mengandung ekstrak etanol buah belimbing wuluh Averrhoa bilimbi L. stabil secara fisik selama 12 minggu penyimpanan dan memilki penampilan fisik yang baik.

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ABSTRAKAverrhoa bilimbi L. fruit has a potential as an antioxidant because it contains high vitamin C, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. Its potential can be utilized into various products, and one of them is as a cosmetic product that has antioxidant activity. The purpose of present study was formulating facial wash in gel form which contain 3 , 4 , and 5 ethanol fruits extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi L. and evaluating the antioxidant activities from all gels with radical scavenging method using the DPPH 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl radical and also evaluating the physical stability of gels. The results showed that gel formula 3 which contain 5 of ethanol fruits extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi L. has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 16.022,481 ppm g ml . Physical stability test showed that all gels were physically stable in three different temperatures, which were in 28 2 C, 40 2 C, and 4 2 C, for 12 weeks and there was not syneresis in cycling test. Therefore, it can be concluded that gels which contain ethanol fruits extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi L. were physically stable during 12 weeks of storage and had good appearance."

"Averrhoa bilimbi L. merupakan tanaman suku Oxalidaceae yang telah dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional karena memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi, namun masih jarang dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan topikal dan perawatan kulit. Ekstrak etanol 70% tanaman ini telah dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, tetapi belum terdapat penelitian terkait enzim yang berperan dalam proses penuaan dini seperti enzim elastase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil rendemen dan kadar air, kandungan senyawa fitokimia, kadar flavonoid total, aktivitas antioksidan metode FRAP, dan uji penghambatan aktivitas enzim elastase dari ekstrak. Metode ekstraksi dilakukan dengan maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%, skrining fitokimia dengan kromatografi lapis tipis, penetapan flavonoid total metode kolorimetri dengan standar rutin, pengujian aktivitas antioksidan metode FRAP dengan standar FeSO4.7H2O dan kontrol positif asam askorbat, serta pengujian antielastase menggunakan porcine pancreatic elastase, substrat N-suksinil-Ala-Ala-Ala-p-nitroanilin, dan kontrol positif epigalokatekin galat (EGCG). Berdasarkan hasil ekstraksi, didapatkan ekstrak kental dengan kadar air 7,5% dan rendemen 21,35% yang positif mengandung senyawa golongan fenol, flavonoid, alkaloid, dan terpenoid, dengan kadar flavonoid total 64,5063±0,44 mg ER/g ekstrak. Pengujian antioksidan FRAP menunjukkan ekstrak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan 20,2295±0,29  g ekuivalen FeSO4/100g ekstrak, sedangkan asam askorbat 308,9458±2,41 g ekuivalen FeSO4/100 g asam askorbat. Pada uji aktivitas penghambatan elastase, ekstrak tidak aktif menghambat aktivitas enzim karena  memiliki aktivitas penghambatan 7,21%  pada konsentrasi 300 ppm, 14,72% pada 400 ppm, dan 29,73% pada 500 ppm, sedangkan EGCG memiliki nilai IC50 39,14 µg/mL. Dengan demikian, disimpulkan ekstrak etanol 70% daun belimbing wuluh memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode FRAP yang lebih rendah dibandingkan asam askorbat dan tidak aktif menghambat elastase.

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Averrhoa bilimbi L. is a plant of the Oxalidaceae tribe that has been used as a traditional medicine because it has high antioxidant activity, but is still rarely used for topical treatment and skin care. The 70% ethanol extract of this plant has been reported to have antioxidant activity, but there is no research related to enzymes that play a role in the process of premature aging such as the elastase enzyme. This study aimed to determine the yield and water content, phytochemical compound content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity of FRAP method, and elastase enzyme activity inhibition test of the extract. The extraction method was carried out by maceration using 70% ethanol, phytochemical screening by thin layer chromatography, determination of total flavonoids by colorimetric method with rutin standard, FRAP method antioxidant activity testing with FeSO4.7H2O standard and ascorbic acid positive control, and elastase enzyme inhibition activity testing using porcine pancreatic elastase, N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala-p-nitroaniline substrate, and epigalocatechin gallate (EGCG) positive control. Based on the extraction results, a thick extract with a moisture content of 7.5% and a yield of 21.35% was obtained which positively contained phenol, flavonoid, alkaloid, and terpenoid compounds, with a total flavonoid content of 64.5063 ± 0.44 mg ER/g extract. FRAP antioxidant testing showed the extract had antioxidant activity of 20.2295 ± 0.29 FeSO4 equivalents/100 g extract, while ascorbic acid was 308.9458 ± 2.41 FeSO4 equivalents/100 g ascorbic acid. In the elastase inhibition activity test, the extract was not active in inhibiting enzyme activity because it had an inhibitory activity of 7.21% at a concentration of 300 ppm, 14.72% at 400 ppm, and 29.73% at 500 ppm, while EGCG had an IC50 value of 39.14 µg/mL. Thus, it is concluded that 70% ethanol extract of belimbing wuluh leaves has antioxidant activity with the FRAP method which is lower than ascorbic acid and is not active in inhibiting elastase."

"Manusia memerlukan antioksidan untuk mencegah terjadinya stres oksidatif yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi kulit yaitu hiperpigmentasi kulit. Peristiwa tersebut berhubungan dengan aktivitas enzim tirosinase yang berkontribusi dalam pembentukan pigmen melanin kulit sehingga diperlukan penghambatan enzim tirosinase untuk menjaga kulit tetap cerah. Tanaman belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) yang berasal dari famili Oxalidaceae, merupakan salah satu tanaman yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Daun belimbing wuluh terbukti sebagai sumber antioksidan dan anti-tirosinase alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi fragmen pengenal dan jaringan khas dari simplisia, persentase rendemen, persentase kadar air, aktivitas antioksidan, dan aktivitas anti-tirosinase. Pengujian mikroskopik dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Daun belimbing wuluh diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan metode ABTS dengan standar asam askorbat dan penghambatan enzim tirosinase yang berasal dari jamur spesies Agaricus bisporus dengan standar asam kojat dan substrat L-DOPA yang dianalisa menggunakan microplate reader. Hasil pengamatan mikroskopik diperoleh rambut penutup, epidermis atas dengan dinding yang sedikit berkelok, epidermis bawah dengan dinding yang berkelok disertai stomata dan rambut penutup, stomata tipe parasitik, urat daun, dan pembuluh kayu dengan penebalan tangga. Rendemen hasil ekstraksi diperoleh dari metode maserasi sebesar 21,353% dengan kadar air 6,978%. Hasil nilai IC50 uji ABTS sebesar 22,052±0,157 μg/mL tergolong antioksidan sangat kuat. Hasil uji anti-tirosinase menunjukkan aktivitas anti-tirosinase kuat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 76,598±0,749¼g/mL. Dapat disimpulkan, ekstrak etanol 70% daun belimbing wuluh memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat dan anti-tirosinase yang kuat.

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Humans need antioxidants to prevent oxidative stress which can cause skin function disorders which is hyperpigmentation. This case is related to enzyme tyrosinase activity which contributes in the production of melanin pigment, so tyrosinase enzyme inhibition is needed to maintain skin brightness. Wuluh starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) which belongs to the Oxalidaceae family, is one of the plants used as traditional medicine. Wuluh starfruit leaves have been proven to be a source of antioxidants and anti-tyrosinase. This research aimed to determine the identification of fragments and specific tissues of simplicia, percentage yield, percentage water content, antioxidant activity, and anti-tyrosinase activity. Microscopic was carried out using a light microscope. Wuluh starfruit was extracted by maceration with 70% ethanol solvent. Antioxidant activity testing using ABTS method with ascorbic acid standard and inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme derived from fungus Agaricus bisporus species with kojic acid standard and L-DOPA substrate, were analyzed using a microplate reader. Microscopic observations showed the presence of cover hair, upper epidermis with slightly curved walls, lower epidermis with curved walls with stomata and cover hair, parasitic type stomata, leaf veins, and ladder-like wood vessels. The yield obtained from the maceration extraction method was 21,353% with a water content 6,978%. The IC50 value of ABTS test was 22,052±0,157 μg/mL, classified as a very strong antioxidant. The anti-tyrosinase test results showed strong anti-tyrosinase activity with an IC50 value of 76,598±0,749¼g/mL. It can be concluded that the 70% ethanol extract of wuluh starfruit leaves has very strong antioxidant and strong anti-tyrosinase."

"ABSTRAKOxalidaceae is family of star fruit consist of 6 genera with around 775 species distributed in tropical areas. Averrhoa is a genus among all genera. To 2007 only two species were known as member of the genus, namely Averrhoa bilimbi L. and Averrhoa carambola L. Based on data of garden books at registration collection sub division, center for plant concervation botanic garden, Indonesian Institute of science, A. bilimbi has been recorded as a collection since 1823. It was cultivated at VII.D.3 3a under the name belimbing besi as a local name, originated from java."