Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
"Providing the world's growing population with its increasing demands for energy is a major challenge for science, business and society alike. Energy can be generated from many sources, but not all sources are suitable for every application. Much of today's technology has been built on solid, liquid and gaseous fuels derived from fossil sources. However, the supply of these is finite and their combustion produces carbon dioxide, one of the gases responsible for global warming. Therefore, alternative sources of energy are required which are renewable, sustainable and carbon neutral.". "This textbook explores the production of biofuels as alternatives to fossil fuels, focusing on the technological issues that need to be addressed for any new fuel source. Each type of biofuel currently in production is considered in detail, covering the benefits and problems with production and use and the potential for biological material to provide sufficient energy for the world's population - the principles on which future fuel development are based."--BOOK JACKET. Contents Energy and fossil fuel use Consequences of burning fossil fuel Mitigation of global warming Biological solid fuels Gaseous biofuels Liquid biofuels to replace petrol Liquid biofuels to replace diesel The benefits and deficiencies of biofuels.

Abstrak :
Indonesia memiliki potensi CPO yang sangat besar. Salah satu solusi menghadapi krisis BBM serta permasalahan kualitas udara akibat emisi adalah pemanfaatan CPO sebagai bahan baku biodiesel. Telah dilakukan analisis life cycle biodiesel berbahan baku CPO di Indonesia tahun 2010 dengan model di kota Medan, Jakarta, Bandung, dan Surabaya. Analisis life cycle dibatasi pada proses transportasi CPO, produksi biodiesel, transportasi biodiesel, dan transportasi campuran biodiesel (B- 5); sehingga diperoleh data efisiensi energi life cycle dan rasio energi fosil (REF). Untuk menghitung nilai REF dibuat tiga model: (1) transportasi CPO, produksi biodiesel, transportasi biodisel dan transportasi B-5 menggunakan bahan bakar 100% solar (B-0); (2) transportasi CPO, produksi biodiesel, transportasi biodisel dan transportasi B-5 menggunakan bahan bakar campuran 95% solar dan 5% biodiesel (B-5); dan (3) transportasi CPO, transportasi biodisel dan transportasi B-5 menggunakan bahan bakar B-5, sedangkan produksi biodiesel menggunakan 100% biodiesel (B-100). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi energi life cycle paling tinggi diperoleh di Bandung (33%), diikuti oleh Jakarta (32%), Medan (26%), dan Surabaya (21%). Secara keseluruhan (nasional) energi efisiensi life cycle adalah 27%. Dari ketiga model yang digunakan pada umumnya nilai REF < 1. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa biodiesel adalah bahan bakar non renewable . Nilai REF>1 yang berarti biodiesel renewable ditunjukkan pada model 3 di wilayah Jakarta dan Bandung, masing masing 1,19 dan 1,89.

---

Indonesia has very big potential of Palm Oil (CPO). Use the palm oil biodiesel as fuel is a solution for fosil fuel crisis and air pollution because of emission problem.Life cycle analysis (LCA) of palm oil biodiesel in Indonesia at 2010 was studiedn with models of Medan, Jakarta, Bandung, and Surabaya s case. Scope of LCA studies are CPO transportation, biodiesel production, biodiesel transportation, and biodiesel mix (B-5); to get the energy efficiency life cycle models and fosil energy ratio (FER). There are three models to count FER value: (1) CPO transportation, biodiesel production, biodiesel transportation and B-5 transportation process used 100% fosil fuel (B-0); (2) CPO transportation, biodiesel production, biodiesel transportation and B-5 transportation process used mixed fuel of 95% fosil diesel oil and 5% biodiesel (B-5); and (3) CPO transportation biodiesel transportation and B- 5 transportation process used B-5, biodiesel production process used 100% biodiesel fuel (B-100). Result of simulation showed the highest energy efficiency life cycle was in Bandung (33%), followed by Jakarta (32%), Medan (26%), and Surabaya (21%). From the three models, usually FER value <1 or palm oil biodiesel is non renewable fuel. FER value >1 mean palm oil biodiesel is renewable fuel showed by third model for Jakarta and Bandung, each 1,19 and 1,89.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Banyaknya penggunaan energi fosil sebagai sumber energi yang digunakan pada transportasi serta menipisnya cadangan sumber energi fosil. Membuat Pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan dalam pemanfaatan Energi Baru Terbarukan, yang salah satunya Permen ESDM No. 12 Tahun 2015 jo. Permen ESDM 32 Tahun 2008 Tentang Penyediaan, Pemanfaatan dan Tata Niaga Bahan Bakar Nabati (Biofuel) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain. Kebijakan ini mewajibkan pencampuran biodiesel untuk sektor transportasi (PSO dan Non-PSO), industri, rumah tangga dan pembangkit listrik hingga tahun 2025 sebesar 30%. Untuk mendukung kewajiban pencampuran tersebut, Pemerintah menerbitkan Perpres 66 Tahun 2018 dan Permen ESDM 45 Tahun 2018 untuk membantu pembiayaan atas selisih harga jual antara BBM Solar dan biodiesel dalam hal penyediaan dan pemanfaatan bahan bakar nabati jenis biodiesel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis-nomatif, dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan tersier. Selanjutnya data dianalisi menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, sehingga menghasilkan penelitian preskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penerapan kebijakan mandatory pemanfaatan biodiesel belum sepenuhnya berjalan optimal, hal ini dikarenakan masih terdapat kurangnya infrastruktur dalam pengembangan bahan bakar nabati jenis biodiesel. Akan tetapi, dengan adanya bantuan dana dari BPDP-KS dalam hal penyediaan biodiesel sudah dapat dikategorikan berhasil dengan menurunnya devisa impor energy fosil, meskipun tujuan dari penggunaan dana tersebut tidaklah semuanya tepat sasaran.

---

ABSTRACT
The many uses of fossil energy as energy sources used in transportation and depletion of reserves of fossil energy sources. Making the Government issue a policy on the use of New and Renewable Energy, one of which is the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 12 of 2015 jo. ESDM Regulation 32 of 2008 concerning Provision, Utilization and Commerce of Biofuel as Other Fuels. This policy requires the mixing of biodiesel for the transportation sector (PSO and Non-PSO), industry, households and power plants until 2025 by 30%. To support this mixing obligation, the Government issued Presidential Regulation 66 of 2018 and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation 45 of 2018 to help finance the difference between the selling price of diesel fuel and biodiesel in the provision and utilization of biodiesel. This study uses a juridical-nomative method, using secondary data consisting of primary and tertiary legal materials. Furthermore, the data is analyzed using a qualitative approach, resulting in prescriptive research. Based on the results of the study, the implementation of mandatory policies on the use of biodiesel is not yet fully optimal, this is because there is still a lack of infrastructure in the development of biodiesel fuels. However, with the financial assistance from BPDP-KS in the case of biodiesel supply, it can already be categorized as successful by decreasing foreign exchange imports of fossil energy, even though the purpose of using these funds is not all on target.

Abstrak :
ILUC is the abbreviation for Indirect Land Use Change. ILUC predictions mainly depend on the assumptions about how the additional agricultural demand for biomass production is covered. But iLUC due to agricultural growth varied strongly in the past among the different regions worldwide. Therefore, we analyzed the correlation between the development of the agricultural production and the land use changes and investigated which options (expansion of the agricultural area, increasing productivity, forest clearing etc.) supplied the feedstock demand for the growing agriculture sector in the past. Our investigations altogether show what the essential option for the increase of the biomass production has been and how it is related to the intensification of the usage of existing agricultural area, globally and even in countries with a high deforestation rate. Besides this the analysis of the main drivers of land use change in the past due to agriculture growth is essential for iLUC predictions and prevention policy. One driver was the loss of agricultural land in important areas all over the world. Our analysis shows that governance has a central influence on the development of land use. If the decoupling of production increase from the expansion of agricultural area for biomass production into nature areas wants to be achieved, it will have to happen via governance in the relevant countries. Therefore, instruments have to be developed and implemented that are able to regulate land use sophistically corresponding to the individual countries.

Abstrak :
Ketergantungan bahan bakar fosil di Indonesia memicu penggunaan biosolar dari CPO sebagai campuran bahan bakar fosil. Kebijakan ambisius pencampuran biosolar ditetapkan sebesar 20% namun hingga saat ini belum terpenuhi (12,7%) karena kualitas dari B20 yang memiliki kandungan air tinggi sehingga dapat merusak mesin kendaraan sedangkan pencampuran bioethanol belum diterapkan sama sekali dikarenakan aspek biaya. Oleh sebab itu, dibutuhkan alternatif lainnya agar dapat menaikkan penggunaan bahan bakar bersih sesuai yang diinginkan. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan optimisasi sistem bahan bakar jangka panjang dengan minimum total biaya sistem hingga tahun 2050 menggunakan TIMES-VEDA pada spesifikasi kualitas bahan bakar tertentu yang dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan suplai bahan baku sehingga diperoleh campuran bahan bakar yang optimum.Teknologi biofuel yang ditinjau adalah FAME, HVO, FT-Diesel, Bioethanol generasi pertama dan kedua. Hasil yang diperoleh untuk skenario IND-EURO adalah campuran FAME 50% di tahun 2020-2030 dan campuran FAME 47%-HVOSMR 53% di tahun 2035-2050. Untuk skenario EURO-SULPHUR IND di tahun 2020 adalah HVOSMR 30% sedangkan FAME 20% untuk tahun 2025-2030 dan campuran FAME 47%-HVOSMR 53% di tahun 2035-2050. Untuk skenario EURO adalah campuran FAME 47%-HVOSMR 53% di tahun 2020-2030 dan FAME 20% di tahun 2035-2050. Untuk campuran bensin semua skenario di tahun 2020 adalah Ethanol 5% dan Ethanol-Ethanol2G 20% ditahun 2035-2050. Perbedaan campuran Ethanol terjadi di skenario EURO untuk tahun 2025-2030 yaitu lebih rendah 5% sehingga pengurangan bahan bakar minyak masing-masing skenario secara berurut adalah 79%, 67% dan 55% untuk solar sedangkan 19%, 19% dan 17% untuk bensin. ......Renewable fuel as a mix with petroleum fuel is one of solution to decrease the use of fossil fuels in Indonesia. The ambitious policy is to mix 20% of biosolar from CPO but until now still not meet the target (12.7%) due to the poor quality of B20 and for mix of bioethanol has not been implemented due to lack of financial support. Therefore, alternative renewable fuels are needed in order to meet the target. In this study, we apply optimization with a minimum total system cost up to 2050 using TIMES-VEDA on certain fuel quality specifications that are affected by the availability of raw material supply so that the optimum fuel blending is obtained. The biofuel technology reviewed is FAME, HVO, FT Diesel, Bioethanol first and second generation. The results obtained for the IND-EURO scenario are a blend of FAME 50% in 2020-2030 and blend of FAME 47% -HVOSMR 53% in 2035-2050. The scenario of EURO-SULPHUR IND has fuel mix HVOSMR 30% in 2020, FAME 20% for 2025-2030 and have same percentage of blend with scenario IND-EURO for 2035-2050. The EURO scenario has fuel blending of FAME 47%-HVOSMR 53% in 2020-2030 and FAME20% in 2035-2050. For all scenario gasoline blends are Ethanol 5% in 2020 and combination Ethanol-Ethanol2G 20% in the 2035-2050. Ethanol blend for scenario of EURO has 5% lower rather than other scenario in 2035-2050. Biofuel mix can reduce consumption diesel and gasoline respectively for each scenario are 79%, 67% and 55% and 19%, 19% and 17%.

Abstrak :
Artikel ini menelisik strategi untuk menghadapi tantangan krisis energi. Strategi ini dikernbangkan dengan cara menganalisis penyebab krisis energi, yang didukung oleh analisis situasi dengan menggunakan SWOT (strength, weaknesses, opportunities, dan threats) yang dihadapi oleh negara. Dengan mengunakan studi kasus dari Britania dan Indonesia, hasil-hasilnya menyodorlcan strategi-strategi alternatif guna menangani krisis yang mencakup penghematan energi yang berasal dari fosil dan mengembangkan energi alternatif.

Abstrak :
Abstract This paper attempts to examine the impact of rising fossil fuel prices on the increasing impact on the demand of alternative fuels (biofuels), and its impact on food availability in Indonesia. An econometric model using simultaneous equations is employed. An increase in world crude oil price for 0,192 percent caused the price of real Indonesian palm oil export raised by 10,64 percent. Consequently, a larger biodiesel production is needed to meet their crease of world's consumer demand for biodiesel. Also, with the increase in real export price of Indonesian palm oil, it will encourage palm oil producers to push their export volume. Indonesian palm oil exporter expected to increase by 6,37 percent to finally push the domestic CPO price increase for 1,85 percent. Rising domestic oil prices are causing oil demand in the palm oil industry to decline by 0,49 percent and in the end resulting in the decline of palm oil production by 1,56 percent.

Abstrak :
Ketersediaan bahan bakar minyak bumi yang tidak terbarukan memaksa manusia untuk beralih ke sumber energi alternatif. Saat ini minyak bumi mendominasi untuk sumber utama bahan bakar untuk motor bakar. Energi yang terbarukan merupakan salah satu solusi untuk menghadapi persoalan ini. Salah satu sumber energi yang terbarukan adalah Bioethanol. Dalam penelitian sebelumnya dilakukan rancang bangun compact distillator dengan memanfaatkan gas buang dari motor bakar sebagai alat utama pengolahan ethanol. Tujuannya adalah ingin menghasilkan produk ethanol layak menjadi bahan bakar yaitu ethanol dengan kadar diatas 90%. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengontrolan temperatur pada evaporator dengan beban 300 Watt dimana pada penelitian sebelumnya didapat kesimpulan pada beban 300 Watt didapatkan hasil maksimal untuk mampu memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi bahan bakar pada Genset. Pada temperature 90°C yang dikontrol pada evaporator menghasilkan hasil yang maksimal yaitu mampu memenuhi fuel consumtion untuk genset. Pada temperature 85°C yang dikontrol pada evaporator menghasilkan kadar alkohol yang tinggi tetapi tidak memenuhi fuel consumtion. Pada temperatur 90°C dapat disimpulkan didapatkan hasil maksimal dikarenakan dapat memenuhi fuel consumtion juga kadar yang cukup tinggi. Gas buang pada temperatur 95°C memiliki Kadar CO rendah (±1,2 % Vol), HC rendah (±150 ppm Vol). ......The availability of non renewable petroleum fuels force people change to alternative energy sources. Currently petroleum dominated for the main source of fuel for combustion. Renewable energy is one solution to deal with this issue. One source of renewable energy is Bioethanol. In a previous study conducted distillator compact design by utilizing exhaust gases from motor fuels as a primary means of ethanol processing. The goal is to produce viable products into fuel ethanol is ethanol with levels above 90%. In this study, conducted at the evaporator temperature control with a load of 300 Watt which this conclusions obtained in previous studies on the load 300 Watts has maximum results obtained to be able of consumption needs of fuel on the genset. At 90°C temperature-controlled at the evaporator produces maximum that is able to meet the fuel consumtion for the genset. At 85°C temperature-controlled at the evaporator produces high konsentris of alcohol but did not meet of fuel consumtion. At temperatures of 90°C can be concluded get the most out due to meet the fuel consumtion and also has high konsentris of alcohol. Gas have low levels of CO (± 1.2% Vol), low HC (± 150 ppm Vol).