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"ABSTRAKA natural-based nanocomposite film consisting of chitosan, montmorillonite (MMT) and cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) was synthesized. The nanocomposite was prepared by mixing a suspension of clay particles (filler, MMT) with a solution containing chitosan as the macroscopic polymer matrix. In this study, it was proposed that non-ionic long-chain alkylmolecules with possible interact ions with the amine group of chitosan could be used as a plasticizer. As a natu-ral source for these compounds, an extract of CNSL was used. A series of chitosan/MMT com-posite samples containing two different clay contents and a sample with an additional CNSL were prepared. FTIR spectroscopy of the nanocomposite films indicated that, by addition of CNSL, amide groups of the chitosan are probably less attached and have more space for vibration. CNSL seems to provide intermolecular spaces between the chitosan molecules. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed that the composite containedparticles measuring 100 nm or less, which confirmed that the nanocomposite had been successfully produced by this method. Addition of CNSL as plasticizer improved the tensile strength by 10% and the elastic modulus by almost 18%. Cell growth was observed on all the nanocomposite samples studied."

"Dalam penelitian ini, zeolit KNaX (rasio molar Si/Al = 1,24) disintesis dari kaolin yang berasal dari Pulau Belitung di Indonesia. Zeolit KNaX tersebut digunakan sebagai katalis pada reaksi antara minyak kulit biji mete yang mengandung gugus ?OH fenolik dan karboksil ?COOH dengan metanol menggunakan pelarut DMSO untuk diaplikasikan sebagai biopelumas. Produk katalitik diekstrak menggunakan campuran pelarut etil asetat dan n-heksan dengan perbandingan volume 1:1. Fasa organik dipisahkan dan diuapkan untuk menghilangkan pelarut dan dianalisis menggunakan FTIR & GC-MS.Hasil analisis dengan FT-IR menunjukkan telah terjadi reaksi O-metilasi dan esterifikasi dengan terbentuknya gugus ?OCH3 pada bilangan gelombang 2876,61 cm-1 dan gugus karbonil dari ester pada bilangan gelombang 1732,80 cm-1. Hal ini juga diperkuat dari data GC-MS menunjukkan adanya kenaikan berat molekul dari m/z 300 menjadi m/z 328, mengindikasikan adanya penambahan 2 gugus CH3. Produk reaksi katalitik dikarakterisasi terhadap beberapa parameter pelumas dan diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: viskositas suhu 40°C = 35,2 cSt dan viskositas suhu 100°C = 4,1 cSt, TAN = 0,88 mg KOH/g sampel, TBN = 2,09 mg KOH/g sampel, densitas = 0,9902, flash point = 120°C dan pour point = -27°C. Selanjutnya dilakukan variasi jumlah pelarut DMSO dan persen berat katalis zeolit KNaX untuk mendapatkan nilai TAN lebih rendah sesuai spesifikasi biopelumas.

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In this research, KNaX zeolite (molar ratio Si/Al = 1,24) was synthesized from kaolin, originating from Belitung Island in Indonesia. KNaX zeolite was used as catalyst in the reaction between cashew nut shell liquid containing phenolic ?OH group and carboxylic ?COOH with methanol using the solvent DMSO for the application as biolubricant. The reaction product was extracted using mixed solvents of ethyl acetate and n-hexane 1:1. The organic phase was separated and evaporated to remove the solvents and was analyzed using FTIR and GC-MS.The FT-IR spectra showed the result of O-methylation and esterification reactions by the formation of ?OCH3 group at 2876,61 cm-1 and carbonyl group from ester at 1732.80 cm-1. These results were also confirmed by the GC-MS analysis result, which showed an increase in molecular weight of m/z 300 to m/z 328, indicating the addition of 2 CH3 groups. The catalysis reaction products were characterized toward several parameters of lubricant which showed the following results: Viscosity 40°C = 35,2 cSt and viscosity temperature of 100°C = 4,1 cSt, TAN = 0,88 mg KOH/g sample, TBN = 2,09 mg KOH/g sample, density = 0,9902, flash point = 120°C and pour point = -27°C. Furthermore, the amount of used DMSO solvent and the percentage of weight catalyst were varied to obtain the reduced TAN values as required for biolubricant."