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Abstrak :
Penggunaan herbal jamu sebagai obat alternatif makin marak di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia. Jamu ”RMK” merupakan produk herbal jamu yang mengandung kombinasi minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit (Curcumae domestica Rhizoma), minyak atsiri rimpang temulawak (Curcumae Rhizoma), dan kurkuminoid rimpang kunyit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antiinflamasi pemberian jamu “RMK per oral terhadap udem yang diinduksi oleh injeksi 0,4 ml karaginan 2% secara subplantar. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Winter yang telah dimodifikasi pada 60 ekor tikus betina yang dibagi secara acak menjadi 6 kelompok. Empat kelompok diberikan suspensi jamu dengan masing-masing formula I, II, III, dan IV dalam CMC 2% sebanyak 3 ml/200 g bb, 30 menit sebelum induksi karaginan. Kelompok V sebagai kontrol positif diberikan suspensi natrium diklofenak dalam CMC 2% dengan dosis 9 mg /200 g bb per oral, dan kelompok VI sebagai kontrol negatif diberikan minyak kedelai dalam CMC 2% dengan dosis 100 mg/200 g bb per oral. Volume udem diukur menggunakan pletismometer pada jam ke- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 setelah induksi karaginan. Hasil perhitungan persentase penghambatan udem menunjukkan bahwa formula jamu “RMK” yang memiliki efek penghambatan udem berturut-turut mulai dari terbesar hingga terkecil adalah formula IV, II, III, dan I. Hasil analisis statistik keempat formula jamu memperlihatkan efek antiinflamasi yang bermakna dibandingkan dengan iv kontrol negatif pada jam kedua hingga jam keenam setelah induksi karaginan, namun efeknya lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan efek antiinflamasi natrium diklofenak.

Abstrak :
One species of the red algae (Rhodophyceae) resulted from carrageenan is Eucgeuma cottonii. This algae is cultured intensively in Madura island espicially in district of Sumenep in village of Pekandangan - Buto. Production of E. cottonii in Sumenep - Madura rised over the last years but extraction of carrageenan has not been performed extensively. Unfortunately, it has been exported to abroad in dried from used as raw materials either food or non food industry. The objective of this research is to stydy the influence of extraction method of carrageenan on its quality. The best carrageenan quality was resulted by the modification of extraction metod by using cold alkali treatment so this method can be considered as alternative methods. The carrageenan quality that serulted from this methods is one the standard suggested by food and agriculture Organization,

Abstrak :
Karagenan merupakan bahan pangan alamiah yang mengandung serat cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh serat pangan karagenan pada parameter lipid darah mencit jantan hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia dan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Agustus 2011 sampai Maret 2012. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif; mencit normokolesterolemia yang diberikan pakan standar, kontrol positif; mencit hiperkolesterolemia tanpa suplementasi karagenan, kelompok perlakuan; kelompok mencit hiperkolesterolemia yang diberikan suplementasi karagenan 15%, 30%, dan 46%. Kadar serat makanan tidak larut pada masing-masing pakan mencit percobaan ialah 6,92; 8,75; 10,48; 12,27; dan 14,05%. Parameter yang diukur ialah bobot badan, konsentrasi kolesterol total serum, hati, dan feses, serta kadar trigliserida, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), dan glukosa dalam serum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan suplementasi karagenan sebesar 46% menurunkan bobot badan sebesar 7,99%, kadar total kolesterol sebesar 18,78%, trigliserida sebesar 17,53%, dan LDL sebesar 71,33%, serta meningkatkan HDL sebesar 15,59−20,47%. Suplementasi serat pangan karagenan dapat menurunkan kandungan kolesterol hati sebesar 38,46% dan meningkatkan pembuangan kolesterol melalui feses sebesar 57,07%. Suplementasi serat pangan karagenan sebesar 46% dalam diet hiperkolesterolemik dapat memperbaiki parameter lipid darah mencit hiperkolesterolemia.

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The Carrageenan Dietary Fiber Suplementation in Feed to Improving Blood Lipid Parameters of Hypercholesterolemic Mice. Carrageenan is example of food with high content of fiber. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of carrageenan supplementations on blood lipid parameters of hypercholesterolemic male mice. The experiment were done at animal cages Departemen of Biology Education, Indonesia University of Education and Fisiology Laboratory Faculty of Veteriner Medicine, Bogor Agricultural Institute on August 2011 until March 2012. The experimental mice were assigned into a completely randomized design with 5 treatments i.e., negative control group; normocholesterolemic mice fed with a standard diet, positive control group; hypercholesterolemic mice fed with a standard diet without carrageenan supplementation, treatments group; hypercholesterolemic mice feds with supplemented with 15%, 30%, and 46% carrageenan. The nonsoluble content of dietary fiber in the experimental treatments were 6.92, 8.75, 10.48, 12.27, and 14.05%, respectively. The parameters measured were body weight, cholesterol levels of blood serum, liver and feces, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and glucose levels. Supplementation of carrageenan as a source of dietary fiber increased serum HDL concentrations, and decreased body weight, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL concentrations of hypercholesterolemic male mice without a significant effect on serum glucose consentrations. Hypercholesterolemic mice fed with a supplemented with 46% carrageenan decreased body weight by 7.99%, total serum cholesterol by 18.78%, triglyceride by 17.53%, LDL by 71.33%, and increased HDL by 15.59−20.47%. Carrageenan supplementation reduce liver cholesterol levels by 38.46% and increased cholesterol excretion through feces by 57.07%. Supplementation of 46% carrageenan in hipercholesterolemic fed is effective in improving blood lipid parameters of hypercholesterolemic male mice.

Abstrak :
Hipertensi tidak terkontrol merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang penting karena berkaitan dengan kesakitan ataupun kematian akibat penyakit kardiocerebrovaskular. Salah satu penyebab terjadinya hipertensi tidak terkontrol adalah peningkatan berat badan/IMT. Penelitian longitudinal mengenai pengaruh peningkatan IMT terhadap kejadian hipertensi tidak terkontrol masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran dan trend prevalensi hipertensi tidak terkontrol selama 6 tahun, dan pengaruh peningkatan IMT terhadap kejadian hipertensi tidak terkontrol. Menggunakan desain longitudinal pada data Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko Tidak Menular tahun 2011-2018. Populasi adalah kelompok usia 25-65 tahun yang telah mengalami hipertensi pada awal penelitian, kemudian dipantau setiap tahun selama 6 tahun. Sampel berjumlah 924 pada awal penelitian, dengan respond rate 75% – 88%. Analisis data menggunakan GEE. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dalam periode pemantauan selama 6 tahun, prevalensi hipertensi tidak terkontrol pada orang dewasa di Kota Bogor adalah sebesar 62,7% pada tahun pertama 67,6% pada tahun kedua, 64,2% pada tahun ketiga, 63,3% pada tahun keempat, 71% pada tahun kelima, dan 73,6% pada tahun keenam. Terjadi kecenderungan peningkatan kejadian hipertensi tidak terkontrol pada beberapa tahun terakhir pemantauan. Dari hasil analisis GEE pada semua kelompok subjek, risiko terjadinya hipertensi tidak terkontrol sebesar 1.163 kali (OR 1.163; 95% CI: 0.970-1.394) pada subjek yang mengalami peningkatan IMT ≥ 1 kg/m2 dalam satu tahun dibandingkan subjek yang tidak mengalami peningkatan IMT, setelah dikontrol oleh umur, status merokok dan tahun pemantauan. Sedangkan pada kelompok dengan status gizi normal dan berlebih yang kemudian mengalami peningkatan IMT ≥ 1 kg/m2 dalam satu tahun, memiliki risiko lebih besar untuk mengalami hipertensi tidak terkontrol, dengan OR 1,513 (95% CI: 1.020-2.244) dan OR 1,968 (95% CI: 0,963 –3.754) dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang sama yang tidak mengalami peningkatan IMT. Dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi program pengendalian hipertensi di Indonesia.

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Uncontrolled hypertension is an important health problem because it is associated with morbidity and mortality due to cardiocerebrovascular disease. One of the causes of uncontrolled hypertension is an increase in body weight/BMI. Longitudinal studies regarding the effect of increasing BMI on the incidence of uncontrolled hypertension are still limited. This study aims to obtain an overview and trend of prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension for 6 years, and the effect of increasing BMI on the incidence of uncontrolled hypertension. Using longitudinal data on the Cohort Study of NCD Risk Factors in 2011 - 2018. The population was the age group 25-65 years who have experienced hypertension at the start of the study, then monitored every year for 6 years. The sample amounted to 924 at the beginning of the study, with a respond rate of 75%-88%. Analysis data with GEE. The results showed that in the 6-year monitoring period, the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension on adults in Bogor City was 62.7% in the first year; 67.6% in the second year, 64.2% in the third year, 63.3% in the fourth year, 71% in the fifth year, and 73.6% in the sixth year. There was a trend that the incidence of uncontrolled hypertension increased in the last few years of monitoring. From the results of GEE analysis in all groups of subjects, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension was 1.163 times (OR 1.163; 95% CI: 0.970-1.394) in subjects who experienced an increase in BMI ≥ 1 kg/m2 in one year compared to subjects who did not experience an increase in BMI, after being controlled by age, smoking status and year of monitoring. Whereas in the group with normal and overweight who then experienced an increase in BMI ≥ 1 kg/m2 in one year, had a greater risk of developing uncontrolled hypertension, with OR 1.513 (95% CI: 1.020-2.244) and OR 1,968 (95 % CI: 0,963 –3.754) compared to the same group that did not experience an increase in BMI. The results of this study are expected to be an input for hypertension control programs in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Ekstrak kacang kapri diketahui berkhasiat sebagai zat aktif antiaging. Pada penelitian kali ini, ekstrak kacang kapri pada konsentrasi 3%, 5%, 7% dan 9% diformulasikan dalam sediaan krim yang dikombinasikan dengan penambahan kappa dan iota karaginan setengah jadi (1:1) konsentrasi 1,85% sebagai pengental. Adanya penambahan ekstrak kacang kapri dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda-beda pada krim diperkirakan dapat mempengaruhi kestabilan fisik krim. Uji kestabilan fisik dilakukan melalui pengamatan pada penyimpanan selama delapan minggu di suhu kamar, suhu tinggi (40±2ºC) dan suhu rendah (4±2ºC), cycling test, dan uji mekanik. Parameter kestabilan yaitu organoleptis, pH, diameter globul rata-rata, viskositas, cycling test dan uji mekanik. Keempat formula krim menunjukkan kestabilan berdasarkan organoleptis, pH, diameter globul rata-rata, viskositas dan cycling test diatas, tetapi formula yang mengandung ekstrak kacang kapri konsentrasi 7% dan 9% menunjukkan adanya pemisahan fase pada uji mekanik sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa krim dengan ekstrak kacang kapri 7% dan 9% tidak stabil secara fisik.

Abstrak :
Study on carrageenan extraction using filter press with variation ratio of seaweed and extraction medium (water), temperature of precipitation, potassium chloride concentration has been conducted. Ratio of seaweed and water used were 1:20, 1:30 and 1:40 (w/v), temperature of precipitation were varied at 15 and 30°C, and potassium chloride concentration used were 1 and 1.5%. Parameters observed on the carrageenan were yield, viscosity, gel strength, moisture content, ash content, sulfate content and acid insoluble ash. Result showed that the best treatment was ratio seaweed : water = 1:20, temperature of precipitation at 30°C and potassium chloride concentration of 1%, with quality of carrageenan i.e. gel strength 1897.14 (g/cm2), viscosity 145 (cPs), ash content 29.59%, acid insoluble ash 0.83%, sulfate content 18.36%, yield 31.77% and moisture content 9.73%. The carrageenan quality has met with the standard established by Food Agriculture Organization (FAO), Food Chemical Codex (FCC) and European Economic Community (EEC).

Abstrak :
Carrageenan are natural hydrocoloid which are used as gelling agent, suspending agent,emulsifer and stabilizer......

Abstrak :
The rapidly growing demand for petroleum resources has become a crucial global problem. Therefore, a more realistic solution is required for oil production. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has become an essential technique to extract original oil content and maintain oil fields. During this process, certain viscous polymers are commonly used as mobility control agents. In this work, we introduce a new class of polymer to address the limitations of commercial EOR polymers. We successfully extracted kappa-type carrageenan from Eucheuma cottonii seaweed using demineralized water and ethanol precipitation. The amount of yield, intrinsic viscosity, and viscosity-average molecular mass of the extracted carrageenan were 18.64%, 12.77 dLg-1, and 4.716×105 gmol-1, respectively. Characterizations were done by dynamic viscosity and rheological measurement, along with a thermal degradation test. The measurements indicated that kappa-carrageenan is an attractive green substitute for polyacrylamide, as it showed relatively high resistance to temperature, shear rate, and salinity compared to polyacrylamide-based commercial EOR polymers. However, a higher concentration of carrageenan is still needed to reach the same viscosity as the commercial polymers.

Abstrak :
The gastroretentive dosage form is designed to prolong the gastric residence time of the drug delivery system which also results in the development of an appropriate excipient. The purpose of this study is to develop and characterize co-processed excipient made from carrageenan (kappa-iota = 1:1) and pregelatinized cassava starch propionate (PCSP) in ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. PCSP was prepared with propionic anhydride in an aqueous medium. The product was mixed with carrageenan (kappa-iota = 1:1), as well as characterized physicochemical and functional properties. The co-processed excipient was then used as a mucoadhesive granule and floating tablet. The USP Basket was selected to perform the dissolution test of the granules in HCl buffer (pH 1.2) and distilled water for 8 hours each. Mucoadhesive properties were evaluated using bioadhesive through a vitro test and wash-off test. As for the floating tablet, the USP Paddle was selected to perform the dissolution test of the tablets in 0.1 N HCl for 10 hours. The floating lag time and floating time were tested in 0.1 N HCl for 24 hours. The result of these studies indicated that co-processed excipient carrageenan-PCSP can retard dosage form in gastric and drug controlled release, thus making it a suitable material for the gastroretentive dosage form.