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"ABSTRACTCoronary Heart Disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality rate is increasing dramatically in the last 15 years in Indonesia. Available data show that among the contribution factor changes in life style and demographic transition are prominent.A hypothetical risk factor for CHD is lipid peroxidation, a reaction between oxygen free radical and lipid parts of cell membranes and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Food habit is following a pattern of nutrient and non-nutrient intakes, including fatty acids and antioxidants. Fatty acid intakes determine the susceptibility of the lipid parts of eell membranes and LDL to peroxidation by free radicals. Theoretically, antioxidants will protect against oxidative damage caused by oxygen free radicals. Commercially available and advertised antioxidants such as vitamin E are widely used inspite of limited information on the interrelation between lipid peroxide levels in the Indonesian elderly with CHD risk factors such as food habits, dyslipidemia and obesity.A two-phase study on the elderly (55-85 years.) guided by the health centers was undertaken in Jakarta. Data for both phases were collected through interviews, anthropometric measurements, blood analysis and blood pressure measurements. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis were done using SPSS and WorldFood 2 programs.The first phase was a cross-sectional study to see the association between lipid peroxides and fatty acids, vegetables, fruits, tempe intakes, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The samples were 394 elderly. The variables found correlated with lipid peroxides were LDL, intake of mono and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, tempe, and vitamin E. The study showed an increase level of lipid peroxides with age and ethnic differences with the highest level of lipid peroxides among the Minangkabau.The second phase is a randomized double-blind trial giving 600 mg/day vitamin E supplementation or placebo for 12 weeks to 152 elderly with the high level of lipid peroxides found in the cross-sectional study. The objective was to see if there was a change of lipid peroxide levels after the intervention. The results showed a significant decrease of lipid peroxides level in the vitamin E group compared to placebo after being adjusted with age, waist-hip ratio (WHR), plasma cholesterol, and saturated fatty acids (SAFA) intake. The high density lipoprotein (HDL) was also increased significantly in the vitamin E group compared to placebo group.Randomized controlled trial taking into account the confounding variables such as age, sex, ethnic, waist-hip ratio, saturated fat intake, carbohydrate intake and plasma cholesterol might be able to elucidate the specific beneficial effect of vitamin E supplementation. Health education and information concerning foods that have effect on lipid peroxidation, such as tempe should be endorsed. More studies should be undertaken to find other food or beverage that have protecting effects against lipid peroxides."

"Penyakit jantung koroner dan asma masih menjadi beban bagi kesehatan masyarakat global. Pada penderita asma diketahui terjadi peningkatan penanda inflamasi yang berperan dalam patogenesis terjadinya aterosklerosis hingga menimbulkan sakit jantung koroner. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara asma dengan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner dengan menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dan menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Sampel penelitian adalah individu berusia > 19 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yakni tidak memiliki riwayat diabetes melitus, hipertensi, dislipidemmia dan obesitas berdasarkan hasil wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi penyakit jantung koroner pada penderita asma adalah 0,9% (95% CI 0,7-1,1). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara asma dengan penyakit jantung koroner dan berbeda menurut kelompok umur. Penderita asma pada kelompok umur ≤45 tahun memiliki OR sebesar 2,7 (95% CI 2,0-3,7) sedangkan pada penderita asma yang berusia >45 tahun memiliki OR sebesar 7,9 (95% CI 5,8-10,9) untuk menderita penyakit jantung koroner dibandingkan dengan bukan penderita asma. Oleh karena itu, penderita asma diharapkan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas fisiknya seperti berolahraga secara teratur serta menerapkan pola hidup sehat dengan tidak merokok dan pengaturan pola makan untuk mengurangi risiko terjadinya penyakit jantung koroner.<

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Coronary heart disease and asthma still becoming burden for global public health. In patients with asthma have been known to increase the inflammantory markers which have role in pathogenesis to make atherosclerosis until being coronary heart disease. This study was conducted to see the relations of asthma between coronary heart disease by using cross sectional study design and data of National Basic Health Survey 2013. The samples of study were individuals aged >19 years who fulfilled inclusion criteria such as individuals who don’t have diabetes melitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity based on interview. The results showed that the prevalence of coronary heart disease in patients with asthma was 0,9% (95% CI 0,7% -1,1%). There was a statistically significant relations between asthma and coronary heart disease with differed by age group. Asthma in the age group ≤45 years had OR 2,7 (95% CI 2,0-3,7) whereas in patients with asthma aged >45 years had OR 7,9 9 (95% CI 5,8-10,9) for coronary heart disease compared with non-ashmatics. Therefore, the people with asthma are expected to increase physical activitysuch as exercising regularly and apply a healthy lifestyle with no smoking and dietary patterns to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease."

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) sebagai masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Terdapat peningkatan kejadian PJK dihubungkan dengan peningkatan sindrom metabolik. Sampai saat ini belum ada data prevalensi sindrom metabolik pada subyek dengan PIK di RSCM.Tujuan: Untuk melihat proporsi sindrom metabolik pads populasi penderita PAC, serta profil komponen sindrom metabolik.Metode Penelitian bersifat deskriptif, dilakukan pada bulan Maret-Nopember 2005 di Poli Kardiologi, Divisi Kardiologi Departemen Penyakit Dalam RSCM.. Subyek adalah penderita PIK di RSCM dengan jumlah responden 92 subyek.Hasil: Dari 92 responden didapatkan hasil yang mengalami sindrom metabolik pada PJK sebesar 45 (48,9%) lebih besar dibandingkan populasi umum (16,5%-31,1%), dengan komposisi laki-laki 30 (66,7%) clan perempuan 15 (33,3%). Rerata usia 59 tahun (1K 95% 55-63), rerata tekanan darah sistolik 133,9 mmHg (IK 95% 129,7-138,1), rerata tekanan darah diastolik 83,2 mmHg (IK 95% 80,8-85,6), rerata indeks massa tubuh 25 kg/m2 (IK 95% 24,3-25,7), rerata lingkar perut 86,5 cm (IK 84,6-88,4), rerata HDL 42,9 mg/dL (IK 95% 41,04,8), rerata LDL 133,7 mg/dL (IK 95% 126,3-141,1), rerata trigliserida 149,9 mgldL (1K 95% 131,6-168,2), rerata glukosa darah puasa 110,4 mg/dL (1K 95% 101,9-118,9).Simpulan Sindrom metabolik ditemukan pada sebagian besar populasi penderita PJK.Kata Kunci : PJK, sindrom metabolik, proporsi.

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Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) has become one of health problems in Indonesia. The increment in CHD incidence is associated with increment in metabolic syndrome. Currently, there is no data about metabolic syndrome in patient with CHD at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital.

Purpose_ (1) To find out the proportion of metabolic syndrome among CHD patients. (2) To find out the profiles of the components of metabolic syndrome.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive study during March - November 2005 in Cardiology outpatient unit, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital. The subjects for this study were CHD patients who came to the outpatient unit. The numbers of subjects included were 92 people.

Results: From 92 subjects who participated in this study, we found 45 subjects (48.9%) had metabolic syndrome more than general population 16.5%-31.1%). Thirty six subjects (66.7%) were male. Mean age was 59 years old (95% CI = 55 - 63 years old)_ Mean systolic pressure was 133.9 mmHg (95% CI = 1293 - 138.1 mmHg). Mean diastolic pressure was 83,2 mmHg (95% CI = 80.8 --- 85.6 mmHg). Mean Body Mass Index was 25 kglm2 (95% CI = 24.3 - 25.7 kglm2). Mean waist circumference was 86.5 cm (95% CI = 84.6 - 88.4 cm). Mean HDL level was 42.9 mg/dL (95% CI = 41,0 - 44.8 mg/dL). Mean LDL level was 133.7 mg/dL (95% CI = 126.3 - 141.1). Mean triglyceride level 149.9 mg/dL (95% CI = 131.6 - 168.2 mg/dL). Mean fasting blood glucose level was 110.4 mg/dL (95% CI = 101.9 -118.9).

Conclusion. Metabolic syndrome was found in the majority of CHD patients.

Keywords : coronary heart disease, metabolic syndrome."

"Penyakit Jantung Koroner merupakan salah satu penyakit kardiovaskuler yang menjadi sorotan utama. Di Indonesia, PJK merupakan penyebab kematian utama dari seluruh kematian, dengan angka mencapai 26,4 , dimana angka ini empat kali lebih besar jika dibandingkan angka kematian yang diakibatkan oleh kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dislipidemia dengan kejadian Penyakit jantung koroner di Rumah Sakit Pusat Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita. Desain penelitian adalah case control. Sampel berjumlah 164 responden, terdiri dari 82 kelompok kasus dan 82 kelompok kontrol. Analisis data menggunakan regresi logistik. Pada kelompok PJK, persentase responden dengan dislipidemia sebesar 50 sedangkan pada kelompok yang tidak menderita PJK, persentase responden dengan dislipidemia sebesar 17,1 . Hubungan dislipidemia dengan kejadian Penyakit Jantung Koroner berbeda menurut status hipertensi. Setelah dikontrol usia, pada responden yang hipertensi, dislipidemia memiliki peluang 19,8 kali lebih tinggi untuk terjadi PJK dibandingkan responden yang tidak dislipidemia, sedangkan pada responden yang tidak hipertensi, dislipidemia memiliki peluang 2,5 kali lebih tinggi untuk terjadi PJK dibandingkan responden yang tidak dislipidemia. Direkomendasikan kepada masyarakat untuk melakukan cek kesehatan secara berkala dan mengubah gaya hidup dengan melakukan diet makanan sehat guna mengontrol profil lipid dan tekanan darah.

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Coronary heart disease CHD is one of the major cardiovascular disease in the spotlight. CHD is the leading cause of death from all deaths, reaching 26,4 , where this figure is four times greater when compared with deaths caused by cancer. This study aims to determine the relationship of dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease in the National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita. Research design is case controll. The sample amounted to 164 respondents, consisting of 82 case groups and 82 control groups. Data analysis using logistic regression analysis. The finding shows, in patients with CHD, the percentage of respondents with dyslipidemia is 50 , while non CHD is 17,1 . The relationship of dyslipidemia with coronary heart disease differs according to hypertension status. After controlled by age, in hypertension respondents, dyslipidemia were 19,8 times more likely to have CHD than resondents who had not dyslipidemia. While in non hypertensive respondents, dyslipidemia were 2,5 times more likely to have CHD than respondents who had not dyslipidemia. It is recommended to the public to carry out regular medical checkup, and changing lifestyles by consuming healthy foods to control lipid profiles and blood pressure."

"Tanda dan gejala psikologis dari Penyakit jantung Koroner (PJK) salah satunya adalah kecemasan, kecemasan yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan risiko munculnya penyakit jantung lainnya dan meningkatkan risiko serangan jantung berulang. Spiritualitas dilaporkan berkontribusi terhadap kesehatan dan kesejahteraan individu. Studi ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan kesejahteraan spiritual dengan kecemasan pasien PJK di rumah sakit. Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan sampel sebanyak 248 responden pasien PJK di rawat jalan dan rawat inap di rumah sakit di daerah Jakarta Selatan. Cara pemilihan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan consecutive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dengan menggunakan kuesioner Spiritual Well Being Scale (SWBS) dan Hospital anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kesejahteraan spiritual dengan tingkat kecemasan pada pasien PJK dengan p < 0,001 kurang dari 0,05. Studi lanjutan perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai intervensi penerapan pemberian asuhan keperawatan spiritual terhadap pasien PJK.

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One of the psychological signs and symptoms of coronary heart disease (CHD) is anxiety. High levels of anxiety can increase the risk of developing other heart diseases and increase the risk of recurrent heart attacks. Spirituality is reported to contribute to the health and well-being of individuals. This study aims to identify the relationship between spiritual well being and the anxiety of CHD patients in the hospital. This cross-sectional study involved a sample of 248 CHD patient respondents who were outpatients and inpatients at hospitals in the South Jakarta area. The method of selecting the sample used in this study was by consecutive sampling. The instruments used are the Spiritual Well Being Scale (SWBS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires. The results showed that there was a relationship between spiritual well being and anxiety level in CHD patients p <0,001 less than 0.05. Follow-up studies need to do research on interventions in the implementation of spiritual nursing care for CHD patients."

"Penyakit jantung koroner menyebabkan penurunan fungsi fisik dan psikologis yang berdampak pada kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengtahui faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien penyakit jantung koroner. Adapun variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, penghasilan, status perkawinan, ansietas, depresi, koping dan dukungan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan analitik korelasi dengan desain cross sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini ada 100 responden. Pada analisi regresi linier ganda didapat 3 variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup yaitu usia, penghasilan dan depresi. Hasil penelitian lebih lanjut didapatkan depresi sebagai faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup (p=0.0005). Berdasarkan hal tersebut perawat perlu mendeteksi secara dini depresi yang dialami oleh pasien dan memberikan pendidikan kesehatan.

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Coronary heart disease caused decrease in physical function and psychological impact on quality of life. The aims of this study was to quality of life of patients with coronary heart disease. The independent variables in this study were age, gender, education, occupation, income, marital status, anxiety, depression, coping and social support. This study used the analytic correlation with cross-sectional design. The number of samples in this study there were 100 respondents. In multiple linear regression analysis found three variables that affect the quality of life: age, income and depression. The study further found that depression as the factors most associated with quality of life (p = 0.0005). Based on this study nurses need to be early detect patients depression and provided health education."

"Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) adalah suatu bentuk gangguan pembuluh darah koroner yang termasuk dalam ketegori arterosklerosis. Ketidaksiapan pasien PJK pulang dari rumah sakit akan berdampak terhadap rawatan ulang sebagai akibat dari pelaksanaan program discharge planning yang belum efektif selama dirawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan discharge planning terhadap kesiapan pulang pasien penyakit jantung koroner.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi experiment dengan pendekatan non-equivalent post test only control group design. Jumlah sampel 32 orang yang terbagi atas 16 orang kelompok kontrol dan 16 orang kelompok intervensi dan dilakukan di tiga rumah sakit di Kota Bukittinggi.Hasil penelitian didapatkan adanya pengaruh penerapan discharge planning terhadap kesiapan pulang pasien penyakit jantung koroner yang terdiri dari status personal, pengetahuan, kemampuan koping, dan dukungan (p= 0,001; α= 0,05). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan discharge planning yang baik dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan dan kualitas hidup pasien penyakit jantung koroner."

"Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) adalah suatu bentuk gangguan pembuluh darah koroner yang termasuk dalam ketegoriarterosklerosis. Ketidaksiapan pasien PJK pulang dari rumah sakit akan berdampak terhadap rawatan ulang sebagai akibat daripelaksanaan program discharge planning yang belum efektif selama dirawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruhpenerapan discharge planning terhadap kesiapan pulang pasien penyakit jantung koroner. Penelitian ini menggunakandesain quasi experiment dengan pendekatan non-equivalent post test only control group design. Jumlah sampel 32 orang yangterbagi atas 16 orang kelompok kontrol dan 16 orang kelompok intervensi dan dilakukan di tiga rumah sakit di Kota Bukittinggi.Hasil penelitian didapatkan adanya pengaruh penerapan discharge planning terhadap kesiapan pulang pasien penyakit jantungkoroner yang terdiri dari status personal, pengetahuan, kemampuan koping, dan dukungan (p= 0,001; α= 0,05). Penelitian inimerekomendasikan discharge planning yang baik dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan dan kualitashidup pasien penyakit jantung koroner.Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a form of blood vessel disorder that belongs to the category of coronary atherosclerosis. Anunreadiness of patients with CHD to go home from the hospital will have an impact on readmission as a result of ineffectivedischarge planning program during hospitalized. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the implementation ofdischarge planning program on the readiness to be discharged from the hospital. A quasi experiment with non-equivalent posttest only control group design was employed. The participant of the study was 32 respondents devided into control andintervention groups, each had 16 respondents who were taken from three hospitals in Bukittingi. The result showed thatdischarge planning program has significance influence on patient?s perception of their readiness to be discharged from thehospital, it consisting of personal status, knowledge, coping ability, and support (p= 0.001; α= 0.05). This study recommendsthat a good discharge planning program can be implemented to improve the quality of nursing care, to reduce the risk ofreadmission to the hospital and the quality of life of patients with coronary heart diseases."

"Penyakit kardiovaskuler merupakan penyebab utama kematian yaitu sebesar 30 kematian di dunia. Tahun 2013 prevalensi penyakit jantung koroner di Indonesia berdasarkan wawancara terdiagnosis dokter adalah sebesar 0,5 , dan berdasarkan terdiagnosis dokter atau gejala sebesar 1,5 . Sebanyak 68 orang yang menderita penyakit diabetes melitus meninggal karena komplikasi penyakit jantung koroner. Prevalensi orang dengan DM di Indonesia pada tahun 2013 sebanyak 6,9 dan pada tahun 2015. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan penyakit diabetes melitus DM dengan prevalensi penyakit jantung koroner PJK di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut Riskesdas 2013 dengan desain studi Cross Sectional. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh penduduk di Indonesia usia ge;15 tahun yang memiliki data variabel penelitian lengkap. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa responden yang menderita diabetes melitus memiliki risiko 3,07 kali lebih besar untuk menderita penyakit jantung koroner dibandingkan dengan responden yang tidak menderita diabetes melitus setelah dikontrol variabel usia, hipertensi, obesitas sentral, obesitas, stress, variabel interaksi diabetes melitus dengan usia, dan variabel interaksi diabetes melitus dengan obesitas sentral.

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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death which contributes to about 30 of deaths in the world. In 2013, the prevalence of coronary heart disease in Indonesia, based on medical diagnosis was 0.5 and based on medical diagnosis or symptoms was 1,5 . There were 68 of people who suffered from diabetes mellitus died from complications of coronary heart disease. The prevalence of people with diabetes in Indonesia in 2013 was about 6.9 and in 2015. The aim of this study to determine the relationship between diabetes mellitus DM and the prevalence of coronary heart disease CHD in Indonesia. This study is a further analysis of Riskesdas Indonesia Basic Health Research 2013 designed with a cross sectional study. The respondents of this research were all residents in Indonesia at age ge 15 years, those who had completed research variable data. Based on the survey results revealed that respondents with diabetes mellitus are at 3.07 times higher risk of suffering coronary heart disease compared to respondents without diabetes mellitus after controlled by age, hypertension, central obesity, obesity, stress, interaction variable between diabetes mellitus and age, and interaction variable between diabetes mellitus and central obesity."