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"A mathematical model was developed for evaluating CO2-reduction technologies in power generation, residential, commercial and road transport sector in Japan. The existing and new power generation technologies evaluated included 34 centralized and 8 dispersed power generation technologies in the resedential and commercial energy demand sectors. To take into account the varieties of useful energy and of its demand duration patterns among entities in the demand sectors, the hourly mean power and heating and cooling demand-supply balances in one residential and four commercial representative entities were considered for each month. The road transport sector addressed five types of automotive use. The useful-energy demands are exogenously given; the model calculates the technology installations that satisfy the demands to minimize the total systems cost for each year up to 2030. The availability of the new technologies, i.e., the first years they are installable, is derived from research and development (R&D) process analyses on the basis of surveys to experts. As a result of the model calculation, dispersed molten carbonate and solid oxid fuel cells and onboard gasoliene reforming-type fuel cell vehicle (FCV) technologies are expected to have the largest economic values, approximately 60-120 billion constant 1998 yen (460-920 million U.S dollars (USD)) among the evaluated new CO2-reduction technologies. One of the implications from our calculations is that extending electric power corporations' commercial coverage to dispersed power generation, in addition to centralized power generation, is desirable to help lower overall costs in society, as well as to secure industry profits. "

"Dalam Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (“Konvensi Pengungsi”) diaturmengenai prinsip non-refoulement juga merupakan hukum kebiasaan internasional dengan karakter jus cogens. Prinsip non-refoulement berlaku dari tahap awal proses suakahingga repatriasi. Repatriasi diupayakan bersifatsukarela, aman, dan bermartabat agar tidakmenimbulkan refoulement. Ketentuan prinsipnon-refoulement kembali dipertegas dalamEuropean Convention on Human Rights(“ECHR”) dan Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (“EU Charter”). Denmark merupakan negara anggota dari Council of Europe (“CoI”) dan European Union (“EU”) yang telah meratifikasi Konvensi Pengungsi dan EU Charter serta melakukan inkorporasi ECHR ke dalam hukum nasionalnya. Pada tahun 2019, Denmark melakukan pengembalian pengungsiSuriah karena Suriah telah aman berdasarkanpenilaian Denmark dalam Country of Origin Information 2019. Tindakan Denmark tidakdidukung oleh organisasi internasional dan non-governmental organisation (“NGO”) yang menyatakan bahwa repatriasi sukarela, aman, dan bermartabat ke Suriah belum tersedia. Denganmenggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatifyang berbasiskan pada data sekunder, penelitianskripsi ini hendak menganalisis apakahpengembalian pengungsi Suriah di Denmark melanggar prinsip non-refoulement. Adapun hasilpenelitian yang telah dilakukan, ditemukankesimpulan bahwa belum ada tindakan dan indikasi pelanggaran prinsip non-refoulementyang dilakukan oleh Denmark. Meski demikian, Denmark diharapkan untuk tetap menjunjungtinggi ketentuan prinsip non-refoulement dan memenuhi hak-hak dasar pengungsi yang hendakdikembalikan. Denmark juga diharapkan untukmenjaga komitmennya sebagai bagian dari EU dan CoI yang melalui instrumen hukumnya, yakni ECHR dan EU Charter, mempertegaskembali ketentuan prinsip non-refoulement. Denmark dapat melakukan kolaborasi organisasiinternasional, NGO, dan komite nasional Suriahuntuk memastikan repatriasi yang sukarela, aman, dan bermartabat.

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Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees("Refugee Convention") governs the concept of non-refoulement as well as customary international law with jus cogens character. From the beginning of the asylum procedure till repatriation, the principle of non-refoulement applies. Repatriation is intended to be voluntary, safe, and dignified in order to avoid refoulement. The concept of non-refoulement has been reiterated in the European Convention on Human Rights ("ECHR") and the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights ("EU Charter"). Denmark is a member of the Council of Europe ("CoI") and the European Union ("EU"), and it has ratified the Refugee Convention and the EU Charter, as well as incorporated the ECHR into national law. In 2019, Denmark carried out the return of Syrian refugees because Syria was safe based on the Danish assessment in the Country of Origin Information 2019. However, Denmark is expected to continue to uphold the provisions of the principle of non-refoulement and fulfill the basic rights of refugees who desire to be repatriated. Denmark is also required to retain its commitment as a member of the EU and CoI, which reaffirms the principle of non-refoulement through its legal instruments, particularly the ECHR and the EU Charter. Denmark can work with international organizations, non-governmental groups, and Syrian national committees to facilitate voluntary, safe, and dignified repatriation."

"This white paper is part of a series that promotes knowledge about language technology and its potential. This analysis focused on the 23 official European languages as well as other important national and regional languages in Europe. The results of this analysis suggest that there are many significant research gaps for each language. A more detailed expert analysis and assessment of the current situation will help maximise the impact of additional research and minimize any risks. META-NET consists of 54 research centres from 33 countries that are working with stakeholders from commercial businesses, government agencies, industry, research organisations, software companies, technology providers and European universities. Together, they are creating a common technology vision while developing a strategic research agenda that shows how language technology applications can address any research gaps by 2020."