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"Latar Belakang : E. faecalis merupakan penyebab infeksi persisten pasca perawatan saluran akar. Menghilangkan seluruh bakteri dari saluran akar masih menjadi masalah dalam perawatan endodontik. Penggunaan larutan irigasi dengan penambahan laser dioda sebagai perangkat tambahan adalah upaya untuk eliminasi tersebut. Tujuan: menganalisis dan membandingkan daya anti bakteri laser dioda sebagai perangkat tambahan irigasi dengan larutan irigasi NaOCl 2,5 ,CHX 2 terhadap biofilm E. faecalis isolat klinis. Metode : menghitung jumlah koloni CFU biofilm E. faecalis isolat klinis pasca pemaparan bahan uii. Hasil : laser dioda memiliki daya anti bakteri terhadap biofilm E. faecalis isolat klinis terlihat pada kelompok kontrol salin. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna p

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Background: E. faecalis is often found in persistent intra radicular infection after endodontic failure treatment. Eliminating all bacteria in the root canal remains a problem in root canal management. Using irrigant with laser diode as adjunct is to eliminate the bacteria.

Aim: To analyze and compare the effectivity of diode laser, 2 chlorhexidine and 2,5 natrium hypochlorite against biofilm Of E. faecalis.

Method: score the antibacterial effects of the irrigant and diode laser with colony form unit CFU.

Result: Diode laser has antibacterial effectivity against E. faecalis biofilm. There is significant difference p 0,05 between irrigant with diode laser as an adjunct."

"ABSTRAKPada proses engraving penggunaan laser berdaya tinggi marak digunakan saat ini. Laser daya tinggi yang sering digunakan adalah laser gas seperti CO2, Nd:YaG dan laser diode. Laser diode memiliki beberapa kekurangan diantaranya sudut divergensi lebar, astigmatisme dan beam profile yang tidak ideal yang berbentuk elips. Kekurangan tersebut menyebabkan kualitas beam profile yang buruk. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan koreksi beam pada output diode untuk mengurangi rasio elips yang dimilikinya. Metode koreksi yang umum dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan dua lensa silinder untuk melakukan koreksi pada sumbu horisontal dan vertikal.Pada tesis ini telah dikembangkan metode koreksi output beam berbasis pada ray tracing analysis untuk menghitung struktur susunan lensa yang meliputi pengaturan fokus dan jarak antara lensa ndash; lensa silinder yang digunakan untuk mengurangi rasio elips serta lensa pemfokus untuk mendapatkan ukuran beam yang diinginkan. Hasil experiment terhadap metode koreksi beam diamati melalui dua cara yaitu; 1 pengamatan burning spot dengan mikroskop digital dan 2 menghitung hasil foto menggunakan MATLAB. Hasil kedua metode ini menunjukan pengurangan rasio elips. Pengurangan rasio elips dari 1.43 menjadi 1.14 pada pengamatan burning spot. Selain itu, dilakukan pula karakterisasi kebutuhan intensitas terhadap waktu pembakaran beberapa objek material.

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ABSTRACT In the process of engraving the use of high power lasers are rife in use today. The most commonly used high power lasers are gas lasers such as CO2, Nd YaG and also semiconductor, laser diodes. Laser diodes have some disadvantages such as wide divergence angles, astigmatism and elliptical beam profile. These deficiencies cause poor beam profile quality. Therefore it is necessary to do beam correction at the output diode to reduce the ratio of the ellipse it has. A common method of correction is to use two cylindrical lenses to correct the horizontal and vertical axes.In this paper use this ray tracing method for focus setting, the distance on the cylinder lenses and the focusing lens are used to reduce the ellipse ratio and obtain the desired beam size. The experimental results of the beam correction method were observed in two ways 1 observation of spot burning with digital microscope and 2 calculate the result of photo using MATLAB. The results of both methods show a reduction in the elliptical ratio. The reduction of the ellipse ratio is from 1.43 to 1.14 on the observation of burning. In addition, there is also characterization of the need for intensity to burning time of some material objects."

"Pada tesis ini diuraikan mengenai teknik Heterodyne Optics yang memadukan dua dioda laser dengan terdapat perbedaan panjang gelombang yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pembangkitan gelombang mikro yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam dunia radar. Untuk memperoleh output gelombang mikro yang tunable maka diperlukan sumber laser yang dapat diseleksi panjang gelombangnya, baik melalui perubahan temperatur untuk jenis laser DFB ataupun dengan mengubah posisi pitch grating untuk jenis External Cavity Laser Diode. Sistem optik diterapkan untuk mengatasi phase noise dan bit error rate akibat sistem frequency multiplier pada sistem Dielectrik Resonance Oscillator (DRO). Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa tunable laser dapat menghasilkan stepping selisih panjang gelombang 0,01nm dan menghasilkan gelombang mikro tiap 0,1GHz yang artinya sistem ini sangat berpotensi untuk menghasilkan gelombang mikro untuk RADAR pada berbagai frekuensi.

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We describe in this paper the contruction 10 GHz microwave source using a heterodyne optics technique that combines two laser diodes with a wavelength differences can be utilized in the generation of microwaves to be applied in radar. To obtain the output microwave tunable laser source is needed which can be selected wavelength. DFB laser can be tune by change the temperature and ECLD can be tune by mechanical grating. Optical system is alternative that can solve the phase noise and bit error rate at Dielectrik Resonant Oscillator (DRO) system. The experimental results show that the tunable laser can be generate stepping of 0.01 nm wavelength differences and generating microwave 0.1 GHz, which means each of these systems has the potential to generate microwaves for RADAR at various frequencies."

"In this research, a layered-recurrent artificial neural network (ANN) using the back-propagation method was developed for simulation of a fixed-bed industrial catalytic reforming unit called Platformer. Ninety-seven data points were gathered from the industrial catalytic naphtha reforming plant during the complete life cycle of the catalytic bed (about 919 days). Ultimately, 80% of them were selected as past horizontal data sets, and the others were selected as future horizontal ones. After training, testing, and validating the model with past horizontal data, the developed network was applied to predict the volume flow rate and research octane number (RON) of the future horizontal data versus days on stream. Results show that the developed ANN was capable of predicting the volume flow rate and RON of the gasoline for the future horizontal data sets with AAD% (average absolute deviation) of 0.238% and 0.813%, respectively. Moreover, the AAD% of the predicted octane barrel levels against the actual values was 1.447%, which shows the excellent capability of the model to simulate the behavior of the target catalytic reforming plant."