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"[ABSTRAKHidroksiapatit (HA) mempunyai peran penting dalam bidang medis karena komposisi kimia dan strukturnya yang mirip dengan tulang manusia. Material ini disintesis melalui metode hidrotermal dengan prekusor Ca(NO3)2, CaO dan NH3PO4. Variasi temperatur hidrotermal pada 150 ̊C dan 300 ̊C, temperatur sintering pada 900 ̊C selama 3 jam. Endapan yang diperoleh diuji dengan XRD dan SEM-EDX. Morfologi partikel hasil karakterisasi SEM berbentuk batangan memanjang dan melingkar teraglomerasi dan hasil uji EDX menunjukkan rasio Ca/P yang lebih besar dari 1.67. Uji XRD menunjukkan adanya fasa kalsium difosfat, fluorapatit dan apatit karbonat tipe- A di dalam endapan yang meningkatkan rasio Ca/P.ABSTRACTHydroxyapatite (HA) posseses significant role in medical application due to its similarity in chemical and structure to human bones. This material was synthesized through hydrothermal method using Ca(NO3)2, CaO and NH3PO4. Hydrothermal temperature varied on 150 ̊C and 300 ̊C, sintering temperature on 900 ̊C for 3 hours. Sample was characterization by XRD and SEM-EDX. Morphology observed by SEM is agglomerated round- spherical- shape particle with Ca/P ratio more than 1.67 measured by EDX. Calcium diphospate, fluorapatite and carbonated type- A presence is observed by XRD.;Hydroxyapatite (HA) posseses significant role in medical application due to its similarity in chemical and structure to human bones. This material was synthesized through hydrothermal method using Ca(NO3)2, CaO and NH3PO4. Hydrothermal temperature varied on 150 ̊C and 300 ̊C, sintering temperature on 900 ̊C for 3 hours. Sample was characterization by XRD and SEM-EDX. Morphology observed by SEM is agglomerated round- spherical- shape particle with Ca/P ratio more than 1.67 measured by EDX. Calcium diphospate, fluorapatite and carbonated type- A presence is observed by XRD., Hydroxyapatite (HA) posseses significant role in medical application due to its similarity in chemical and structure to human bones. This material was synthesized through hydrothermal method using Ca(NO3)2, CaO and NH3PO4. Hydrothermal temperature varied on 150 ̊C and 300 ̊C, sintering temperature on 900 ̊C for 3 hours. Sample was characterization by XRD and SEM-EDX. Morphology observed by SEM is agglomerated round- spherical- shape particle with Ca/P ratio more than 1.67 measured by EDX. Calcium diphospate, fluorapatite and carbonated type- A presence is observed by XRD.]"

"Telah dilakukan studi analisa kerusakan terhadap pelat elektroda Hypochlorite Plant dari aspek analisa mikrostruktur material. Hypochlorite Plant merupakan suatu alat untuk mengelektrolisa Sodium Chloride(NaCl) dalam air laut untuk menghasilkan Sodium Hypochlorite(NaOCl) yang kemudian kemudian diinjeksikan kembali ke air laut untuk mencegah terjadinya biofouling.Berdasarkan studi identifikasi material dengan EDX dan XRD, diketahui bahwa jenis material asal adalah paduan titanium yang dilapis dengan platinum. Pengukuran kekerasan dengan Vickers pada bagian yang utuh dan rusak menunjukkan bahwa pada bagian yang rusak terjadi peningkatan kekerasan sebesar 26,8% dibandingkan logam induknya.Hasil pengamatan metalografi dengan mikroskop optik menunjukkan bahwa ukuran butir pada bagian yang rusak lebih kecil dari bagian yang utuh. Disimpulkan bahwa kerusakan terjadi karena terjadi peningkatan temperature lokal melebihi titik cair akibat konsentrasi arus yang besar (5000A) pada pada bagian yang rusak.

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The failure of Electrode for Hypochlorite Plant has been analyzed by analyzing the material microstructures. Hypochlorite Plant is the equipment that directly electrolyzes the sodium chloride in seawater to produce and let sodium hypochlorite be contained in seawater to prevent biological-fouling.

According to material identification using EDX and XRD has been known that the base metal of the electrode is titanium-alloy that is coated by platinum. The hardness test using Vickers hardness testing machine shows that the hardness of the failure material is 26,8% harder than the good one.

It was found metalographic examination that the grain size of the broken electrode is smaller than the good one. Based on that fact, we concluded that the failure was caused by the local temperature overheating because of electical current concentration (5000A) on the broken material."

"In this paper ,the growth of GaN:Mn thin films by plasma-assisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (PAMOCVD) method is reported ..."

"Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh kimia dari xylitol terhadap remineralisasi enamel yang sebelumnya mengalami demineralisasi. Sampel email yang berasal dari gigi yang telah diekstraksi untuk kepentingan perawatan orthodonti didemineralisasi terlebih dahulu dan selanjutnya direndam dalam larutan remineralisasi yang mengandung 20% dan 50% xylitol pada suhu 37⁰C selama dua minggu. Sampel lalu dianalisis menggunakan metode Energy Dispersive Xray (EDX) dan X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Hasil berdasarkan EDX mengindikasikan terdapat peningkatan jumlah kalsium dan fosfor pada sampel yang direndam dalam larutan remineralisasi dengan xylitol 50% dibandingkan dengan sampel yang mengalami demineralisasi tanpa direndam dalam larutan remineralisasi dengan xylitol 50% (p < 0.05). Tidak terdapat peningkatan bermakna dari kalsium dan fosfor pada sampel yang direndam dalam larutan remineralisasi dengan xylitol 20% dibandingkan dengan sampel yang mengalami demineralisasi tanpa direndam dalam larutan remineralisasi dengan xylitol 20% (p > 0.05).Identifikasi komposisi senyawa kristal dengan metode XRD menunjukkan berbagai macam kristal apatit pada sampel yang berbeda. Hidroksiapatit dan fluorapatit ditemukan ada sampel kontrol yang tidak didemineralisasi. Material amorphous ditemukan pada sampel yang didemineralisasi untuk kontrol perlakuan xylitol 50%. Fluorapatit ditemukan pada sampel yang didemineralisasi untuk kontrol perlakuan xylitol 20%. Fluorapatit juga ditemukan pada sampel yang direndam pada larutan remineralisasi dengan xylitol 20% dan 50%. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa xylitol dapat meningkatkan jumlah kalsium dan fosfor dengan menghambat presipitasi kalsium dan fosfat serta bertindak sebagai calcium carrier. Sifat xylitol tersebut dapat mempengaruhi reaksi kimia dari kalsium dan fosfor pada plak, saliva, dan lesi karies. Oleh karena itu, substansi amor phous dari email dapat berubah menjadi kristal apatit seperti fluorapatite. Dengan demikian, xylitol menunjukkan kemampuan untuk mencegah karies dan merestorasi lesi dini karies.

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This study aimed to determine the effects of xylitol exposure on the remineralization of artificially demineralized enamel. Samples that were obtained from teeth extracted due to orthodontic treatment were demineralized and then immersed in a remineralizing solution with 20% or 50% xylitol at 37°C for 2 weeks. The samples were analyzed using Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and Xray Diffraction (XRD) methods. The EDX results indicated that calcium and phosphorus contents were significantly higher in samples that had been immersed in 50% xylitol solution, compared to demineralized samples without such immersion treatment (p < 0.05). There was no significant increase in calcium and phosphorus content for samples that had been immersed in 20% xylitol solution compared to demineralized samples without this immerson treatment (p > 0.05).Identification of crystal compounds by XRD showed the presence of hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite in untreated samples. Amorphous materials were found in demineralized control samples for 50% xylitol solution. Fluorapatite was identified in demineralized control samples for 20% xylitol solution. Fluorapatite was also identified in samples that had been immersed in 20% and 50% xylitol solution. The results indicate that exposure to xylitol c an increase calcium and phosphorus contents in enamel, probably by inhibiting Ca2+ and PO43- precipitation and acting as calcium carrier. Xylitol exposure may influence the chemical reactions of calcium and phosphorus in plaque, saliva and caries lesions. Through the influenced reactions, amorphous substance of enamel could change into apatite crystal such as fluorapatite. Thereby, xylitol demonstrate caries prevention and possible restoration of initial enamel caries lesions."

"Latar belakang: Karies merupakan proses demineralisasi yang dapat terjadi pada permukaan gigi dalam rongga mulut bila gigi terpapar oleh asam pada jangka waktu tertentu. Minuman yang sering dikonsumsi masyarakat dan menyebabkan proses demineralisasi email pada gigi adalah minuman berkarbonasi yang memiliki pH sebesar 1 - 4. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah demineralisasi email secara terus-menerus yang cukup umum digunakan adalah pernis fluoride dan inovasi terbaru dalam bidang kedokteran gigi adalah propolis fluorida. Tujuan: Membandingkan struktur email antara gigi yang diaplikasikan varnish propolis fluorida dengan natrium fluorida setelah didemineralisasi menggunakan minuman berkarbonasi. Metode: 27 sampel gigi premolar dibagi menjadi kelompok propolis fluorida, natrium fluorida, dan kontrol / tanpa aplikasi. Seluruh spesimen didemineralisasi awal dengan asam asetat 5% selama 20 menit lalu dikeringkan dan diaplikasikan pernis fluoride kemudian direndam di dalam larutan saliva buatan Fusayama selama 30 menit lalu direndam minuman berkarbonasi selama 1 jam. Setelah itu, dilakukan uji dispersif energi x-ray (EDX) terhadap perwakilan setiap kelompok untuk mendapat data kuantitatif yang terlihat permukaan seluruh spesimen dengan pemindaian mikroskop elektron (SEM) dan dibandingkan secara kualitatif. Hasil: Persentase unsur fluor pada permukaan email gigi antar seluruh kelompok tidak memiliki perbedaan yang ada (p-value≥0,05), namun terdapat perbedaan struktur permukaan email gigi kelompok kontrol dibandingkan dengan kelompok lainnya. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan analisa kuantitatif dengan EDX dan analisa kualitatif dengan SEM, dapat disangkal bahwa propolis fluorida dan natrium fluorida memiliki kekuatan yang sama dalam menghambat demineralisasi email akibat minuman berkarbonasi.Background: Caries is the process of demineralization that occurs on teeth surfaces inside the mouth cavity if the former was exposed to acid in a period. Carbonated drinks are one of the most consummated beverages that can cause enamel demineralization with pH ranging from 1 to 4.To counter the process, the use of fluoride varnishes in clinical dentistry are the most common and favorable while the newest innovation made from natural substances is propolis fluoride. Objective: Comparing the enamel structure between samples applied with propolis fluoride and sodium fluoride after demineralized by carbonated drink. Methods: 27 premolar tooth were divided equally into different groups of propolis fluoride, sodium fluoride, and control. Samples were exposed to 5% acetate acid for 20 minutes and fluoride varnishes after. Next, samples were exposed to Fusayama's artificial saliva for 30 minutes and carbonated drinks for 1 hour. The last step was to analyze the surface of the representative samples with energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) for the quantitative analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to the surface of all samples to be compared qualitatively. Results: The percentage of the fluoride element inside the enamel surfaces from the EDX shows no significant differences for all groups (p-value≥0,05), while control group show differences of the enamel surface structure if compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Based on the quantitative analysis with EDX and qualitative analysis with SEM, propolis fluoride and sodium fluoride have the same effectivity in inhibiting enamel demineralization by carbonated drinks."

"[ABSTRAKHroksiapatit merupakan jenis biomaterial sintetis yang mempunyai fasa yang paling stabil dibandingkan dengan senyawa kalsiun fosfat lainnya, selain itu hidroksiapatit memiliki tingkat kemiripan yang tinggi dengan tulang, sehingga hidroksiapatik banyak diaplikasikan sebagai bone graft sintetis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu sintering terhadap kemurnian kristal hidroksiapatit yang dihasilkan. Hidroksiapatit dari prekursor kimia CaCO3 dan (NH4)2HPO4 disintesis dengan menggunakan metode hidrotermal pada temperatur 150oC dan 300oC. Hasil dari sintesis hidroksiapatik dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), dan Energy Dispersive Analysis X-Ray (EDX). Hasil karakterisasi XRD memperlihatkan intensitas tertinggi rata-rata berada pada sudut 2θ yaitu, 25.898o, 31.789o, 32.216o, 32.922o, 46.729o, dan 49.524o. Hasil dari SEM memperlihatkan morfologi dari sampel bebrbetuk nanoroot dan hasil dari EDX menunjukan rasio Ca/P sebesar 1.8.ABSTRACTHydroxyapatite is the most phase-stable syntetic biomaterial compared to another calcium phospate material. Hydroxyapatite also has high similarity with bone which make it has wide application as syntetic bone graft. Purpose of this research is to study the effect of sintering time towards hydroxyapatite crystal?s purity. Hydroxyapatite made from chemical precursor CaCO3 and (NH4)2HPO4 was synthesized using hydrothermal method on 150oC and 300oC. Synthesized hydroxyapatite was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Analysis X-Ray (EDX). The result of characterization showed that highest average intensity on 2θ were: 25.898o, 31.789o, 32.216o, 32.922o, 46.729o, and 49.524o.;Hydroxyapatite is the most phase-stable syntetic biomaterial compared to another calcium phospate material. Hydroxyapatite also has high similarity with bone which make it has wide application as syntetic bone graft. Purpose of this research is to study the effect of sintering time towards hydroxyapatite crystal?s purity. Hydroxyapatite made from chemical precursor CaCO3 and (NH4)2HPO4 was synthesized using hydrothermal method on 150oC and 300oC. Synthesized hydroxyapatite was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Analysis X-Ray (EDX). The result of characterization showed that highest average intensity on 2θ were: 25.898o, 31.789o, 32.216o, 32.922o, 46.729o, and 49.524o.;Hydroxyapatite is the most phase-stable syntetic biomaterial compared to another calcium phospate material. Hydroxyapatite also has high similarity with bone which make it has wide application as syntetic bone graft. Purpose of this research is to study the effect of sintering time towards hydroxyapatite crystal?s purity. Hydroxyapatite made from chemical precursor CaCO3 and (NH4)2HPO4 was synthesized using hydrothermal method on 150oC and 300oC. Synthesized hydroxyapatite was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Analysis X-Ray (EDX). The result of characterization showed that highest average intensity on 2θ were: 25.898o, 31.789o, 32.216o, 32.922o, 46.729o, and 49.524o., Hydroxyapatite is the most phase-stable syntetic biomaterial compared to another calcium phospate material. Hydroxyapatite also has high similarity with bone which make it has wide application as syntetic bone graft. Purpose of this research is to study the effect of sintering time towards hydroxyapatite crystal’s purity. Hydroxyapatite made from chemical precursor CaCO3 and (NH4)2HPO4 was synthesized using hydrothermal method on 150oC and 300oC. Synthesized hydroxyapatite was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Analysis X-Ray (EDX). The result of characterization showed that highest average intensity on 2θ were: 25.898o, 31.789o, 32.216o, 32.922o, 46.729o, and 49.524o.]"

"The present study focuses on the characterization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesized from flame under an atmospheric condition. A laminar flame burner was utilized to establish a rich premixed propane/air flame at the equivalence ratio ? = 1.8–2.2. The flame was impinged on a stainless steel wire mesh coated with nickel (Ni) catalyst to grow CNTs. Distribution and yield of the CNTs on the substrate were quantified. Carbon nanotubes formed on the substrate were harvested and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FESEM micrograph showed that the CNTs produced were in disarray. The synthesized CNTs were an average of 50–60 nm in diameter while the length of the tubes was in the order of microns. TGA analysis showed that 75% of CNTs were present in the sample and the oxidation temperature was 510°C."

"Penelitian ini melakukan pelapisan pada permukaan baja ST-37 dengan lapisan superhidrofobik nikel melalui proses elektrodeposisi dan treatment modifikasi asam palmitat dengan keuntungan lebih murah, hemat waktu dan ramah lingkungan. Pada proses elektrodeposisi diaplikasikan rapat arus yang berbeda yaitu 1,2,4,6 dan 8 A/dm2 dengan efesiensi arus 80%,81%,70%,91% dan 89%. Secara visual permukaan baja mengalami perubahan warna sebelum dan sesudah proses elektrodeposisi dan ketebalan lapisan meningkat seiring kenaikan rapat arus yaitu 0,021,0,051,0,106,0,161 dan 0,214 cm secara berurutan. Keterbasahan permukaan dianalisis dengan pengukuran sudut kontak air (WCA) dimana permukaan menunjukkan perubahan dari hidrofilik dengan sudut kontak air 50°-90° menjadi superhidrofobik dengan sudut kontak air tertin ggi 155° setelah di modifikasi menggunakan asam palmitat. Komposisi kimia dianalisis dengan Spektroskopi inframerah transformasi fourier (FTIR) dimana adanya gugus karbosil COO- muncul pada panjang gelombang 1634 cm−1 dan 1534 cm−1 di permukaan sampel yang telah dimodifikasi ini menjelaskan bahwa asam palmitat telah berada pada permukaan nikel. Morfologi permukaan setelah dimodifikasi menunjukan orientasi kristal yang berubah seiring dengan kenaikan rapat arus elektrodeposisi yaitu berbentuk bintang tanpa struktur mikro-nano menjadi kembang kol. Topografi permukaan dianaisis menggunakan AFM (Atomic force microscope) dimana tampak perbandingan kekasaran antara sampel modifikasi dan tanpa modifikasi dengan nilai Sa (Average roughness) dan Sq (Root mean square) yaitu nilai Sa 0,2959 nm dan Sq 0,3529 nm. Ketahanan korosi dari permukaan diselidiki oleh kurva polarisasi potensiodinamik dalam media korosif larutan NaCl 3,5 wt% hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa permukaan setelah modifikasi memiliki kinerja anti korosi yang baik dan memiliki laju korosi yang paling sedikit dibandingkan dengan permukaan yang tidak dimodifikasi yaitu 0,000098 dm/yr.

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In this research, the surface of ST-37 steel was coated with a superhydrophobic nickel layer through an electrodeposition process and modified palmitic acid treatment with the advantages of being cheaper, time-saving and environmentally friendly. In the electrodeposition process, different current densities were applied, namely 1,2,4,6 and 8 A/dm2 with a current efficiency of 80%,81%,70%,91% and 89%. Visually, the steel surface changes color before and after the electrodeposition process and the thickness of the layer increases with the increase in the current density, namely 0,021,0,051,0,106,0,161 and 0,214 cm respectively. The wettability of the surface was analyzed by measuring the water contact angle (WCA) where the surface showed a change from hydrophilic with a water contact angle of 50°-90° to superhydrophobic with the highest water contact angle of 155° after modification using palmitic acid. The chemical composition was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) where the presence of COO- carboxyl groups appeared at wavelengths of 1634 cm−1 and 1534 cm−1 on the surface of this modified sample, explaining that palmitic acid had been present on the nickel surface. The surface morphology after being modified showed that the crystal orientation changed with the increase in the electrodeposition current density, which was in the form of a star without a micro-nano structure to a cauliflower. The surface topography was analyzed using AFM (Atomic force microscope) where the ratio of the roughness between the modified and unmodified samples was seen with the values of Sa (Average roughness) and Sq (Root mean square), namely the values of Sa 0.2959 nm and Sq 0.3529 nm. The corrosion resistance of the surface was investigated by a potentiodynamic polarization curve in a corrosive medium of 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The results showed that the surface after modification had good anti-corrosion performance and had the least corrosion rate compared to the unmodified surface, which was 0.000098 dm/ yr."

"Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah hasil pengolahan kelapa sawit yang mengandung lignoselulosa yang terdiri dari 55,75% selulosa, 28,93% hemiselulosa dan 15,32% lignin. Secara kimawi, selulosa terikat dengan hemiselulosa dan lignin sehingga diperlukan delignifikasi untuk memisahkan selulosa dari komponen lignoselulosa lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan α-selulosa dari TKKS melalui proses delignifikasi dengan DES (Deep Eutectic Solvent), mendapatkan informasi mengenai pengaruh pretreatment asam oksalat dan natrium hidroksida, penambahan air, dan penggunaan Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) pada proses delignifikasi. Pelarut DES pada penelitian ini menggunakan Hydrogen Bond Acceptor (HBA), yaitu; kolin klorida (ChCl) dan Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD), yaitu asam laktat, urea, gliserol, dan asam oksalat yang dikombinasikan pada rasio molar HBA dan HBD 1:1, 1:2, dan 1:3. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan dengan metode Wet Chemistry dan Chesson-Data. Identifikasi α-selulosa dilakukan dengan pengamatan organoleptis, analisis Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar α-selulosa tertinggi, yaitu 89,16% diperoleh dari delignifikasi menggunakan ChCl:asam laktat (1:1) dengan penambahan air 15%. Waktu optimal pada penggunaan UAE adalah 30 menit dengan kadar α-selulosa 92,96%. α-selulosa yang dihasilkan berwarna kuning pucat dengan karakteristik yang mirip dengan standar sehingga TKKS berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai eksipien sediaan farmasi.

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Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) is a waste generated from palm oil processing that contains lignocellulosic biomass, which consists of 55.75% cellulose, 28.93% hemicellulose and 15.32% lignin. Chemically, cellulose is bound to hemicellulose and lignin so that delignification is needed to separate cellulose from other lignocellulosic components. This study aims to obtain α-cellulose from OPEFB through the delignification process of DES (Deep Eutectic Solvent), to find out information about the effect of oxalic acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatment, the addition of water, and the use of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE). DES solvent in this study used Hydrogen Bond Acceptor (HBA) choline chloride and Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD), namely lactic acid, urea, glycerol, and oxalic acid which would then be combined at 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 molar ratios. Quantitative analysis of α-cellulose content was carried out using Wet Chemistry and Chesson-Data methods. Identification of α-cellulose by organoleptic observation, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results showed that the highest α-cellulose content, which was 89.16%, was obtained from delignification using ChCl:lactic acid (1:1) with 15% water. Furthermore, the optimal time for using UAE was 30 minutes with α-cellulose 92,96%. The resulting α-cellulose has yellow pale color. The identification results showed similar characteristics to the standard so that has the potential to be further developed as pharmaceutical excipients."

"The global transition to sustainable energy necessitates efficient, eco-friendly hydrogen production methods. Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOECs) are promising for green hydrogen due to their high efficiency and ability to utilize waste heat. This research optimizes sintering temperatures for the LSCF-GDC/GDC | YSZ | Ni-YSZ cell configuration to enhance SOEC performance and longevity. The study examines varying sintering temperatures (800°C, 900°C, and 1000°C) and their impact on structural and electrochemical characteristics, using SEM-EDX. The findings reveal that higher sintering temperatures promote the formation of SrZrO3. Additionally, the research examines the delamination behavior of the anode at different temperatures, highlighting the critical role of temperature in maintaining structural integrity. At 1000°C, complete delamination occurs, whereas partial delamination at 900°C and no delamination at 800°C emphasize the need for precise temperature control. This delamination is hypothesized to be caused by is the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) between different cell materials. This study contributes to the ongoing efforts to optimize SOEC technology, providing valuable insights into material behavior under high-temperature conditions and guiding future advancements in sustainable hydrogen production.

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Transisi global menuju energi berkelanjutan memerlukan metode produksi hidrogen yang efisien dan ramah lingkungan. Sel Elektrolisis Oksida Padat (SOEC) menjanjikan untuk hidrogen hijau karena efisiensinya yang tinggi dan kemampuannya memanfaatkan panas limbah. Penelitian ini mengoptimalkan suhu sintering untuk konfigurasi sel LSCF-GDC/GDC | YSZ | Ni-YSZ guna meningkatkan kinerja dan umur panjang SOEC. Studi ini memeriksa berbagai suhu sintering (800°C, 900°C, dan 1000°C) dan dampaknya terhadap karakteristik struktural dan elektrokimia, menggunakan SEM-EDX. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa suhu sintering yang lebih tinggi mempromosikan pembentukan SrZrO3. Selain itu, penelitian ini memeriksa perilaku delaminasi anoda pada berbagai suhu, menyoroti peran penting suhu dalam menjaga integritas struktural. Pada suhu 1000°C, terjadi delaminasi lengkap, sedangkan delaminasi parsial terjadi pada suhu 900°C dan tidak terjadi delaminasi pada suhu 800°C, menekankan perlunya kontrol suhu yang tepat. Delaminasi ini diduga disebabkan oleh ketidakcocokan koefisien ekspansi termal (TEC) antara bahan sel yang berbeda. Studi ini berkontribusi pada upaya berkelanjutan untuk mengoptimalkan teknologi SOEC, memberikan wawasan berharga tentang perilaku material dalam kondisi suhu tinggi dan membimbing kemajuan masa depan dalam produksi hidrogen berkelanjutan."