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"Thesis ini secara khusus difokuskan untuk merencanakan pemasaran hasil pabrik pengolahan kelapa sawit 30 Ton/Jam Oleh PT. ISG. Tesis ini menggunakan analisis lingkungan usaha dan aspek pemasaran. Dari analisis lingkungan usaha menunjukkan bahwa industri kelapa sawit mempunyai peluang yang sangat besar. Hal ini terkait dengan permintaan akan hasil pengolahan kelapa sawit yang terus meningkat baik di dalam dan luar negeri. Selain itu hal ini didukung dengan adanya ketersediaan bahan baku yang berasal dari kebun sendiri menyebabkan proscs produksi dapat berjalan efektif dan efisien. Dari aspek pemasaran menunjukkan bahwa pemasaran hasil pabrik pengolahan kelapa sawit dipengaruhi oleh pajak ekspor. Dari kedua aspck tersebut dapat dikatakan bahwa rencana pemasaran pabrik pengolahan kelapa sawit mendukung kelayakan pendirian pabrik pengolahan kelapa sawit PT. ISG......This thesis is specifically planned to plan the marketing of 30 Ton/Hr palm oil products by PT. ISG. This thesis uses an analysis of the business environment and marketing aspects. The analysis of the business environment shows that the palm oil industry has enormous opportunities. This is related to the demand for palm oil processing products that continues to increase both at home and abroad. In addition, this is supported by the availability of raw materials originating from the plantation itself, causing the production process to run effectively and efficiently. From the marketing aspect, it shows that the marketing of palm oil processing mill products is influenced by export taxes. From the two aspects, it can be said that the marketing plan of the palm oil processing plant supports the establishment of the PT. ISG."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penerapan pajak ekspor atas produk minyak sawit kasar (crude palm oil/CPO) apakah berdampak terhadap produksi CPO, kuantitas ekspor CPO, serta harga ekspor CPO di Indonesia. Kami menggunakan data time series bulanan selama 13 tahun (156 bulan). Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pajak ekspor walaupun berdampak positif terhadap produksi namun tidak signifikan. Pengaruh pajak ekspor terhadap volume ekspor juga tidak signifikan meskipun arahnya sudah sesuai teori yaitu mengurangi volume ekspor. Pajak ekspor signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap harga ekspor CPO dari Indonesia.......This study aims to analyze the effect of the application of export taxes on crude palm oil (CPO) product which have an impact on CPO production, CPO exort quality, and CPO export price in Indonesia. We use monthly time series data for 13 year (156 month). The estimation results show that the application of export tax although positive for production but not significant. The effect of export tax on export volume is also insignificant even though the direction is in line with the theory of reducing export volume. The export tax has a significant positive effect on the price of CPO export from Indonesia."

"Studi ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisa dampak pajak ekspor CPO terhadap efisiensi produksi pada tingkat perusahaan industri CPO Indonesia. Dengan mengambil sampel data industri dan tarif pajak ekspor dari tahun 2002-2007, digunakan metode panel untuk mengestimasi dampak dari pajak ekspor CPO terhadap tingkat efisiensi produksi. Studi ini menemukan bahwa pajak ekspor dan tingkat konsentrasi industri memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap tingkat efisiensi produksi perusahaan di Industri CPO Indonesia selama periode 2002-2007. Di sisi lain, intensitas kapital dan produktivitas pekerja berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap efisiensi industri CPO, sementara ukuran perusahaan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan.

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This research is aimed to analyze the impact of export tax policy on firm productive efficiency in Indonesian CPO industry. Using industrial and export tax data from 2002 to 2007, this research used panel method to estimates the impact of CPO export tax on firm productive efficiency index. This research finds that export tax and industrial concentration have negative impact on firm productive efficiency in period 2002-2007. On the other side, capital intensity and labor productivity have positive impact on firm productive efficiency."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang faktor-faktor yangdapat menghambat perkembangan industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia.Penelitian ini, khususnya, ditujukan untuk menganalisa perkembangan industripengolahan kakao di Indonesia setelah penerapan bea keluar terhadap ekspor bijikakao (bahan baku bagi produk-produk olahan kakao); bagaimana respon dariindustri tersebut dan bagaimana distribusi harga diantara para pelaku dalam rantainilai kakao-coklat di Indonesia.Pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif digunakan dalam analisa penelitian ini.Analisa kualitatif digunakan untuk melihat secara deskriptif pola ekspor kakaoIndonesia, sebagai gambaran dari perkembangan industri pengolahan kakaoIndonesia. Selain itu, metode kualitatif juga digunakan untuk menganalisa rantainilai dari Kakao-Coklat di Indonesia. Analisa deskriptif juga dilakukan terhadaptrend harga biji kakao untuk melihat pembagian harga dan resiko antar pelakudalam rantai nilai kakao Indonesia akibat penerapan bea keluar ekspor biji kakaodan perubahan harga dunia biji kakao. Analisa kuantitatif dilakukan untuk melihatapakah penerapan bea keluar tersebut mempengaruhi perkembangan industripengolahan kakao Indonesia, melalui penawaran ekspor dari produk-produkolahan kakao Indonesia.Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa pasokan biji kakao yang tidak cukup untukpasar domestik, hambatan berupa bea masuk oleh negara-negara EU, danpermasalahan transportasi adalah permasalahan utama yang dapat menghambatperkembangan industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia. Dapat disimpulkan jugabahwa penerapan bea keluar untuk ekspor biji kakao adalah regulasi yang sangatefektif untuk menurunkan ketergantungan terhadap ekspor bahan baku padaekspor produk kakao Indonesia dan mendorong pengolahan domestik kakaodengan peningkatan ekspor produk-produk olahan kakao. Selain itu, penerapanbea keluar dan fluktuasi harga dunia untuk biji kakao dipandang menguntungkanpemerintah dan industri pengolahan kakao, tapi menyebabkan kerugian bagieksporter biji kakao dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap petani. Namun, suatumekanisme penetapan harga yang lebih baik antara petani dan industri sertaefektifitas dari keberadaan asosiasi atau organisasi petani dapat menjadi solusiuntuk membuat petani memperoleh keuntungan dari penerapan bea keluartersebut

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ABSTRACTThis paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition.;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer’s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition, This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper isintended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesiadue to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoaprocessing products); how they respond and how the price distribution amongstakeholders.Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. Thequalitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoaexports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processingindustry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically theprocessing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for thetrend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholdersin Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoabeans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis isdone to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects thedevelopment of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply ofthe Indonesian cocoa products.Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domesticmarket, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportationproblems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesiancocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction ofexport tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence onthe export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domesticprocessing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. Inaddition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoabeans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, butcauses loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers.However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors andthe presence of an effective farmer’s association or organization could be asolution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition]"

"Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam mengelola sumber daya benih lobster menuai polemik di tengah masyarakat. Permen KP Nomor 56 Tahun 2016 tentang pelarangan penangkapan dan pengeluaran benih lobster dari WPP NRI didasarkan pada isu keberlanjutan dari benih lobster itu sendiri. Namun di sisi lain, masyarakat khususnya nelayan akan dirugikan karena kehilangan pendapatan yang mencapai 54 milyar rupiah per bulan (Erlania et al., 2017). Pendapatan tersebut didapatkan pada saat sumber daya benih dikelola secara open access. Sementara itu, Permen KP No 12 Tahun 2020 berusaha untuk menanggulangi dampak ekonomi tersebut dengan mengizinkan kembali kegiatan penangkapan benih baik untuk kepentingan budidaya maupun ekspor. Isu keberlanjutan benih tersebut kemudian kembali muncul ke permukaan akibat dibukanya kembali kran ekspor tersebut. Berdasarkan polemik yang terjadi diatas, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan kerangka analisis penerapan kebijakan pajak ekspor sebagai alternatif dalam pengelolaan benih lobster Indonesia. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga akan membandingkan kesejahteraan total dari agen ekonomi dan isu keberlanjutan benih di setiap alternatif kebijakan. Berdasarkan hasil penghitungan, pajak ekspor memberikan total kesejahteraan paling besar diantara Permen KP No 56 Tahun 2016 dan Permen KP No 12 Tahun 2020 yaitu sebesar 211,5 juta USD, diikuti oleh Permen KP Nomor 12 Tahun 2020 sebesar 61,969,283.8 USD. Sementara itu, Permen KP No 56 Tahun 2015 justru akan menghilangkan pendapatan masyarakat, sehingga kesejahteraan total bernilai negatif. Dari sisi keberlanjutan benih lobster, pola sink population menyatakan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara ketersediaan benih dengan populasi lobster dewasa. Artinya, di semua alternatif kebijakan kegiatan penangkapan benih masih bersifat sustainable. Oleh karena itu, disimpulkan bahwa pada penelitian ini kebijakan pajak ekspor relatif lebih bermanfaat dibandingkan dengan kebijakan lainnya baik dari sisi kesejahteraan total maupun isu keberlanjutan sumber daya benih lobster.......The government's policy in managing lobster seed resources has drawn a polemic in the society. Ministerial Regulations of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 56 of 2016 concerning the prohibition of catching and releasing lobster seeds from fisheries management areas of the Republic of Indonesia based on the lobster seeds’ sustainability issue. On the other hand, the people, particularly fishermen, will be harmed with lost income reaching 54 billion rupiahs per month (Erlania et al., 2017). That income is obtained when seed resources are managed in an open-access way. Concurrently, Ministerial Regulations of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 12 of 2020 are trying to overcome the economic impact by allowing the activities of catching seeds for both cultivation and export purposes. The issue of sustainability then resurfaced due to the reopening of the export. Based on the polemic that occurred, this study aims to provide an alternative export tax policy in the management of Indonesian lobster seeds. Additionally, this study will also compare the total welfare of economic agents and the issue of sustainability in each policy alternative. Based on the calculation results, the export tax provides the total welfare of the other two policies, which is 211.5 million USD, followed by Ministerial Regulations of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 12 of 2020 in the amount of 61,969,283.8 USD. On the contrary, Ministerial Regulations of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 56 of 2016 will eliminate people's income so that total welfare is negative. In terms of sustainability, the sink population pattern of lobster seeds states that there is no significant relationship between seed availability and adult lobster populations. This means that in all alternative policies, seed catching activities are still sustainable. Therefore, it is concluded that in this study, the export tax policy is relatively more beneficial than other policies, both in terms of total welfare and sustainability issues."