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"LATAR BELAKANG : Awak pesawat khususnya penerbang tempur yang bekerja pada kondisi hipobarik akan mudah terpajan hipoksia jika tidak menggunakan perlengkapan Positive Pressure Breathing diatas ketinggian 39.500 kaki dan bila mengalami kondisi emergensi berupa loss of cabin pressurization. Selama melakukan manuver Positive Pressure Breathing akan membutuhkan kekuatan otot-otot ekspirasi, karena kerja otot ekspirasi menjadi aktif. Tingkat kesamaptaan jasmani yang baik diyakini dapat meningkatkan kemampuan latihan Positive Pressure Breathing. HIPOTESIS : Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan kebenaran hipotesis bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tingkat kesamaptaan jasmani A dan tingkat kesamaptaan jasmani B dengan durasi kemampuan latihan Positive Pressure Breathing. METODE : Pada simulasi latihan Positive Pressure Breathing subyek dipajankan terhadap tekanan 25 mmHg dan diinstuksikan untuk bernafas melawan tekanan tersebut sampai timbul kelelahan, tidak dapat berkomunikasi dan hiperventilasi. Kemampuan subyek pada latihan Positive Pressure Breathing dinilai dengan lamanya durasi bertahan. Tingkat kesamaptaan jasmani subyek dinilai dengan prosedur tes kesamaptaan jasmani yang diberlakukan di TNI AU. HASIL : Rata-rata tingkat kesamaptan jasmani 67,6 ± 5,6. Rata-rata durasi kemampuan latihan Positive Pressure Breathing 6,77 ± 1,49 detik. Pada analisis multivariate ditemukan adanya hubungan yang sedang antara tingkat kesamaptaan jasmani A (r = 0,285 ; p = 0,05) dan tingkat kesamaptan jasmani B (r = 0,292 ; p = 0,05) dengan durasi kemampuan latihan Positive Pressure Breathing. Repetisi gerakan sit up dalam tes kesamaptaan B memiliki hubungan yang kuat (r = 0,549 ; p = 0,000) dengan durasi kemampuan latihan Positive Pressure Breathing dan repetisi gerakan pull up dalam tes kesamaptaan B memiliki hubungan yang sedang (r = 0,347 ; p = 0,003) dengan durasi kemampuan latihan Positive Pressure Breathing. KESIMPULAN : Tingkat kesamaptaan jasmani A dan B dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi durasi kemampuan latihan Positive Pressure Breathing pada awak pesawat dan penerbang tempur. Latihan untuk menguatkan otot perut kemungkinan akan dapat mengurangi kelelahan yang terjadi saat melakukan manuver Positive Pressure Breathing.

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BACKGROUND : Air Crew especially fighter pilots who work in a hypobaric condition shall tend to exposed by hypoxia when flying above 39,000 ft and in an emergency condition such as loss of cabin pressurization if they don't use a Positive Pressure Breathing equipment. During Positive Pressure Breathing maneuver they shall require expiratory muscles strength that become active during this maneuver. Good fitness levels are believed to be able to increase endurance ability on Positive Pressure Breathing training.

HYPOTHESIS : This study aims to define correlation between fitness levels and durations of endurance ability on Positive Pressure Breathing Training.

METHODS : Subjects who underwent to Simulation of Positive Pressure Breathing Training were exposed to 25 mmHg and instructed to resist that they suffered until volitional fatigue, difficulty to communication and hyperventilation. They endurance ability on Positive Pressure Breathing Training was evaluated by measuring the exposure durations. Fitness levels were determined by using a standardized test protocol of Indonesian Air Force.

RESULTS : The mean value of fitness levels 67,6 ± 5,6 . The mean value of duration of endurance ability on Positive Pressure Breathing Training 6,77 ± 1,49 second. With multivariate analysis statistically aerobic fitness level had moderate positive correlation (r = 0,285 ; p = 0,05) and statistically muscle fitness level had moderate positive correlation too (r = 0,292 ; p = 0,05). Sit up item had a strong correlation (r = 0,549 ; p = 0,000) with ability on Positive Pressure Breathing Training durations. Pull up item had a moderate correlation (r = 0,347 ; p = 0,003) with ability on Positive Pressure Breathing Training durations.

CONCLUSION : The result indicate that the aerobic and muscle fitness level both can be used to predict duration of endurance ability on Positive Pressure Breathing performed by air crew and Indonesian Air Force fighter pilots. Training to strengthen abdominal muscle may reduce fatique while performing Positive Pressure Breathing maneuver."

"LATAR BELAKANG : Penerbang yang mengawaki pesawat tempur canggih memiliki peluang besar untuk terpajan gaya + Gz tinggi dengan durasi yang cukup lama (High Sustained G). Untuk mengurangi bahaya pajanan gaya ini, penerbang tempur harus melakukan Anti G Straining Maneuver (AGSM), padahal dikeluhkan bahwa AGSM yang harus dilakukan berulang-ulang dengan intensitas tinggi cepat mengakibatkan kelelahan. Diyakini bahwa tingkat kesamaptaan otot yang baik akan meningkatkan kemampuan penerbang bertahan terhadap High Sustained G. HIPOTESIS : Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan kebenaran hipotesis bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tingkat kesamaptaan jasmani B (kesamaptaan otot) dan durasi ketahanan tehadap High Sustained G. METODE : Subyek dipajankan terhadap gaya +8 Gz dan diinstruksikan untuk bertahan selama mungkin sampai merasakan kelelahan, dalam latihan Simulated Air Combat Maneuver (SACM) dengan Human Centrifiige. Ketahanan penerbang dinilai dengan lamanya durasi bertahan. Tingkat kesamaptaan jasmani B (kesamaptaan otot) subyek dinilai dengan prosedur test kesamaptaan jasmani yang diberlakukan di TNT AU. HASIL : Dari 25 orang pilot yang semula mengikuti penelitian ini, 2 orang dikeluarkan karena mengalami mabuk gerak yang parah. Rata-rata umur dan jam terbang subyek adalah 28,0 (SD 3,4) tahun dan 501,4 (SD 232,3) jam. Ditemukan adanya hubungan yang kuat antara tingkat kesamaptaan jasmani B (kesamaptaan otot) dengan durasi bertahan terhadap High Sustained G (r = 0,76 ; p < 0,01). Repetisi gerakan Push up dalam tes samapta B memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat dengan durasi ketahanan terhadap High Sustained G (r = 0,85., p < 0,01). KESIMPULAN Tingkat kesamaptaan jasmani B (kesamaptaan otot) dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi durasi bertahan terhadap High Sustained G di kalangan penerbang tempur TNT AU. Latihan beban dengan fokus pada kelompok otot dada kemungkinan akan dapat mengurangi kelelahan yang terjadi saat melakukan AGSM.

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BACKGROUND : Fighter pilots flying high performance airera is are often subjected to high levels of headword (+ Gz) acceleration. In order to reduce dangerous effect of this type of acceleration pilots must perform the Anti G Straining Maneuver (AGSM), eventhough there are a number of complaints that this repeated and high intensity maneuver is perceived very fatiguing. It seems that a good muscle fitness will increase pilot's High Sustained G endurance

HYPOTHESIS: This study aimed to define correlations between muscle fitness levels and High Sustained G durations.

METHODS : Subjects were exposed to +8 Gz plateaus during a Human Centrifuge Simulated Air Combat Maneuver (SACM) until volitional fatigue. High Sustained G endurances were evaluated by measuring the exposure durations. Muscle fitness levels were determined using a standardized test protocol of Indonesian Air Force.

RESULTS : Twenty five pilots participated in this study. Because of severe motion sickness 2 pilots were eliminated. Their age and flying hours averaged 28,0 (SD 3,4) years and 501,4 (SD 232,3) hours. Strong correlation was found between muscle fitness levels and High Sustained G durations (r = 0,75 ; p < 0,01). Push up test item had a very strong correlation with High Sustained G durations (r = 0,85 ; p < 0,01).

CONCLUSION The results indicate that the muscle fitness levels can be used to predict High Sustained G durations performed by Indonesian Air Force fighter pilots during SACM. Weight training focused on chest muscle groups may reduce fatigue while performing AGSM."