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Abstrak :
Food insecurity can result from various events. While an adequate food supply is necessary, when food is abundant the entitlement to food is limited by endowments, the ability to trade, and potential transfers. This volume considers trends in economic growth, agricultural productivity growth, income and other policies that shape food security.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Didapatkan informasi dari hasil penelitian ini inflasi harga rata-rata bahan makanan di RSU Al-Kamal baru mencapai 9,97 % setelah 2 tahun 3 bulan. Sedangkan dampak inflasi harga rata-rata tersebut memberikan kontribusi kenaikan total biaya pada periode akhir penelitian ini besarnya 11,33 % total biaya periode basis . Sementara kewajaran harga dengan substitusi harga survai RS Benchmarking - nya RSU Al-Kamal yaitu RSUD PR, ternyata harga RSU Al-Kamal lebih menghemat total biaya sebesar 6.57 % total biaya basis dibandingkan dengan menggunakan substitusi harga RSUD PR. Sayangnya pada peneltian ini tidak dilakukan substitusi harga dengan RS Benchmarking dari swasta dengan kriteria terbaik berdasarkan Neraca dan Laporan Sisa Hasil Usaha / Rugi Laba. Dengan substitusi harga berbagai sumber pasar ternyata harga " Makro " memang lebih hemat dari harga RSLT Al-Lanni dengan perbedaan senilai - 18.63 % total biaya basis, pasar tradisional lebih hemat dengan perbedaan senilai - 15.76 % total biaya basis, dengan " Tip Top " lebih hemat dengan perbedaan senilai -9.17 %, dengan "Ramayana" lebih hemat senilai -8.46 %. Sayangnya pada penelitian dengan substitusi harga survai Pasar ini tidak memperhitungkan perbedaan biaya pemesanan satu sama lainnya. Bervariasinya nilai efisiensi kontribusi penggunaan terhadap total biaya belanja bahan, terhadap produksi pelayanan makanan dan sasaran pelayanan makanan pada tiap periode : Pada Juli Agustus September 1996 nilai efisiensi penggunaan bahan makanan untuk produksi inefisien dengan nilai 0.64 % total biaya basis sementara sasaran keseluruhan naik 2.67 % sasaran periode basis. Sedangkan pada periode Juli Agustus September 1996 lebih efisien dengan nilai - 8.1 % total biaya sementara sasaran pelayanan makanan keseluruhan turun - 4.09 %. Sedangkan pada periode April Mei Juni 1997 lebih efisien namun nilainya cuma - 0.06 % sementara sasaran pada waktu itu naik 0.06 %. Dapat diinterpretasikan adanya kecenderungan dalam penggunaan bahan makanan Instalasi Gizi RSU Al-Kamal lebih cost efissien dalam situasi penurunan jumlah sasaran pelayanan. Sebagai saran penggunaan metode indeks harga ini dilanjutkan dan dilakukan pada keseluruhan bahan belanja operasional lainnya seraya melengkapi keterbatasan pada penelitian ini. Hasil pengukuran hendaknya didiskusikan dengan segenap karyawan untuk meningkatkan Cost Awareness segenap karyawan rumah sakit untuk meningkatkan efisiensi rumah sakit termasuk efisiensi belanja bahan operasional rumah sakit dengan tanpa mengurangi mutu dan penerimaan pelayanan rumah sakit oleh karyawan rumah sakit. Agar kelak rumah sakit dapat meraih keunggulan kompetitif dengan dukungan segenap karyawannya bagi kemajuan rumah sakit dan kemajuan mereka.

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ABSTRACT
Average of inflation rate of food supply purchasing price in this research to Al-Kamal Hospital below 9.97 % as long as two years three months since the base period or the first quarter of 1995. The contribution of the current inflation of total cost in the same period are 10.19 % of total cost in the base period. Meanwhile the level price in the current period with the substitution of survey benchmarking Al-Kamal Hospital with Pasar Rebo Jakarta Public Hospital (Pasar Rebo Hospital), actually Al-Kamal Hospital food supply price more efficient around of 6.57 % of the total cost Al-Kamal Hospital for dietary purchasing supply in the base period if compared with the substitution price of Pasar Rebo Hospital in the same current period. Unfortunately in this research did not applied price substitution with benchmarking private hospital with the best criteria that shown in the financial statement (balance sheet and profit or loss statement). It is recommended for the next time survey to the other surveyor. Substitution price of several market showed that "Makro" price more efficient than the Al-Kamal Hospital food supply price, the difference around .-18,63 % of total cost in the base period. The Traditional Market price more efficient than the Al-Kamal food supply purchasing price, the difference around ? 15,76 % of the total cost price in the base period. The `Tip Top' market price more efficient than the Al-Kamal food supply price, the difference around -9.17 % of the total cost price in the base period. The "Ramayana" market price more efficient than the Al-Kamal food supply price, the difference around - 8.46 % of the total cost price in the base period. Unfortunately, no order cost were included in substitution price in the market survey. It is recommended for the next survey to compare order cost too. The contribution of efficiency value are variance upon the total cost price for each period , such as : in July, August and September 1996 efficiency value of usage food compare with total value of production food were inefficiency around 0.64 % of total cost in the base period, meanwhile the objective of total consumer daily increased 2.67 % in the same period. Than in July, August and September 1996 efficiency value of usage food compare with total value of production food were efficiency around - 8.1 % total cost price in the base period, meanwhile the objective of total consumer daily decreased - 4.09 %. Than in April, May and June 1997 efficiency value of usage food compare with total value of production food were efficiency only - 0.06 % of total cost price in the base period, meanwhile the objective of total consumer daily increased 0.06 %. It could be interpreted that the use of total cost price in usage food supply for production food more cost efficiency in the decrease of total consumer daily than the increased of total consumer daily. The recommendation of the price index method in this survey could be continued not limited hut to all of the hospital purchasing material supply. The result of total cost, price, usage, production and consumer daily measurement with price index method have to be discussed to all employee involved in the hospital, to increase their Cost Awareness to the development of the hospital efficiency included efficiency in purchasing material supply without decrease in quality and delivery of hospital services by them self; to reach the best competitive advantage for them and their hospital, etc. References : 19 (1977 - 1996)

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Dewasa ini jumlah rumah sakit di Indonesia meningkat dengan cepat, terutama di Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Seiring dengan itu kesadaran masyarakat akan kesehatan, daya beli masyarakat dan tuntutan masyarakat akan mutu pelayanan juga meningkat. Akibat perkembangan tersebut terjadi persaingan yang makin ketat antara rumah sakit. Cara untuk memenangkan persaingan adalah dengan optimalisasi pelayanan serta efisiensi. Salah satu Cara peningkatan efisiensi adalah dengan melaksanakan pengawasan dan pengendalian yang baik yang merupakan bagian dari manajemen. Diambilnya pengawasan dan pengendalian di Instalasi Gizi Rumah Sakit Mitra Keluarga karena : 1. Dana yang diserap cukup besar yaitu 22% dari belanja rumah sakit 2. Dari pengamatan selama residensi di Instalasi Gizi Rumah Sakit Mitra Keluarga Jakarta Timur diperoleh kesan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan pengawasan dan pengendalian ada hal-hal yang belum dilaksanakan sebagaimana mestinya dan adanya penyimpangan-penyimpangan 3. Bidang ini sering terlewat dari pengamatan serta perhatian manajer Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengawasan dan pengendalian di Instalasi Gizi Rumah Sakit Mitra Keluarga Jakarta Timur dilaksanakan serta sampai dimana efisiensi tercapai. Hasil penelitian didapat : 1. Perbandingan pembelian dan pemakaian bahan makanan dengan jumlah pasien 2. Dapat ditariknya kesimpulan adanya penyimpangan-penyimpangan dalam pembelian dan pemakaian bahan makanan sehingga terkesan belum adanya pengawasan dan pengendalian yang optimal 3. Perlunya dilakukan pembenahan seperlunya atas sumber daya manusia dan metode pengawasan dan pengendalian 4. Untuk dapatnya dilakukan pembenahan serta pelurusan pengawasan dan pengendalian di Instalasi Gizi Rumah Sakit Mitra Keluarga Jakarta Timur masih diperlukan penelitian yang lebih rnendalam serta uji coba agar didapatkan suatu sistim pengawasan dan pengendalian yang handal serta sesual dengan situasi dan kondisi di Rumah Sakit Mitra Keluarga Jakarta Timur.

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ABSTRACT Recently the amounts of a hospital in Indonesia rapidly increase, especially in Jakarta and its surrounding. Accordingly the social concern in health, abilities of paying of the people and the people's demand on service quality also increase. As the result of this development, increasing also occurs in case of winning the market among the hospitals. One way to win the competition is by improving the supervision and control, which are part of management. Supervision and Control in the Nutrition Installation of Mitra Keluarga Hospital Jakarta Timur, has been chosen as topics for several reasons, namely: 1. The budget being absorbed from the whole hospital budget is considerably large, approximately 22%. 2. The writer has found the impression of improper execution and deviation of the supervision and control during the process in the Nutrition installation of MitraKeluarga Hospital. 3. We frequently disregard this field, ignored and unobserved by most of the ' hospital's managers. This research has meant to know how far the affectivity of supervision and control system, and they have achieved efficiency. Results have been achieved: 1. Comparation between purchasing and the use of food stuff against an amount of the patients. 2. Conclusion of the present duration in purchasing and the use- of food stuff, and as the result is the impression that they have not achieved optimal supervision and control yet. 3. The necessity of sufficient improvement upon people and supervision and control methods. 4. It's needed more intensive research and trial to improve and straighten the supervision and control of nutrition installation at the Mitra Keluarga Hospital, so it's could be wished, then, that a highly effective supervision and control system which is suitable to the situation and condition of the Mitra Keluarga Hospital is achieved.

Abstrak :
Studi ini berfokus pada merancang model rantai pasok Halal terintegrasi untuk produk makanan ayam yang mencakup seluruh proses rantai pasokan, dimulai dari pengadaan bahan baku yang dibutuhkan untuk produk makanan ayam hingga distribusi akhir produk kepada konsumen akhir. Tujuannya adalah memastikan bahwa seluruh rantai pasokan mengikuti standar Halal, mulai dari pengadaan bahan baku hingga distribusi produk akhir. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sistem dinamis, model ini mempertimbangkan sifat dinamis dari rantai pasokan, termasuk faktor-faktor seperti perubahan permintaan dan tingkat inventaris. Sebuah studi kasus tentang produk makanan ayam menguji efektivitas model ini. Temuan-temuan tersebut menekankan pentingnya mengintegrasikan persyaratan Halal pada setiap tahap sesuai dengan kebijakan jaminan Halal di Indonesia. ......This study focuses on designing an integrated Halal supply chain model for chicken food products that encompasses the entire supply chain process, starting from the sourcing of ingredients required for chicken food products and extending to the final distribution of the products to end consumers. The aim is to ensure that the entire supply chain follows Halal standards, from sourcing ingredients to distributing the final product. By using a dynamic system approach, the model considers the dynamic nature of the supply chain, including factors like demand changes and inventory levels. A case study on chicken food products validates the effectiveness of the model. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating Halal requirements at each stage according to halal assurance policy in Indonesia.