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"Deforestation speed was increasing fastly from 1,87 million ha/year on the 1985-1997 period to 2,6 million ha/year on 1998-2000 period. This increase in speed cause many problems such as: a decrease in environment quality, the drastic decrease in forest timber production which affects timber supply,etc. There are many factors affecting a change in the forest coverage. At first, management of Forest Utilization Right (HPH) and the development of timber industry are perceived as the cause of the increase in deforestation speed. However, there are other argument that propose an increase in the number of farmers and nomad farmer in forest area as the cause the change in forest coverage. The purpose of this study is to get a picture of the direct cause of the change in forest coverage. This study use panel data method for 19 provinces from 1976 to 2000. The results show that there is a positive relationship between speed of deforestation and forest coverage. Logging activity and forest conversion contribute to the change in forest coverage where forest conversion has bigger impact on the speed of deforestation. This analysis indicates that forest conversion is the maior cause of deforestation in Indonesia. The conversion of forest into plantation is the major cause of deforestation in Indonesia. On the other hand the number of small farmers or people live in forest area has very little impact on deforestation. "

"Daerah Aliran Sungai Citarum ditetapkan sebagai DAS prioritas oleh Kementrian Lingkugan Hidup dan Kehutanan, yang berdasarkan kondisi lingkungan, sosial, ekonomi, dan kebijakan pembangunan wilayah perlu diberikan prioritas dalam penanganannya. Kurangnya koordinasi antar sektor dalam pengelolaan lingkungan di Indonesia tercermin dalam kasus pengelolaan DAS Citarum. Tujuan dari riset ini adalah menganalisis pola interaksi para pihak, perencanaan dan realisasi anggaran; penutupan hutan; dan pola interaksi para pihak yang berkelanjutan. Metode riset yang digunakan adalah analisis spasial menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG), analisis sosial kelembagaan menggunakan Actor Network Theory (ANT), dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa pola interaksi membentuk jaringan aktor yang lemah dengan nilai Betweenness Centrality 7,02%; perencanaan dan realisasi anggaran belum optimal; penutupan hutan pada tahun 2019 sebesar 24,51% yang artinya belum mencapai syarat keberlanjutan DAS. Kesimpulan riset ini adalah Gubernur, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, dan Perum Perhutani sebagai aktor kunci perlu menyediakan wadah untuk menyatukan gagasan dan anggaran dari semua pihak, guna menambah hubungan antar aktor sehingga sentralitas pada jaringan menjadi kuat dan kebutuhan dana dapat tercukupi. Pola interaksi para pihak dalam pengelolaan penutupan hutan yang berkelanjutan mendukung penambahan penutupan hutan yang meningkatkan daya tampung dan daya dukung DAS, melindungi keanekaragaman hayati, dan mendukung keberlanjutan hulu DAS Citarum.

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The Citarum Watershed is designated as a priority watershed by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, based on environmental, social, economic and regional development policies that need to be given priority of the management. The lack of coordination between sectors in environmental management in Indonesia is reflected in the case of Citarum Watershed Management. The purpose of this research is to analyze the pattern of stakeholder interaction; planning and budget realization; forest coverage; and the sustainable pattern of stakeholder interaction. The research method used are spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), institutional social analysis using Actor Network Theory (ANT), and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the pattern of stakeholder formed a weak actor network with a value of 7.02% Betweenness Centrality; budget planning and realization is not yet optimal; forest coverage in 2019 was 24.51%, which means that the sustainale of the watershed has not been achieved. The conclusion of this study is the Governor, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Perum Perhutani as key actors who need to provides a platform for bringing together ideas and budgets from all stakeholders, increase the relationship between actors so that centrality in the network becomes strong and funding needs can be fulfilled. The sustainable pattern of stakeholder interaction in forest coverage supports increasing forest coverage that increases the carrying capacity of the watershed, protects biodiversity, and supports sustainability of the upper Citarum Watershed."