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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti interaksi dinamis antara volatilitasharga minyak mentah Indonesia dan kapasitas fiskal (pendapatan pemerintah danpengeluaran pemerintah) dengan variabel kontrol yaitu jumlah uang beredar,produk domestik bruto dan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dollar Amerika Serikatpada periode tahun 2000 - 2014. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah VECM(Vector Error Correction Model). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapatinteraksi dinamis jangka pendek yang signifikan antara volatilitas pertumbuhanharga minyak mentah Indonesia dengan pertumbuhan pendapatan pemerintah,pertumbuhan pengeluaran pemerintah, pertumbuhan jumlah uang beredar,pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pergerakan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dollar AmerikaSerikat. Sedangkan dalam jangka panjang volatilitas pertumbuhan harga minyakmentah Indonesia berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan pengeluaranpemerintah.

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ABSTRACTThis research aims to examine the dynamic interaction between theIndonesian crude price volatility and fiscal capacity (government revenue andgovernment expenditure) with the control variable that was money supply, grossdomestic products and exchange rate on the period of 2000 - 2014. To analyze therelationship VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) was used. The result of theresearch shows a significant existence of short term dynamic interaction betweenthe growth of Indonesian crude price and the growth of government revenue, thegrowth of government expenditure, the growth of money supply, the economicgrowth and the movement of exchange rate. While for a long term, the growth ofIndonesian crude prices significantly influences the growth of governmentexpenditure."

"[Penelitian ini membahas tentang implementasi kebijakan atas kenaikan tarif retribusi parkir di Kota Batam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis implemetasi kebijakan atas kenaikan tarif retribusi parkir di KotaBatam, menganalisis kendala yang timbul dari kebijakan atas kenaikan tarif retribusi parkir di Kota Batam dan untuk menganalisis upaya apa saja yang dapat dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Batam dalam mengatasi kendala- kendala yang timbul atas kebijakan kenaikan tarif retribusi di Kota Batam. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metodepengumpulan data secara pustaka dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa kebijakan kenaikan tarif retribusi parkir dilatarbelakangi oleh dorongan untuk menaikkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kota Batam dan meminimalisir kebocoran pererimaan dari pendapatan retribusi parkir. Permasalahan yang timbul dari kebijakan atas kenaikan tarif retribusi di Kota Batam ini adalah adanya adanya tanggapan negatif dari masyarakat tentang kenaikan tarif karena kurangnya sosialisasi, adanya parkir ilegal, juru parkir yang tidak jujur, adanya hambatan dari preman dan penguasa lahan parkir dan parkir berlangganan yang tidak berjalan optimal. Hasil dari penelitian ini implementasi kebijakan belum berjalan dengan optimal sesuai yang diharapkan dikarenakan banyak kendala yangtimbul di lapangan. Upaya untuk mengatasi kendala adalah dengan melakukan sosialisasi, peningkatan pengawasan, penertiban parkir liar, penataan sistem parkir dan mengoptimalkan parkir berlangganan.......This study discusses the implementation of the policy in increasing of parking rates in Batam. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of the policy on the rate increase parking fees in Batam, analyze the issues that came from rate increase policy of parking fees in Batam and to analyze what efforts can be made by Batam’s Government in overcoming the problems that have occurred from rate increase policy of parking fees in Batam. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach to data collection methods in literature and unstructured interviews with qualitative data analysistechniques. The results of this study stated that the rate increase policy of parking fees motivated by the urge to raise Pendapatan Asli daerah (PAD) of Batam and minimize revenues leakage of parking fees. The issues that came from rate increase policy of parking fees in Batam is the existence of negative feedback from the community about the rate increase because the lack of socialization, theexistence of illegal parking, corrupt parking attendants, the civillians, irresponsible landowners and nonoptimal parking subscribe. The results of this study of policy implementation has not run optimally as expected due to many issues that arise in the field. Efforts to overcome the issues is the socialization, increased supervision, control of illegal parking, arrangement of the parkingsystem and optimization of parking subscribe.;This study discusses the implementation of the policy in increasing ofparking rates in Batam. The purpose of this study was to analyze theimplementation of the policy on the rate increase parking fees in Batam, analyzethe issues that came from rate increase policy of parking fees in Batam and toanalyze what efforts can be made by Batam’s Government in overcoming theproblems that have occurred from rate increase policy of parking fees in Batam.The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach to data collectionmethods in literature and unstructured interviews with qualitative data analysistechniques. The results of this study stated that the rate increase policy of parkingfees motivated by the urge to raise Pendapatan Asli daerah (PAD) of Batam andminimize revenues leakage of parking fees. The issues that came from rateincrease policy of parking fees in Batam is the existence of negative feedbackfrom the community about the rate increase because the lack of socialization, theexistence of illegal parking, corrupt parking attendants, the civillians,irresponsible landowners and nonoptimal parking subscribe. The results of thisstudy of policy implementation has not run optimally as expected due to manyissues that arise in the field. Efforts to overcome the issues is the socialization,increased supervision, control of illegal parking, arrangement of the parkingsystem and optimization of parking subscribe.;This study discusses the implementation of the policy in increasing ofparking rates in Batam. The purpose of this study was to analyze theimplementation of the policy on the rate increase parking fees in Batam, analyzethe issues that came from rate increase policy of parking fees in Batam and toanalyze what efforts can be made by Batam’s Government in overcoming theproblems that have occurred from rate increase policy of parking fees in Batam.The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach to data collectionmethods in literature and unstructured interviews with qualitative data analysistechniques. The results of this study stated that the rate increase policy of parkingfees motivated by the urge to raise Pendapatan Asli daerah (PAD) of Batam andminimize revenues leakage of parking fees. The issues that came from rateincrease policy of parking fees in Batam is the existence of negative feedbackfrom the community about the rate increase because the lack of socialization, theexistence of illegal parking, corrupt parking attendants, the civillians,irresponsible landowners and nonoptimal parking subscribe. The results of thisstudy of policy implementation has not run optimally as expected due to manyissues that arise in the field. Efforts to overcome the issues is the socialization,increased supervision, control of illegal parking, arrangement of the parkingsystem and optimization of parking subscribe., This study discusses the implementation of the policy in increasing ofparking rates in Batam. The purpose of this study was to analyze theimplementation of the policy on the rate increase parking fees in Batam, analyzethe issues that came from rate increase policy of parking fees in Batam and toanalyze what efforts can be made by Batam’s Government in overcoming theproblems that have occurred from rate increase policy of parking fees in Batam.The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach to data collectionmethods in literature and unstructured interviews with qualitative data analysistechniques. The results of this study stated that the rate increase policy of parkingfees motivated by the urge to raise Pendapatan Asli daerah (PAD) of Batam andminimize revenues leakage of parking fees. The issues that came from rateincrease policy of parking fees in Batam is the existence of negative feedbackfrom the community about the rate increase because the lack of socialization, theexistence of illegal parking, corrupt parking attendants, the civillians,irresponsible landowners and nonoptimal parking subscribe. The results of thisstudy of policy implementation has not run optimally as expected due to manyissues that arise in the field. Efforts to overcome the issues is the socialization,increased supervision, control of illegal parking, arrangement of the parkingsystem and optimization of parking subscribe.]"

"This research aims to prove the hypothesis on patterns between government revenue and expenditure. The research results will add to the tax-spend debate literature. By selecting 17 developing countries as samples, the research uses the Engle-Granger co-integration approach to test the temporal relationship hypothesis between revenue and expenditure. The research found that revenue and expenditure influence one another is Egypt, Guyana, Indonesia, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Oman, Malaysia, Sierra Lyne, Turkey, Tunisia and the Maldives, which supports the Fiscal Synchronization Hypothesis. These countries try to increase revenue and cut spending simultaneously in an effort to control their budget deficits. In Chad, Mali and Uganda expenditure influences revenue which supports the Expenditure-Revenue Hypothesis. Fiscal policy in these three countries should aim to control expenditure in an effort to create revenue and manage the budget deficit. In Cameroon, Pakistan and Bahrain it was found that there is no relationship between revenue and expenditure, which supports the Different Institution Hypothesis. Further research is needed to measure long-term behavior patterns between revenue and expenditure and to examine the limited role of laws and budget processes. This could include the integration of several growth determinants on expenditure and revenue as related to the national budget."