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Abstrak :
Prevalensi pre-frail tinggi pada usia lanjut dan kondisi tersebut dapat berubah menjadi frail. Kolekalsiferol diduga memiliki potensi untuk memperbaiki sindrom frailty pada usia lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh kolekalsiferol terhadap kekuatan genggam tangan, kecepatan berjalan serta reseptor vitamin D (vitamin D receptor/VDR), interleukin-6 (IL-6), dan insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) monosit pada usia lanjut dengan pre-frail. Uji klinis acak tersamar ganda dilakukan di Poliklinik Geriatri RSCM pada bulan April–Desember 2021. Sebanyak 120 subjek dirandomisasi menjadi kelompok yang mendapat kolekalsiferol 4.000 IU/hari (60 subjek) serta kelompok yang mendapat plasebo/hari (60 subjek). Seluruh subjek mendapat suplementasi kalsium laktat 500 mg /hari. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 12 minggu. Terdapat 57 subjek pada kelompok kolekalsiferol dan 56 subjek pada kelompok plasebo yang menjalani penelitian hingga selesai. Analisis intention to treat dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi luaran kekuatan genggam tangan dan kecepatan berjalan, sedangkan analisis per protokol untuk mengevaluasi VDR, IL-6 dan IGF-1 monosit. Pada akhir pengamatan, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kekuatan genggam tangan (p = 0,228), kecepatan berjalan (p = 0,734), VDR monosit (p = 0,45), IL-6 monosit (p = 0,57) dan IGF-1 monosit (p = 0,72) antara kedua kelompok perlakuan. Tidak ada korelasi antara perubahan VDR, IL-6 dan IGF-1 monosit dengan kekuatan genggam tangan dan kecepatan berjalan. Terdapat peningkatan kadar 25(OH)D yang bermakna pada masing-masing kelompok perlakuan dan peningkatan bermakna pada kelompok kolekalsiferol dibandingkan plasebo. Pemberian kolekalsiferol 4.000 IU pada usia lanjut pre-frail 12 minggu meningkatkan kadar 25(OH)D secara bermakna, namun belum terbukti dapat memperbaiki kekuatan genggam tangan, kecepatan berjalan, meningkatkan VDR dan IGF-1 monosit serta menurunkan IL-6 monosit. Fungsi ginjal memiliki pengaruh terhadap efek kolekalsiferol pada IGF-1 monosit. Kolekalsiferol meningkatkan jumlah monosit dengan IGF-1+ pada eGFR > 90, namun tidak pada eGFR 30–59. ......Pre-frail prevalence is higher in the elderly. Frailty status is a dynamic condition. Pre-frail can fall into a frail condition. Cholecalciferol is regarded to have potential effect to improve frailty syndrome in the elderly. This study aimed to determine the effect of cholecalciferol on hand grip strength, walking speed, vitamin D receptors, IL-6, and IGF-1 monocyte in pre-frail elderly. A randomized double-blind clinical trial study at the RSCM Geriatric Polyclinic was conducted from April to December 2021. A total of 120 subjects were randomized into groups receiving 4000 IU cholecalciferol/day (60 subjects) and groups receiving placebo/day (60 subjects). All subjects received calcium lactate supplementation 500 mg/day. Observations were made for 12 weeks. There were 57 subjects in the cholecalciferol group and 56 subjects in the placebo group who completed the study. An intention to treat analysis was performed to evaluate the output of hand grip strength and walking speed, while a per protocol analysis was performed to evaluate monocyte VDR, IL-6 and IGF-1.There were no significant differences in hand grip strength (p = 0,228), walking speed (p = 0,734), VDR monocyte (p = 0,45), IL-6 monocyte (p = 0,57) and IGF-1 monocyte (p = 0,72) between treatment groups. There were no correlation between changes in the VDR, IL-6 and IGF-1 monocytes with changes in hand grip strength and walking speed. There was a significant increase in 25(OH)D levels in each group and a significant difference between groups. Supplementation of cholecalciferol 4.000 IU daily for 12 weeks increased serum 25(OH)D level significantly, however it did not improve hand grip strength and walking speed, and did not affect VDR, IL-6 and IGF-1 monocytes in pre-frail elderly. Kidney function had an influence on the effect of cholecalciferol on monocyte IGF-1. Cholecalciferol increased the number of monocytes with IGF-1+ at eGFR > 90, but not at eGFR 30–59.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Malnutrisi merupakan faktor independen yang berhubungan dengan morbiditas, mortalitas dan tingginya biaya pengobatan sirosis hati. Kekuatan Genggam Tangan (KGT) merupakan suatu metode yang sering digunakan untuk mendeteksi malnutrisi dan menilai prognosis pasien. Hubungan KGT dengan Skor Child Pugh (CP) dan massa otot masih dalam kontroversi. Indonesia sampai saat ini belum memiliki data tersebut

Metode : Studi potong lintang pada pasien sirosis hati di poliklinik hepatobilier RSCM dari Februari-Juni 2015. Status nutrisi dinilai berdasarkan KGT. Massa otot diukur menggunakan bioimpedans. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji korelasi spearman

Hasil : Terdapat 115 pasien yang kontrol di poliklinik hepatobilier RSCM, 112 pasien memenuhi kriteria penelitian, terdiri dari 79 laki-laki dan 33 perempuan. Usia pasien rata-rata 54,15±10,55 tahun, median skor CP 6(5-13) dengan median KGT 26(11-50) kgF, rata-rata massa otot 44,43±8,12 kg. Median asupan energi 1334,82(604,75-3023,7) kkal, median protein 45,87(19-114,5) gram. Prevalensi malnutrisi berdasarkan KGT ditemukan sebanyak 33%. Kekuatan genggam tangan tidak berkorelasi dengan skor CP (p 0,046, r=-0,19) namun berkorelasi dengan massa otot (p <0,001, r= 0,70) Simpulan Terdapat 33% kasus malnutrisi berdasarkan KGT pada pasien sirosis rawat jalan. KGT tidak berkorelasi dengan skor Child Pugh namun berkorelasi dengan massa otot pasien sirosis hati.ABSTRACT
Background : Malnutrition is independent factor related to morbidity, mortality and high cost of treatment in liver cirrhosis. Hand grip strength (HGS) is one of the method use for malnutrition detection and prognosis evaluation. The correlation of HGS with liver function (Child Pugh or CP score) and muscle mass is controversial. These important evaluation is not yet avalaible in Indonesia.

Method : This is a cross-sectional study in liver cirrhosis patients at Hepatobiliary clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from February to June 2015. Nutritional status was assessed by HGS. Muscle mass was obtained from bioimpedance. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation test.

Results : There were 115 patients liver cirrhosis at Hepatobiliary clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, 112 patients who fit the inclusion criteria, consisted of 79 men and 33 women with mean age 54,15±10,55 years, median CP score 6(5-13) with median HGS 26 (11-50) kgF, mean muscle mass 44,43±8,12 kg. The median intake of energy 1334,82(604,75-3023,7) kkal, median protein 45,87(19-114,5) gram. Prevalence of malnutrition according HGS was 33%. Hand grip strength is not correlated with CP score (p 0,046, r=-0,19) however it is correlated with muscle mass (p<0,001, r= 0,70) Conclusion There are 33% malnutrition cases based on HGS in out patient liver cirrhosis. There is no correlation between hand grip strength with Child Pugh score however HGS is correlated with muscle mass in liver cirrhosis.;Background : Malnutrition is independent factor related to morbidity, mortality and high cost of treatment in liver cirrhosis. Hand grip strength (HGS) is one of the method use for malnutrition detection and prognosis evaluation. The correlation of HGS with liver function (Child Pugh or CP score) and muscle mass is controversial. These important evaluation is not yet avalaible in Indonesia.

Method : This is a cross-sectional study in liver cirrhosis patients at Hepatobiliary clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from February to June 2015. Nutritional status was assessed by HGS. Muscle mass was obtained from bioimpedance. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation test.

Results : There were 115 patients liver cirrhosis at Hepatobiliary clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, 112 patients who fit the inclusion criteria, consisted of 79 men and 33 women with mean age 54,15±10,55 years, median CP score 6(5-13) with median HGS 26 (11-50) kgF, mean muscle mass 44,43±8,12 kg. The median intake of energy 1334,82(604,75-3023,7) kkal, median protein 45,87(19-114,5) gram. Prevalence of malnutrition according HGS was 33%. Hand grip strength is not correlated with CP score (p 0,046, r=-0,19) however it is correlated with muscle mass (p<0,001, r= 0,70) Conclusion There are 33% malnutrition cases based on HGS in out patient liver cirrhosis. There is no correlation between hand grip strength with Child Pugh score however HGS is correlated with muscle mass in liver cirrhosis.;Background : Malnutrition is independent factor related to morbidity, mortality and high cost of treatment in liver cirrhosis. Hand grip strength (HGS) is one of the method use for malnutrition detection and prognosis evaluation. The correlation of HGS with liver function (Child Pugh or CP score) and muscle mass is controversial. These important evaluation is not yet avalaible in Indonesia.

Method : This is a cross-sectional study in liver cirrhosis patients at Hepatobiliary clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from February to June 2015. Nutritional status was assessed by HGS. Muscle mass was obtained from bioimpedance. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation test.

Results : There were 115 patients liver cirrhosis at Hepatobiliary clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, 112 patients who fit the inclusion criteria, consisted of 79 men and 33 women with mean age 54,15±10,55 years, median CP score 6(5-13) with median HGS 26 (11-50) kgF, mean muscle mass 44,43±8,12 kg. The median intake of energy 1334,82(604,75-3023,7) kkal, median protein 45,87(19-114,5) gram. Prevalence of malnutrition according HGS was 33%. Hand grip strength is not correlated with CP score (p 0,046, r=-0,19) however it is correlated with muscle mass (p<0,001, r= 0,70) Conclusion There are 33% malnutrition cases based on HGS in out patient liver cirrhosis. There is no correlation between hand grip strength with Child Pugh score however HGS is correlated with muscle mass in liver cirrhosis.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kekuatan genggam tangan dengan jarak tempuh enam menit pada remaja sehat. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada remaja sehat di lingkungan kelurahan Kenari dan Utan Kayu Selatan, Jakarta. Pengukuran kekuatan genggam tangan menggunakan Jamar hidrolik dinamometer sesuai protokol the American Society of Hand Therapist (ASHT). Pengukuran jarak tempuh enam menit berdasarkan uji jalan lintasan 15 meter sesuai dengan modifikasi protokol uji oleh Nusdwinuringtyas dkk. Penelitian ini melibatkan 61 orang subjek (30 subjek laki-laki dan 31 perempuan) berusia 14.87 ± 1.28 tahun pada subjek laki-laki dan 14.45 ± 1.73 tahun pada subjek perempuan, tingkat pendidikan subjek di dominasi oleh SMP (64%), dengan BB laki-laki 53.95±7.33 Kg, perempuan 49.40±5.86 Kg, TB laki-laki 163.47±8.4 cm, perempuan 155.61±5.66 cm, IMT 20.12±1.67 Kg/m2 pada remaja laki-laki dan 20.35±1.62 Kg/m2. Hasil uji Spearman menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi sedang (r=0.418, P=0.001) pada tangan dominan saat inspirasi, korelasi lemah (r=0.383, P=0.002) pada tangan dominan saat ekspirasi, korelasi lemah (r=0.338, P=0.008) pada tangan non dominan saat inspirasi, korelasi lemah (r=0.312, P=0.014) pada tangan non dominan saat ekspirasi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu terdapat korelasi antara kekuatan genggam tanagn dengan jarak tempuh enam menit pada remaja sehat. ......This study aims to determine the relationship between hand grip strength and six-minute walking distance (6MWD) in healthy adolescents. This research is a cross-sectional study on healthy adolescents in Kenari and Utan Kayu Selatan sub-districts, Jakarta. Hand grip strength was measured using a Jamar hydraulic dynamometer according to the protocol of the American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT). The 6MWD was measurement based on the modified test protocol on 15-meter walk test by Nusdwinuringtyas et al. This study involved 61 subjects (30 boys and 31 girls subjects) aged 14.87 ± 1.28 years in boys subjects and 14.45 ± 1.73 years in girls subjects, the education level was dominated by junior high school (64%), with boys weight 53.95±7.33 Kg, girls 49.40±5.86 Kg; boys height 163.47±8.4 cm, girls 155.61±5.66 cm; BMI 20.12±1.67 Kg/m2 in boys and 20.35±1.62 Kg/m2. The results showed that there was a moderate correlation (r=0.418, P=0.001) in the dominant hand during inspiration, a weak correlation (r=0.383, P=0.002) in the dominant hand during expiration, in the non-dominant hand during inspiration (r=0.338, P=0.008), and in the non-dominant hand during expiration (r=0.312, P=0.014). This study concludes that there is a correlation between hand grip strength and 6MWD in healthy adolescents.

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ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Kekuatan genggam tangan (KGT) merupakan metode pemeriksaan yang mudah, murah, cepat dan dapat digunakan secara bedside pada pasien yang dirawat. Data mengenai hubungan KGT dengan parameter status nutrisi lain selama perawatan di rumah sakit di Indonesia belum tersedia Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan KGT dengan nilai subjective global assessment (SGA), antropometri, analisis bioimpedans dan biokimia pada awal dan akhir perawatan. Metode : Ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang pada pasien yang dirawat inap di ruang perawatan penyakit dalam RS. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Status nutrisi dinilai berdasar SGA. Indeks masa tubuh (IMT), corected arm muscle area (cAMA), arm fat area (AFA) dihitung secara antropometri. Masa otot dan masa lemak tubuh didapat dari analisis bioimpedans. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji anova, pearson dan uji T. Hasil : Terdapat 131 pasien terdiri dari 102 laki-laki dan 29 perempuan dengan rerata umur 45,6 ± 14.2 tahun. Pada awal dan akhir perawatan didapatkan perbedaan KGT yang bermakna antara status nutrisi baik dan malnutrisi sedang maupun malnutrisi berat tetapi tidak ada perbedaan KGT antara malnutrisi sedang dan malnutrisi berat (p<0.001). Kekuatan genggam tangan berkorelasi dengan cAMA (r=0,47 dan 0,49), masa otot tubuh (r=0,67 dan 0,55) dan albumin (r=0,23 dan 0,28). Tidak ada hubungan antara KGT dengan AFA, masa lemak tubuh dan IMT. Tidak ada perbedaan KGT antara pasien yang mencapai target nutrisi berdasar SGA dan yang tidak (p=0,81). Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan KGT yang bermakna antara status nutrisi baik dan malnutrisi sedang dan antara nutrisi baik dan malnutrisi berat. Tidak ada perbedaan KGT antara malnutrisi sedang dan malnutrisi berat. Nilai KGT berkorelasi dengan cAMA, masa otot tubuh dan albumin tetapi tidak berkorelasi dengan AFA, masa lemak tubuh dan IMT. Tidak ada hubungan antara pencapaian target nutrisi berdasar SGA dengan nilai KGT

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ABSTRACT
Background : Hand grip strength (HGS) is an easy, cheap and quick method and can be used bedside in hospitalized patient. Data about HGS correlation with other nutrition status parameters in hospital are not yet provided in Indonesia Objective : To find relation among HGS with the value of subjective global assessment (SGA), anthropometry, bioimpedance analysis and albumin at the beginning and end of hospitalization. Methods : This is a cross-sectional study from hospitalized patients at medical ward Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Nutritional status assessed by SGA. Body mass index (BMI), corected arm muscle area (cAMA), arm fat area (AFA) were calculated by anthropometry. Muscle mass and a body fat obtained from the bioimpedance analysis. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson and T test. Results : There were 131 patients consisted of 102 men and 29 women with mean age of 45.6 ± 14.2 years. At the beginning and end of the hospitalization there is significant HGS differences between good nutritional status with moderately malnourished and severely malnourished, but no HGS differences between moderately malnourished and severely malnourished (p <0.001). Hand grip strength was correlated with CAMA (r=0.47 and 0.49), muscle mass (r=0.67 and 0.55) and albumin (r=0.23 and 0.28) and was not correlate with AFA, body fat and BMI. There was no HGS difference between patients who achieved nutrition targets based on SGA and who did not (p=0.81). Conclusion : There are significant HGS differences between good nutritional status and moderate malnutrition and good nutritional status and severe malnutrition. There is no HGS differences between moderately malnourished and severely malnourished. Hand grip strength was correlated with cAMA, muscle mass and albumin but did not correlate with the AFA, body fat and BMI. There was no corelation between nutritional achievement based on SGA with HGS value

Abstrak :
Peningkatan kasus diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dengan berbagai komplikasinya memberikan dampak gangguan fungsional seseorang dalam bentuk gangguan kognitif dan kapasitas fisik. Keduanya masih reversibel dan baru diketahui berhubungan sehingga disebut sebagai PhysioCognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS). Kondisi PCDS baru dipelajari pada lansia dan belum spesifik pada penyandang DMT2. Tujuan Mengetahui korelasi antara kendali glikemik dengan komponen physiocognitive decline syndrome pada penyandang DMT2 dewasa usia pertengahan. Metode Studi potong lintang menggunakan consecutive sampling dari pasien di poliklinik metabolik endokrin dan poli jantung terpadu sejak Januari 2021 – November 2022. Subjek DMT2 berusia 40 – 59 tahun diinklusi. Pemeriksaan kekuatan genggam tangan, dan kecepatan berjalan 6-meter diperiksakan di ruangan standar. MoCA-Ina dilakukan oleh dokter yang telah dilatih. Data HbA1c subjek yang diperiksa adalah HbA1c 3 bulan terakhir. Analisis korelasi Pearson’s atau Spearman’s pada SPSS 20.0 dilakukan sesuai sebaran data. Hasil Sebanyak 133 subjek telah dianalisis. Usia median mencapai 53 tahun dengan proporsi laki-laki dan perempuan serta komplikasi pada masing-masing kateori kendali glikemik (batas HbA1c 7,0%) serupa. Subjek didominasi dengan pendidikan SMA dan Sarjana/Diploma. Median durasi terdiagnosisnya diabetes melitus mencapai 7 tahun dengan HbA1c median 7.6%. Nilai MoCA-Ina pada subjek mencapai nilai median 24 dengan kecepatan berjalan rerata 1.02 + 0.23 m/detik dan median kekuatan genggam tangan 24 kg. Terdapat korelasi bermakna hanya pada HbA1c dengan kekutan genggam tangan (r = -0.24, R2 = 0.06, p value <0.01), terutama pada perempuan Kesimpulan Terdapat korelasi bermakna antara kendali glikemik dan kekuatan genggam tangan. ......Increasing cases of type 2 diabetes melitus (T2DM) including its complication have caused functional dysfunction consisted of cognitive decline and physical incapacity. Both cognitive decline and physical incapacity had been just known to be reversible and related to each other, so it is termed as PhysioCognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDS). However, it had been just evaluated in geriatric and not specific to T2DM patient. To investigate the correlation between glycaemic correlation and component of physiocognitive decline syndrome in middle-aged adult with T2DM. A cross sectional study with consecutive sampling in our metabolic and endocrine clinic and integrated heart centre in January 2021 – November 2022 had been conducted. Inclusion criteria was 40 – 59 years old subjects with T2DM. Measurement of HbA1c in the last 3 month were analysed, while hand grip strength and gait speed were done in standard room. MoCA-Ina had been conducted by trained doctor. Correlation analysis using Pearson’s or Spearman’s in SPSS 20.0 was done according to data distribution. 133 subjects were analysed. Median age was 53 years old with both sex and complication within each glycaemic control category (HbA1c 7,0% cut off) were similar. Subjects were dominated by high school and undergraduate/diploma education level. Most subjects were diagnosed in up to 7 years of T2DM. Median of HbA1c levels in our study was 7.6%. MoCA-Ina score was 24 in median with mean of gait speed was 1.02 + 0.23 m/s. Our median for hand grip was 24 kg. Significant correlation was only found in relationship of HbA1c and hand grip strength (r = -0.24, R2 = 0.06, p value <0.01). There was significant correlation between glycaemic control and hand grip strength.

Abstrak :
Penuaan adalah proses alamiah yang dapat dilihat dari penurunan massa otot atau sarkopenia. Sarkopenia merupakan masalah karena terkait dengan peningkatan risiko jatuh. Oleh karena itu, kemampuan fisik orang usia lanjut perlu diketahui sejak awal. Pengukuran kekuatan genggam tangan digunakan untuk mengukur kekuatan otot tangan dan timed up and go test digunakan untuk mengukur mobilitas fungsional. Sampai saat ini korelasi keduanya belum diketahui sehingga korelasi keduanya perlu diteliti di samping mencari rerata keduanya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 73 pasien usia lanjut di Poliklinik Geriatri RSCM berupa pengukuran kekuatan genggam tangan dengan dinamometer Jamar dan TUGT dengan pengukur waktu. Uji normalitas data tersebut dilakukan dan diikuti dengan uji korelasi Spearmann. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang bermakna dengan hubungan menengah r=-0,568, p=0,000 . Rerata kekuatan genggam tangan dalam mean yang didapatkan adalah sebesar 19,1 kg sedangkan rerata mobilitas fungsional yang didapatkan dalam median adalah sebesar 12,8 5,9-30,9 s. ......Aging is a normal process happened and can be viewed from muscle mass reduction or sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is problematic since it is correlated with higher fall risk. Based on that finding, early measurement of physical performance of elderly is a necessary. Hand grip strength can be measured to assess hand muscle strength while timed up and go test TUGT is used to assess functional mobility. However, correlation of both variable hasn rsquo t been clearly explained thus makes this research is needed. This research was also done to measure the average of hand grip strength and functional mobility on elderly patient. This research was done on elderly patient in Geriatric Policlinic of RSCM by measuring hand grip strength using Jamar dynamometer and measuring TUGT using stopwatch. Correlation between two variables are calculated by Spearmann correlation test after being tested their normality using normality test. The result showed there are significantly meaningful moderate correlation between hand grip strength and functional mobility p 0,000, r 0,568 . The average of the hand grip strength is 19,1 kg in mean and the average of the functional mobility is 12,8 5,9 30,9 s in median.