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"Economic development contributes to integration and trade dynamics among countries. From now on, with global economic crisis as background setting, market diversification seems to be an appropriate strategy to minimize the hazardous impact on Indonesia's trade balance performance. It appears that the Middle East is a promising region with Turkey, Tunisia dan Morocco as potential trade partners. An Intra Industry Trade (IIT) analysis shows that Indonesia experiences a relatively higher trade integration with Turkey compared to those with Tunisia and Morocco. In the meantime , a constant Market Share Analysis (CMS) analysis indicates that the existing export dynamics is convergence for potential products. These products of animal and vegetable fats and oils , wood and wood products and rubber and rubber products vary in decomposition effects in each trade partner. Combination of market intelligence and export product differentiation is considered as a comprehensive recommendation in first round stage for the Indonesia - Middle East FTA"

"Coal is the main commodity required by various countries as a substitute for petroleum as an energy source. This study aims to look at the competitiveness of Indonesian coal exports and the development of Indonesian coal in eight countries of export destination and want to study the effect of the ratio of the price of coal, the export destination country's GDP, exchange rate, and the value of RCA against Indonesian coal exports. Export destinations in this study are China, India, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines and the study period is 2002-2012.. This study uses RCA index, EPD, and IIT and panel data regression analysis. The results show that in general the development of export coal to eight destination countries has increased. RCA results show Indonesian coal generally has a comparative advantage in the eight countries of export destination. Based on EPD index, almost in all destination countries except Hong Kong, Indonesia coal competitive position is a rising star. Based on the method of IIT, the nature of Indonesia's trade with all destination countries except Hong Kong are weak integration that is no integration. Variables that affect the volume of coal exports is real GDP export destinations, the real exchange rate of export destinations, and RCA. Meanwhile, the Indonesian coal price ratio does not significantly affect the volume of Australian coal exports."

"Thesis ini menggunakan metode data panel untuk melihat dampak ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) terhadap Perdagangan Intra-Industri (IIT) Indonesia-China untuk produk tekstil. IIT diukur menggunakan indeks Grubel dan Lloyd dan akan didekomposisi menjadi IIT horizontal, IIT Vertikal Bawah, dan IIT Vertikal Atas. Berbeda dengan kebanyakan penelitian empiris sebelumnya, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perjanjian tersebut secara signifikan berdampak negatif terhadap IIT horizontal, IIT vertical bawah , dan IIT vertical atas. Studi ini juga mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penentu IIT lainnya sebagai variabel terkontrol, seperti kesenjangan ukuran ekonomi, keterbukaan perdagangan, ketidakseimbangan perdagangan, dan kondisi COVID-19. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan ukuran ekonomi secara signifikan meredam IIT horizontal dan IIT vertikal bawah. Lebih lanjut, meningkatnya ketidakseimbangan perdagangan tampaknya menurunkan semua jenis IIT. Sementara itu, keterbukaan perdagangan meningkatkan IIT Horizontal, IIT Vertikal Bawah, dan IIT Vertikal Atas. Kondisi COVID-19 juga menyebabkan keterlibatan LVIIT dan UVIIT.......This thesis assesses the ASEAN-China free trade area's impact on Indonesia-China intra-industry trade for textile products, using the panel data method. The Intra-industry Trade (IIT) is measured using the Grubel and Lloyd index and will be decomposed into horizontal IIT, Lower Vertical IIT, and Upper Vertical IIT. Unlike most previous empirical studies, this article estimates that the agreement negatively and significantly affects the horizontal, lower side of vertical IIT and upper side of vertical IIT. This study also identifies other IIT determinants as a controlled variable, such as the economic size gap, trade openness, trade imbalance, and COVID-19 conditions. The result indicates that the differences in economic size significantly dampen the horizontal IIT and lower-vertical IIT. Furthermore,  the increased trade imbalance seems to decrease all IIT types. Meanwhile, trade openness is found to enhance horizontal IIT, Lower Vertical IIT, and Upper Vertical IIT. The COVID-19 condition also leads to LVIIT and UVIIT engagement."