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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Title: This study was aimed to assess the house hold mothers sanitation ( source of drinking water) and hygiene factors (Time of hand washing with soap) and it?s association to ascariasis of their under five years old children in the district of Sikka Nusa Tenggara West Timor (NTT) province. Stool samples were collected from 640 children from Sikka district. The prevalence of Intestinal ascaris infection was 12.50 % in this study. According to the education mother?s only 2.3% of mothers have high education,while in a huge percentage 66.56% of mothers have low level of education. 32.20% of mother have some kind of activities to earn the money. Highet percentage of children are related in the age group between 1-3 years, but only 0.13% of children have relationship to the group of under one years . According to the nutritional status of children almost half percent of children were under nutrition. By source of drinking water the highest percentage 76.56% of house hold mothers use safe drinking water. According to the activities of hand washing with soap most of house hold mother do not have this habit. While hand washing with soap after cleaning the child defecation is a donminent variable in this study (Protective) with (OR 0.40 CI 95% 0,24 ? 0,65). While in this study we do not find any significant difference of the independent variables to dependent variabe of ascariasis.

Abstrak :
Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian bayi dan balita di Indonesia. Berdasarkan Survai Kesehatan Rumah Tangga tahun 1986 yang dilakukan oleh Departemen Kesehatan, ISPA menempati urutan paling atas dalam daftar penyebab kematian seluruh golongan umur (13,7%) dan menurut pola penyakit pada bayi didapatkan ISPA 42,4% dan pada umur 1-4 tahun 40,6. Dalam Pelita IV prioritas utama dalam bidang kesehatan adalah penurunan angka kematian bayi, yang di galakkan dalam kegiatan terpadu K5-Kesehatan (Posyandu) tetapi belum terlihat adanya program khusus untuk menanggulangi ISPA. Keterbatasan sumber dana operasional menyebabkan pemberantasan ISPA terlambat di mulai walaupun sudah sejak lama diketahui bahwa masalah ISPA di Indonesia sangat besar. Di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia, pola kebiasaan hidup erat hubungannya dengan tingginya "rate" dari ISPA yang disebut sebagai faktor risiko yang berhubungan erat dengan tingkat sosial ekonomi seperti tinggal dilingkungan yang padat, ventilasi rumah yang kurang, polusi asap dapur, pendidikan yang rendah, higiene perorangan yang buruk dan sebagainya. Maka mengurangi atau menghindari faktor risiko merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat mencegah terjadinya ISPA. Dengan dasar hal-hal diatas maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko tersebut dan seberapa jauh pengaruhnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kohort prospektif pada 534 balita yang dipilih secara random sampling pada tiap berdasarkan pemilikan barang dalam keluarga. Pemantauan dilakukan selama tiga bulan untuk melihat jumlah episod ISPA yang terjadi. Teknik analisa yang digunakan adalah Chi Square, RR dan Logistik Regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh terbesar untuk jumlah episod ISPA ringan secara berturut-turut adalah pencemaran udara, pendidikan ibu, gizi balita, umur balita dan imunisasi. Untuk jumlah ISPA sedang pengaruh terbesar berturut-turut adalah pemilikan barang dalam keluarga, pencemaran udara dan kepadatan dalam rumah. Selanjutnya disarankan agar dilakukan perbaikan kesehatan lingkungan, dalam hai ini terutama ditujukan pada perbaikan perumahan yang tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan, penyuluhan tentang pengaruh buruk dari merokok pada kesehatan balita, meningkatkan pendidikan kesehatan pada ibu-ibu balita mengenai ISPA. Juga disarankan untuk meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi dan meningkatkan gizi balita di Posyandu serta menambah keterampilan ibu balita untuk dapat meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga. Terakhir disarankan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut tentang pengaruh faktor-faktor risiko yang tidak dapat di buktikan dalam penelitian ini.

Abstrak :
[Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi merupakan salah satu bidang yang rawan untuk terjadinya kontaminasi silang antara pasien-dokter gigi, pasien-pasien dan pasien perawat. Kontrol Infeksi dapat mencegah terjadinya infeksi silang. Tujuan: Melihat hubungan Pengetahuan, Perilaku dan Faktor Lingkungan terhadap keberhasilan upaya Kontrol infeksi pada Mahasiswa Program Profesi Fakultas Kedokteran gigi Univesritas “x” di Jakarta. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan cross sectional dengan Model penelitian Sequential Explonatory design. Penelitian dilakukan pada Mahasiswa Program Profesi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas “X” di Jakarta yang sudah melewati pendidikan profesi selama 2 (dua) semester, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 101 mahasiswa. Hasil: Upaya Kontrol Infeksi pada Mahasiswa Program Profesi Fakultas Kedokteran gigi universitas “X” di Jakarta masih kurang baik.Ini dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, perilaku dan faktor lingkungan masih kurang baik dan mempunyai p value < 0,05 sehingga mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan terhadap upaya kontrol infeksi. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan dan Perilaku dapat ditingkatkan dengan membentuk program yang berisikan promosi kesehatan dalam bentuk poster-poster, standart operasional prosedur berdasarkan standard precautions dan seminar-seminar bagi mahasiswa program profesi fakultas kedokteran gigi;Background: Dentistry is one of a science which has a high sensitivity to caused cross-contamination between the patient-dentist, patient-patient and patient-nurse. Infection control may prevent cross-infection. Objective: Knowing the relationship between Knowledge, Behavior and Environmental Factors with successfull of Infection Control by the students of Professional Program Study of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas "x" in Jakarta. Methods: The method used is cross sectional with research model Sequential Explonatory Design. The study which has the total sample of 101 students was conducted and involved the students of Professional Program Study of the Faculty of Dentistry, University "X" in Jakarta, which has passed the professional education for two (2) semesters. Results: Infection Control Efforts conducted by the student of Professional Program Study Faculty of Dentistry, University "X" in Jakarta is not maximal. It was affected by the Knowledge, Behavior and Environmental Factors which not good enough and has a p value <0.05 and therefore has a significant relationship which infection control effort. Conclusion: Knowledge and Behavior can be improved by establishing a program containing health promotion in the form of posters, standard operating procedures based on standard precautions and seminars for the students of Professional Program Study of the faculty of dentistry., Background: Dentistry is one of a science which has a high sensitivity to caused cross-contamination between the patient-dentist, patient-patient and patient-nurse. Infection control may prevent cross-infection. Objective: Knowing the relationship between Knowledge, Behavior and Environmental Factors with successfull of Infection Control by the students of Professional Program Study of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas "x" in Jakarta. Methods: The method used is cross sectional with research model Sequential Explonatory Design. The study which has the total sample of 101 students was conducted and involved the students of Professional Program Study of the Faculty of Dentistry, University "X" in Jakarta, which has passed the professional education for two (2) semesters. Results: Infection Control Efforts conducted by the student of Professional Program Study Faculty of Dentistry, University "X" in Jakarta is not maximal. It was affected by the Knowledge, Behavior and Environmental Factors which not good enough and has a p value <0.05 and therefore has a significant relationship which infection control effort. Conclusion: Knowledge and Behavior can be improved by establishing a program containing health promotion in the form of posters, standard operating procedures based on standard precautions and seminars for the students of Professional Program Study of the faculty of dentistry.]

Abstrak :
Thoroughly revised and updated for its Fourth Edition, a comprehensive reference on hospital epidemiology and infection control. Written by over 150 leading experts, this new edition examines every type of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infection and addresses every issue relating to surveillance, prevention, and control of these infections in patients and in healthcare workers. This new edition features new or significantly increased coverage of emerging infectious diseases, avian influenza, governmental regulation of infection control and payment practices related to hospital-acquired infections, molecular epidemiology, the increasing prevalence of community-acquired MRSA in healthcare facilities, system-wide infection control provisions for healthcare systems, hospital infection control issues following natural disasters, and antimicrobial stewardship in reducing the development of antimicrobial-resistant organisms.