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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
The village communities in Indonesia are known as having extraordinary wisdom in maintaining their respective living resources. They have future-vision thinking and deeply understand to pick the meaning of biodiversity in the daily life.

Desa adat Tenganan Pegringsingan is a traditional village located in the eastern Bali, 17 km. from Karangasem and 65 km from the capital city Denpasar. The settlement is situated in a valley surrounded by a range of hills from east, north to west. The hill in the east is called 'Bukit kangin' in north is called 'Bukit kana' and in the west is called 'Bukit kauh'. The village represents one of the ancient villages in Bali inhabited by the Bali Aga community with the special typical of life, social structure, traditions, custom, and religion principles different from those or other Balinese regions.

The hilly environment consisting of traditional forests, dry field, and orchards. These landscape unit are the community?s source of life. The landscape and its biodiversity are thought as still keeping their originality doe to the community's traditional knowledge and management of nature. The brief observation alone can show the result of a successful way of the peoples tradition in keeping their environment mostly intact.

The aim of this research is to gain an understanding of the traditional community's concept about their landscape and environment, their efforts in arranging the landscape unit and their contents as well as the management of natural resources in the context of the community?s social-culture- The research is conducted in exploratory manner using phenomenological approach to understand the people's opinion from their own viewpoint. It was etno-methodology that analyzes the community's viewpoint based on the original concept as expressed in their language.

Selections of samples are done with purposive sampling and the data are collected through an in-depth interview, direct participation and observation in the site. Data of the cover vegetation is investigated in the field through the micro landscape (home yard), the meso landscape (settlement landscape) and macro landscape (regional landscape). The cover vegetations of the home yard and the settlement landscape are gained through inventory. investigation of the regional landscape (macro landscape)is conducted through inventory of cover vegetations by tracking the ?kiasiran? in the hills. Recording of data of plants in each klasiran is done by grouping them into trees, bushes or clumps, herbs and liana together with their local and botanical names.

Data analyzes is using a combination of descriptive-qualitative and quantitative analysis which then presented in three papers, consisting of: 1) the oommunity's value that base on understanding of the landscape, 2) the study of spatial and the cover vegetations, and 3) the management of plant diversity by the community of Bali Aga Tenganan Pegringsingan.

The result of this study demonstrate that the philosophy of life, religion and the local community wisdom of the Tenganan Pegringsingan people are the basis of their understanding of the landscape which formed by their cosmological concept. The landscape is the creation of Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa /the supreme being that constitutes the space of living, the source of water, the protecting place and the place to perform vertical and horizontal relationship.

The pattern and the structures of home yard, the settlement and the region landscape are formed by the integration of the Dualism concept, cosmological system (?Tapak Dara") and ?Tri Hita Karana? concept.

The basis of the people management of landscape and plant diversity are rooted from their social religious life, their strong culture institution, and the role of ?Desa pekraman? (the village member) itself. All these are in line with the mission of the sustainable development concept that supports the conservation ideas.

Abstrak :
Konvensi keanekaragaman hayati pada dasarnya berisi ketentuan yang meminta negara-negara untuk melestarikan keanekaragaman hayati memanfaatkan dan mengembangkan komponen-komponennya secara berkelanjutan dan membagi keuntungan dari hasil pemanfaatan sumber daya gen secara adil dan merata. Indonesia yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang sangat tinggi tenyata belum memanfaatkan secara maksimal justru negara lain yang memanfaatkannya.Tulisan ini menyoroti hal tersebut dalam perspektif hubungan internasional.

Abstrak :
Dinoflagellata merupakan organisme eukariotik yang memiliki karakteristik khusus seperti adanya flagellar dan klorofil. Dinoflagellata toxin producer menghasilkan racun salah satunya yaitu Ciguatoksin penyebab Ciguatera Fish Poisonig (CFP). Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Gili Meno, Gili Air, dan Gili Trawangan yang umum disebut dengan Gili Matra, merupakan perairan laut yang berada di Kabupaten Lombok Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisis kelimpahan, menganalisis dominansi, dan menganalisis korelasi antara parameter lingkungan dengan dinoflagellata bentik penyebab CFP yang menempati substrat buatan di Perairan Gili Matra. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah substrat buatan dan analisis data menggunakan indeks kekayaan, kemerataan, keanekaragaman, dominansi serta korelasi Spearman. Teramati genus Amphidinium, Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostropsis, dan Prorocentrum. Hasil perhitungan keseluruhan indeks berada pada kriteria rendah hingga sedang. Korelasi positif terlihat pada 5 dari 12 parameter lingkungan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, terdapat korelasi positif antara parameter suhu, TSS, DO, nitrit, dan amonia terhadap kelimpahan dinoflagellata bentik, kelimpahan sel dinoflagellata bentik tertinggi didominasi oleh dinoflagellata dari genus Coolia. ......Dinoflagellates are eukaryotic organisms that have special characteristics such as the presence of flagellar and chlorophyll. Dinoflagellate toxin producers produce toxins, one of which is Ciguatoxin which causes Ciguatera Fish Poisonig (CFP). Aquatic Tourism Parks (TWP) Gili Meno, Gili Air, and Gili Trawangan, commonly known as Gili Matra, are marine waters located in North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The aims of this study were to identify, analyze abundance, analyze dominance, and analyze the correlation among environmental parameters and benthic dinoflagellates that cause CFP that occupy artificial substrates in Gili Matra Waters. The artificial substrates were used and Spearman's correlation were used to analyze the richness, evenness, diversity, and dominance. The genera Amphidinium, Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostropsis, and Prorocentrum were observed. The results of the calculation of the overall index are in the low to moderate criteria. The highest abundance of benthic dinoflagellate cells were dominated by the genera Coolia. Positive correlations were seen from 5 of 12 environmental parameters. The conclusion of this study, there is a positive correlation between the parameters of temperature, TSS, DO, nitrite, and ammonia on the abundance of benthic dinoflagellates, the highest abundance of benthic dinoflagellate cells is dominated by dinoflagellates from the genera Coolia.

Abstrak :
On biodiversity and environmental management in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Pada tahun 2017, COP CBD menetapkan 4 kawasan laut Indonesia sebagai Kawasan Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) yaitu Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion, Raja Ampat and Northern Bird’s Head, Southern Straits of Malacca, dan Upwelling Zone of the Sumatra-Java Coast. Tujuan dari diadopsinya EBSAs adalah untuk berfokus pada upaya pengeloaan dan konservasi ekosistem laut. Penetapan Kawasan EBSAs ini seharusnya disambut baik oleh Pemerintah Indonesia terutama karena komitmennya dalam mensinergikan pengelolaan kawasan laut dengan mengedepankan aspek lingkungan hidup. Namun, pembangunan PLTU di Teluk Sepang yang merupakan kawasan EBSA Upwelling Zone of the Sumatra-Java Coast mendapatkan ijin sehingga terdapat gugatan Warga Teluk Sepang Bengkulu terhadap Gubernur Bengkulu atas pembangunan tersebut. Penelitian dengan metode yuridis normatif ini berkesimpulan bahwa pengelolaan kawasan laut Indonesia yang ditetapkan sebagai kawasan EBSAs diatur melalui PP 32 Tahun 2019 dan PP Nomor 21 Tahun 2021, namun pengaturan pengelolaan kawasan EBSAs tersebut belum memadai. Hingga saat penelitian ini dilakukan, hanya Kawasan EBSA Raja Ampat yang telah memiliki kepastian hukum sebagai kawasan konservasi. Penerapan Kebijakan pengelolaan kawasan laut Indonesia yang ditetapkan sebagai Kawasan EBSAs masih lemah. Putusan Hakim hanya menyandarkan pada kerugian faktual sebagai syarat adanya kepentingan sehingga hakim belum menilai pokok perkara. Apabila hakim mempertimbangkan sampai pada pokok perkara, penelitian ini menyarankan hakim untuk mempertimbangkan EBSA sebagai soft law sebagai dasar pertimbangan hukum dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap Kawasan EBSA tersebut. ......In 2017, COP CBD designated 4 Indonesian marine areas as Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) namely Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion, Raja Ampat and Northern Bird's Head, Southern Straits of Malacca, and Upwelling Zone of the Sumatra-Java Coast. The adoption of EBSAs is to focus on efforts to manage and conserve marine ecosystems. The determination of the EBSAs area should be welcomed by the Government of Indonesia, especially because of Indonesia’s commitment to synergize the management of marine areas by prioritizing environmental aspects. However, the construction of the PLTU in Sepang Bay, which is in the EBSA Upwelling Zone of the Sumatra-Java Coast area, received a permit so there was a lawsuit from the Bengkulu residents of Sepang Bay against the Bengkulu Governor for the development. By using the normative juridical method, this study concludes that the management of Indonesian marine areas designated as EBSAs was regulated through Government Regulation Number 32 of 2019 and Government Regulation Number 21 of 2021. Management of the EBSAs area through those regulations was not adequate. At the time this study was conducted, only the Raja Ampat EBSA Area had legal certainty as a conservation area. The implementation of policies for managing Indonesian marine areas designated as EBSAs was still weak. The judge's decision only relied on factual losses as a condition of interest so the judge had not assessed the subject matter of the case. This study suggests the judge consider EBSA as a soft law as the basis for legal considerations in providing protection for the EBSA Area when the judge considers getting to the point of the case

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman Cyanobacteria di perairan Situ Agathis, Kenanga, dan Ulin-Salam Kampus Universitas Indonesia Depok pada bulan Januari--Maret 2005. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan plankton net dengan mata jaring 20 μm yang ditarik secara horizontal. Parameter lingkungan perairan yang diukur, antara lain suhu perairan, intensitas cahaya matahari, pH, kecerahan, dan konduktivitas. Hasil identifikasi dan pencacahan sampel di ketiga situ diperoleh dua bangsa Cyanobacteria, yaitu Chroococcales dan Oscillatoriales. Cyanobacteria yang ditemukan di Situ Agathis sebanyak 7 jenis, di Situ Kenanga sebanyak 9 jenis, dan di Situ Ulin-Salam sebanyak 6 jenis. Jenis-jenis yang ditemukan adalah Arthrospira sp., Borzia sp., Chroococcus sp., Merismopedia sp., Microcystis aeruginosa, Microcystis sp., Oscillatoria agardhii, Oscillatoria sp. 1, Oscillatoria sp. 2, dan Spirulina sp. Rerata indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener tertinggi (1,365) terdapat di Situ Ulin- Salam dan rerata indeks keanekaragaman terendah (1,031) terdapat di Situ Agathis. Indeks kesamaan Sorensen menunjukkan tingkat kesamaan Cyanobacteria yang cukup tinggi di antara ketiga situ (70,59--76,93%).

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman Cyanobacteria di Situ Agathis, Situ Kenanga, dan Situ Ulin-Salam. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi dan keanekaragaman Cyanobacteria di ketiga situ tersebut pada bulan September--November 2005. Sampel Cyanobacteria diambil secara horizontal menggunakan plankton net dengan mata jaring 20 μm dan dicacah menggunakan metode subsampel. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 12 jenis, yaitu dari bangsa Chroococcales (5 jenis) dan Oscillatoriales (7 jenis). Kepadatan tertinggi Cyanobacteria di Situ Agathis (1007200 plankter/m3), Situ Kenanga (878400 plankter/m3), dan Situ Ulin- Salam (703200 plankter/m3) dicapai pada bulan Oktober 2005. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Weiner (H`=1,18--1,64) dipengaruhi nilai dominasi jenis Oscillatoria agardhii, Oscillatoria sp.3 dan Merismopedia sp. Kesamaan tertinggi komunitas Cyanobacteria terdapat di Situ Kenanga dan Situ Ulin-Salam (CN=0,616). Musim diduga mempengaruhi pengelompokan kesamaan komunitas Cyanobacteria antara ketiga situ.