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Abstrak :
GPS (Global Positioning System) sebagai salah sam sistem navigasi satelit, penggunaannya kini kian meluas, hal ini dapat terlihat dari banyaknya aplikasi GPS yang dipergunakan diberbagai bidang, diantamnya yaitu survei tanah (land surveying), navigasi rudal, navigasi kendaraan, navigasi pesawat, radar dan lain-lain. Perkembangnn ini tentlmya menuntut peningkatan kemampuan sistem salah sam peningkatan yang mutlak diperlukan yaitu alcurasi pada sistem GPS. Penggunaan perhihmgan kode pada sistem ini masih banyak kekurangarmya, terutama terhadap kurangnya tingkat akurasi yang dihasilkan, sedangkan penggunaan perhitungan fiasa dapat menghasilkan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi, namun rentan terhadap tmjadinya cycle slip. Penggabungan kedua jenis perhitungan ini diaplikasikan dcngan menggunakan metode lambda, yaitu dengan menentukan nilai ambiguitas yang teljadi akibat kesalahan cycle slip. Penulisan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk melihat tingkat akurasi perhitungan kode C/A, perhitungan kode P, dan perhitungan fasa pembawa, Serta perhitungan mengglmakan metode lambda. Perhitungan-perhitungan ini disimulasikan menggunakan perangkat Iunak matlab 6.3. Parameter yang digunakan untuk melihat tingkat akmasi perhitungan-perhitungan ini adalah penggunaan masukan yang memiliki cycle dan tampa cycle. Hasil dari perhitungan ini yaitu berupa jarak semu, dan posisi penerima. Kernudian dengan menggunakan hasil perhitungan ini akan dibuat gradk perbandingan yang kemudian dianalisis tingkat akurasinya. Hasil dari perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan masukan dengan cycle memperlihatkan rendahnya tingkat akurasi yang dihasilkan perhitungan fasa pembawa, selain itu penggunaan metode lambda temyata cukup membanlu dalam meningkatkan akurasi posisi penerima

Abstrak :
Dalam suatu eksplorasi minyak dan gas bumi, pengetahuan dan pembelajaran suatu kerangka regional dari suatu lapangan minyak sangat mutlak diperlukan. Hal ini diperlukan untuk mengetahui struktur dan geometri dari suatu tubuh reservoar agar dapat diketahui daerah-daerah prospek eksplorasi minyak dan gas bumi. Semakin menipisnya cadangan minyak bumi, semakin sempitnya daerah eksplorasi dan semakin meningkatnya harga minyak dunia akhir-akhir ini merupakan tantangan bagi para ekplorasionis untuk terus mencari dan mengembangkan metoda-metoda pencarian minyak dan gas bumi. Metoda gabungan seismik inversi data pre-stack AVO dan geostatistik mencoba memberikan pendekatan lain untuk memetakan properti fisik lµr pada suatu interval reservoar batupasir formasi Talang Akar di lapangan minyak WGR yang terdapat di cekungan Sunda, Sumatra Tenggara. Hasil akhir pemetaan properti lµr dengan gabungan kedua metoda tersebut di atas mampu memberikan informasi yang cukup baik dan berguna dalam penentuan daerah prospektif minyak dan gas bumi di daerah ini. Namun masih ada beberapa kekurangan dan kelemahan sehingga saran dan kritik masih terbuka untuk penyempurnaan selanjutnya. ......In hydrocarbon exploration, knowledge and study of regional framework is completely required to get an understanding the structure and geometry of reservoir, which will lead into hydrocarbon prospective zone. The decrease of hydrocarbon reserve, the narrower exploration area and the rising of oil price have made challenges for explorationist to discover and to develope methods of finding hydrocarbon. Joint methods of pre-stack seismic AVO inversion and geostatistic attempt to give another approach to map physical properties of lµr at reservoar interval of sandstones Talang Akar formation at WGR oil field at Sunda basinal area, Southeast Sumatra. The map of physical property of lµr using combination approach of AVO inversion and geostatistic shows good result and usefull for determining prospect area of hydrocarbon accumulation in this area. There are still liabilities and weaknesses, thus critics and sugestions are all wide opened for future work.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK

Elektroproduksi kaon merupakan bagian dari produksi meson yang masih belum dipahami dan didalami. Faktor bentuk elektromagnetik yang terlibat membuat sulitnya ditetapkan suatu model. Namun, apabila ditemukan faktor bentuk elektromagnetik yang sesuai, tentu dapat dimodelkan struktur elektromagnetik dari hadron yang sesuai pula. Dalam penelitian ini, model multipol digunakan untuk mempelajari faktor bentuk elektromagnetik dari hadron dan kontribusi resonan pada elektroproduksi kaon-lambda. Model ini menunjukkan kecocokan dengan data eksperimen yang ada.

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ABSTRACT

 

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Kaon electroproduction is a meson production that is yet less understood and analyzed. The electromagnetic form factor involved makes it hard for a model to be settled. Yet, if a proper electromagnetic form factor is found, an electromagnetic structure of hadron can be thoroughly studied. In this research, we use multipole model to study electromagnetic form factor of hadron and resonance contribution in kaon-lambda electroproduction. The model shows good agreement with the presently available experimental data.

 

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian dalam karakterisasi reservoar karbonat di Lapangan "A" yang terletak di Cekungan Jawa Timur Utara. Inversi Simultan dan parameter Lamda-Mu-Rho (LMR) salah satu metode geofisika yang dipilih untuk mengkarakterisasi zona hidrokarbon, litologi, dan kandungan fluidanya pada reservoar karbonat. Inversi dilakukan dengan menggunakan data angle gather baik itu near angle gather (0°-15°), mid angle gather (15°-30°), dan far angle gather (30°-45°), serta dikontrol dengan menggunakan data sumur A-01. Sebagai hasilnya, dalam Inversi Simultan menghasilkan nilai Impedansi-P sebesar 5253-6882 m/s*gr/cc, sementara hasil dari Impedansi-S sebesar 1134-1783 m/s*gr/cc. Selain menghasilkan parameter Impedansi-P dan Impedansi-S, dari Inversi Simultan juga menghasilkan Densitas sebesar 2.66-2.97 gr/cc dan Rasio VpVs sebesar 2.99-4.92. Dari semua hasil Inversi Simultan ini belum mampu mengkarakterisasi kandungan fluida yang ada di daerah penelitian, maka dari itu dilakukan transformasi Lamda-Mu-Rho (LMR). Berdasarkan analisis parameter Lamda-Mu-Rho (LMR), menyatakan bahwa zona target penelitian pada sumur A-01 memiliki potensi hidrokarbon yang cukup banyak sehingga bisa digunakan untuk produksi. Hasil dua parameter yang berasal dari Lamda-Mu-Rho (LMR) adalah parameter Lamda-Rho sebesar 25.7-27.7 Gpa*gr/cc, sedangkan untuk parameter Mu-Rho sebesar 1.96-2.92 Gpa*gr/cc. Integrasi analisis pada Inversi Simultan dan Lamda-Mu-Rho (LMR) menghasilkan nilai sama pada zona target penelitian. Sehingga dapat diketahui persebaran litologi berupa karbonat, terdapatnya hidrokarbon yang berupa minyak, serta kandungan fluida. ......Carbonate reservoir in the field ?A? has been characterized located on the North East Java Basin. Simultaneous Inversion and parameter Lamda-Mu-Rho (LMR) is the chosen method to characterize hydrocarbon zones, lithology and fluid content of the carbonate reservoir. Inversion is done using data from angle gather both the near angle gather (0°-15°), mid gather angle (15° -30°), and far gather angle (30°-45°) , and controlled using data from well A -01. As a result, the Simultaneous Inversion produce value Impedance-P 5253-6882 m/s*gr/cc, while the results of Impedance-S of 1134-1783 m/s*gr/cc. In addition to producing parameter Impedance-P and Impedance-S, on the Simultaneous Inversion also produce a density of 2.79-2.87 gr/cc, and VpVs ratio of the 2.99-4.92. Of all the results Simultaneous Inversion have not been able to characterize fluid content in the research area, therefore transformation of Lamda-Mu-Rho (LMR). Based on the analysis of parameters of Lamda-Mu-Rho (LMR), stated that the target zone of research at well A - 01 have considerable hydrocarbon potential so that it can be used for production. The results of the two parameters are derived from Lamda-Mu-Rho (LMR) is Lamda-Rho parameter of 25.7-27.7 Gpa*gr/cc, while for Mu-Rho parameter of 1.96-2.92 Gpa*gr/cc. Simultaneous Inversion analysis on the integration and Lamda-Mu-Rho (LMR) produces the same values in the target zone research. So it can be seen spread lithology, the presence of hydrocarbons inte fomr of oil, and fluid content.

Abstrak :
Formasi X merupakan target utama di Lapangan Marlin, yang merupakan lapangan gas, berlokasi di Viosca Knoll, lepas pantai Louisiana, Gulf of Mexico. Reservoar yang utama adalah lapisan batupasir tebal, berumur Miosen Tengah, memiliki ciri amalgamated sheet, seperti endapan turbidit pada intraslope basin. Untuk karakterisasi properti batuan di lapangan ini, apabila hanya dengan mengaplikasikan analisis AVO dan impedansi akustik (P-impedansi) saja akan memberikan ketidakpastian yang besar pada hasilnya. Oleh karena itu, Elastic Impedance (EI) dan Simultaneous Inversion diaplikasikan pada interval formasi X ini. Aplikasi metoda inversi EI digunakan untuk memprediksi zona batupasir yang mengandung gas, dengan menggunakan sumur UI-1 dan UI-3 sebagai referensi untuk memprediksi properti reservoir di sumur UI-2, dilanjutkan dengan menganalisis penyebarannya dengan menggunakan partial post stack 3D seismic data. Metoda simultaneous inversion juga telah diaplikasikan sebagai metoda alternatif untuk memprediksi pore gas (Lambda-Rho) dan distribusi porositas, dengan menggunakan partial pre stack 3D seismic data yang diinversi secara simultan; dan dengan menggunakan sumur UI-1 dan UI-3 sebagai referensi untuk memprediksi properti reservoar di sumur UI-2 pada Lapangan Marlin. Kedua metoda tersebut memberikan hasil yang saling mendukung satu sama lainnya. EI dapat memprediksi wet zone pada sumur UI-2 seperti juga halnya simultaneous inversion. Kombinasi hasil kedua metoda tersebut akan mendapatkan perpotongan zona lapisan batupasir, maka zona dengan tingkat kepastian tertinggi atau yang paling mungkin memiliki reservoir batupasir gas dapat dipetakan. Porositas and prediksi pore gas diperkirakan sebesar 20 sampai 30 persen dan 5 sampai 15 GPa*g/cc di dalam lapangan tersebut. Dari hasil studi ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua metode ini dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk memprediksi karakter reservoar formasi X di lapangan Marlin dan lapangan lainnya yang memiliki kondisi geologi yang mirip untuk mengurangi ketidakpastian dalam eksplorasi hidrokarbon. ......X formation is the main target of Marlin field, a gas field, situated in Viosca Knoll area, offshore Louisiana, Gulf of Mexico. Main reservoir sands are thick, middle Miocene amalgamated sheet-like turbidite sands deposited in an intraslope basin. The use of AVO analysis and acoustic impedance (P-impedance) only to characterize rock properties in this field will lead us into large uncertainty. Therefore, to overcome that issue, elastic impedance (EI) inversion and simultaneous inversion are introduced and applied within X formation interval. EI inversion is applied to predict gas sand area, using well UI-1 and UI-3 as the reference to predict reservoir properties in UI-2 well, then delineate the area using partial post stack 3D seismic data. Simultaneous inversion is also applied as an alternative method to predict the pore gas (Lambda-Rho) and porosity distribution, using partial pre stack 3D seismic data which are inverted simultaneously; then UI-1 and UI-3 well data which will be used as a reference well for predicting reservoir properties in UI-2 at Marlin field. The results from both methods are supported each other. EI inversion result can predict wet zone in well UI-2 as well as simultaneous inversion result. By combining the two methods and drawing the intersection of the good gas sandstone reservoir from both methods, the maximum confident or the most likely of gas sandstone reservoir area can be delineated. Porosity and pore gas prediction suggested around 20 to 30 percent and 5 to 15 GPa*g/cc respectively, throughout the field. Hence, this combined method could be used as an alternative to predict X reservoir properties in Marlin field or could be applied to other fields with similar geological condition to reduce exploration uncertainty.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Telah berhasil dilakukan karakterisasi pada reservoir karbonat menggunakan simultaneous inversion pada lapangan x untuk mengetahui litologi dan kandungan fluida pada lapangan X. Reservoir tersebut berupa reef karbonat pada formasi Tuban yang terletak di cekungan Jawa Timur bagian Utara. Reservoir karbonat berbeda dengan reservoir lainnya dikarenakan karbonat memilik tingkat heterogenitas yang tinggi serta dapat mengalami diagenesa. Inversi Simultan digunakan pada penelitian kali ini dikarenakan dapat menghasilkan parameter impedansi akustik, impedansi shear, dan densitas secara simultan. 3 output dalam inversi simultan kemudian akan dilakukan transformsi untuk mendapatkan parameter lame yaitu Lambda Rho yang sensitif terhadap fluida serta Mu Rho yang sensitif terhadap litologi. Diharapkan parameter Lame dapat mempertajam Identifikasi litologi maupun fluida yang berada di reservoir. Vp/Vs ratio juga dapat dimunculkan dengan bantuan dari ketiga output inversi simultan tersebut yang berguna juga untuk menganalisis fluida. Inversi Simultan yang dilakukan pada lapangan xdikontrol oleh dua sumur yaitu M01 dan M02 yang masing-masing diantaranya hanya berbeda 1 inline. Input data seismik yang digunakan pada penelitian kali ini adalah data angle gather. Berdasarkan analisis dari Lambda Mu Rho serta Vp/Vs ratio, zona target sumur M01 dan M02 memiliki potensi sebagai reservoir hidrokarbon. Indikasi hidrokarbon ini ditunjukan dari analisis crossplot Vp/Vs vs Lambda Rho dengan nilai Vp/Vs berkisar 1.7-1.8 dan Lambda Rho berkisar 40-60 Gpa g/cc dengan nilai Mu Rho berkisar 40 ndash; 80 Gpa g/cc. Dari nilai tersebut dapat dibuat slicing untuk mengetahui litologi dan arah penyebaran kandungan hidrokarbon dan arah sebarannya mengarah ke arah Barat Laut untuk litologi dan kandungan fluida hidrokarbon.

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ABSTRACT
Carbonate Reservoir have been characterized in X field using Simultaneous Inversion to determine lithology and fluid content. This reservoir located in Nort East Java Basin in the form of big Reef Carbonate on Tuban Formation. Carbonate Reservoir has unique charateristics than the other reservoir because its heterogenities and diagenesis can be occured. Simultaneous Inversion used in this study because it can generate accoustic impedance, shear impedance and density simultaneously. Those 3 outputs then can be transformed to extract Lambda Rho which is sensitive to fluid content and Mu Rho which is sensitive to lithology. Vp Vs also can be generated from those 3 outputs which is usefull to determine fluid content. Hopefully, those parameters can be used to sharpen analysis about lithology and fluid content. Simultaneous inversion which used in X Field controlled by 2 wells, M01 and M02 which respectively only space for 1 inline. Seismic input on this study using angle gather. Based on analysis from Lambda Mu Rho and Vp Vs ratio, this reservoir has potential hidrocarbon inside. Hidrocarbon is indicated from crossplot Vp Vs vs Lambda Rho, Vp Vs is about 1.7 ndash 1.8 and Lambda Rho is about 40 ndash 60 Gpa g cc and Mu rho is about 40 ndash 80 Gpa g cc from Mu Rho vs Densitys Crossplot. Then Slicing can be generated to determine distribution of lithology and fluid content and the spreading delineated to North West for lithology and hidrocarbon fluid itself.

Abstrak :
Studi ini dilakukan untuk memetakan penyebaran zona reservoar batupasir Formasi Menggala Lapangan X4 Cekungan Sumatera Tengah dengan menggunakan metode inversi Lambda Mu Rho (LMR). Parameter Lambda-Rho dapat mengindentifikasikan kandungan suatu fluida di dalam batuan sedangkan parameter Mu-Rho dapat mengidentifikasikan jenis batuan. Dalam studi ini, parameter Lambda Mu Rho menunjukkan bahwa litologi dan hidrokarbon pada Formasi Menggala dapat terpisahkan dengan baik. Daerah Gas-sand terlihat dari nilai Lambda-Rho dan Mu-Rho yang relatif rendah, yaitu Lambda-Rho kurang dari 20 GPa/g*cc dan Mu-Rho antara 20 GPa/g*cc - 30 GPa/g*cc. Analisis dari inversi Lambda Mu Rho, data sumur, dan data geologi terlihat bahwa zona reservoar terkonsentrasi dari bagian barat laut ke tenggara. ......This study is carried out to map the distribution of sandstone reservoir zone Menggala Formation in X4 field Central Sumatra Basin by using Lambda Mu Rho (LMR) inversion. Lambda-Rho parameter indicates the presence of fluid while Mu-Rho parameter indicates the rock type. In this study, Lambda Mu Rho parameter shows that the lithology and hydrocarbon on Menggala Formation can be well separated. Gas-sand zone can be seen at quite low range of Lambda-Rho and Mu-Rho which are Lambda-Rho less than 20 GPa/g*cc and Mu-Rho between 20 GPa/g*cc - 30 GPa/g*cc. Analysis from Lambda Mu Rho inversion, well data, and geological data show that the reservoir distribution zone are concentrate from north-west to south-east.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Lapangan AAA merupakan lapangan gas yang terdapat pada lingkungan Delta Mahakam, Cekungan Kutai, Kalimantan Timur. Lapangan AAA merupakan bagian dari lapangan gas dengan produksi terbesar di Indonesia yang telah dieksplorasi dan diproduksi lebih dari 40 tahun. Salah satu tahapan penting setelah proses eksplorasi adalah mengaplikasikan metode karakterisasi reservoar untuk pengembangan lapangan. Karakterisasi reservoar dalam penentuan distribusi lithologi dan fluida sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui daerah berprospek ekonomis yang belum ditembus oleh sumur produksi. Pada penelitian ini karakterisasi reservoar yang digunakan adalah metode Analisa AVO dan Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI). Analisis AVO mengunakan data prestack 3D gather dan bantuan velocity cube. Data DTS yang digunakan pada penelitian ini terdapat pada sumur 3A45, 3A50, dan 3A45. Metode Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI) dimulai dengan penentuan sudut Chi (X) pada nilai koeffisien korelasi yang maksimum (mendekati nilai 1) dan analisis crossplot untuk menentukan nilai cut-off indikator lithologi dan indikator fluida pada setiap parameter fisika dari data sumur. Hasil analisis menyebutkan bahwa fluida pada daerah penelitian merupakan AVO kelas III. Indikator lihtologi (reservoar dan non reservoar) dapat dipisahkan dengan parameter Gamma Ray (reservoar bernilai 20 – 60 GAPI) dan Density (reservoar bernilai 1.75 – 2.17 g/cc). Sedangkan indikator fluida (gas dan water) dapat dipisahkan dengan parameter Lambda-Rho (gas bernilai 1.5 – 9 Gpa*g/cc), Lambda per Mu (gas bernilai 0.5 – 2.5), Vp per Vs (gas bernilai 1.5 – 2.2), dan Poisson Ratio (gas bernilai 0.16 – 0.35). Hasil inversi Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI) pada GTS 3A menyebutkan bahwa inversi Lambda-Rho mempunyai akurasi 78.57% (MFA) dan 85.71% (MFB), inversi Lambda per Mu mempunyai akurasi 50% (MFA) dan 85.71% (MFB), inversi Vp per Vs mempunyai akurasi 71.42% (MFA) dan 71.42% (MFB), Inversi Poisson Ratio mempunyai akurasi sebesar 71.42% (MFA) dan 78.57% (MFB).

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ABSTRACT
AAA field is a gas field that located in Delta Mahakam environment, Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan. AAA field is a part of giant gas field which has biggest production in Indonesia already explored and produced almost over 40 years. One of important steps after exploration of the field is to conduct a reservoir characterization for field development. Reservoir characterization to determine lithology distribution and fluid content is very important to know the prospect area which has economical values and not penetrated yet by infill wells or production wells. Reservoir characterization method that has been used in this study are AVO analysis and Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI). Pre-stack 3D gather data and velocity cube used for AVO analysis in this study. DTS logs only available in 3A45, 3A50, and 3A55. Extended Elastic Impedance method started with determination of Chi (X) angle that has maximum correlation coefficient (near to 1 value) and cross-plot analysis to determine cut-off value for lithology indicator and fluid indicator in each well data parameter. Analysis results show that fluid class in this study is AVO class III. Lithology indicator (reservoir and non reservoir) can be separated by Gamma Ray (value of reservoir between 20 – 60 GAPI) and Density (value of reservoir is between 1.75 – 2.17 g/cc). Fluid indicator (gas and water) can be separated by Lambda-Rho (value of gas is between 1.5 – 9 Gpa*g/cc), Lambda per Mu (value of gas is between 0.5 – 2.5), Vp per Vs (value of gas is between 1.5 – 2.2), and Poisson Ratio (value of gas is between 0.16 – 0.35). Results of Extended Elastic Impedance inversion in GTS 3A show that Lambda-Rho inversion has 78.57% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Lambda per Mu inversion has 50% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Vp per Vs inversion has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 71.42% (in MFB), Poisson Ration has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 78.57% accuracy (in MFB).;AAA field is a gas field that located in Delta Mahakam environment, Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan. AAA field is a part of giant gas field which has biggest production in Indonesia already explored and produced almost over 40 years. One of important steps after exploration of the field is to conduct a reservoir characterization for field development. Reservoir characterization to determine lithology distribution and fluid content is very important to know the prospect area which has economical values and not penetrated yet by infill wells or production wells. Reservoir characterization method that has been used in this study are AVO analysis and Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI). Pre-stack 3D gather data and velocity cube used for AVO analysis in this study. DTS logs only available in 3A45, 3A50, and 3A55. Extended Elastic Impedance method started with determination of Chi (X) angle that has maximum correlation coefficient (near to 1 value) and cross-plot analysis to determine cut-off value for lithology indicator and fluid indicator in each well data parameter. Analysis results show that fluid class in this study is AVO class III. Lithology indicator (reservoir and non reservoir) can be separated by Gamma Ray (value of reservoir between 20 – 60 GAPI) and Density (value of reservoir is between 1.75 – 2.17 g/cc). Fluid indicator (gas and water) can be separated by Lambda-Rho (value of gas is between 1.5 – 9 Gpa*g/cc), Lambda per Mu (value of gas is between 0.5 – 2.5), Vp per Vs (value of gas is between 1.5 – 2.2), and Poisson Ratio (value of gas is between 0.16 – 0.35). Results of Extended Elastic Impedance inversion in GTS 3A show that Lambda-Rho inversion has 78.57% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Lambda per Mu inversion has 50% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Vp per Vs inversion has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 71.42% (in MFB), Poisson Ration has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 78.57% accuracy (in MFB)., AAA field is a gas field that located in Delta Mahakam environment, Kutei Basin, East Kalimantan. AAA field is a part of giant gas field which has biggest production in Indonesia already explored and produced almost over 40 years. One of important steps after exploration of the field is to conduct a reservoir characterization for field development. Reservoir characterization to determine lithology distribution and fluid content is very important to know the prospect area which has economical values and not penetrated yet by infill wells or production wells. Reservoir characterization method that has been used in this study are AVO analysis and Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI). Pre-stack 3D gather data and velocity cube used for AVO analysis in this study. DTS logs only available in 3A45, 3A50, and 3A55. Extended Elastic Impedance method started with determination of Chi (X) angle that has maximum correlation coefficient (near to 1 value) and cross-plot analysis to determine cut-off value for lithology indicator and fluid indicator in each well data parameter. Analysis results show that fluid class in this study is AVO class III. Lithology indicator (reservoir and non reservoir) can be separated by Gamma Ray (value of reservoir between 20 – 60 GAPI) and Density (value of reservoir is between 1.75 – 2.17 g/cc). Fluid indicator (gas and water) can be separated by Lambda-Rho (value of gas is between 1.5 – 9 Gpa*g/cc), Lambda per Mu (value of gas is between 0.5 – 2.5), Vp per Vs (value of gas is between 1.5 – 2.2), and Poisson Ratio (value of gas is between 0.16 – 0.35). Results of Extended Elastic Impedance inversion in GTS 3A show that Lambda-Rho inversion has 78.57% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Lambda per Mu inversion has 50% accuracy (in MFA) and 85.71% accuracy (in MFB), Vp per Vs inversion has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 71.42% (in MFB), Poisson Ration has 71.42% accuracy (in MFA) and 78.57% accuracy (in MFB).]

Abstrak :
[Lapangan “BINTANG” berada di Cekungan Jawa Timur. Formasi target adalah Formasi Ngimbang yang memiliki beberapa zona target dengan ketebalan antara 20-40meter yang berada dibawah ketebalan tuning seismik. Zona-A dan Zona-C merupakan zona target penelitian. Formasi Ngimbang pada daerah penelitian, memiliki lithologi karbonat dan shale, sehingga perlu untuk memisahkan kedua lithologi kedua melalui data seismik. Data sumur test produksi daerah penelitian menunjukkan keberadaan hidrokarbon. Berdasarkan analisa sensitifitas, parameter P-Impedance dan Mu-Rho digunakan untuk memisahkan lithologi daerah penelitian. Daerah reservoar yang merupakan batuan karbonat berada pada nilai P-Impedance dan Mu-Rho kecil diatas cuttoff. Parameter Lambda-Rho*Poisson Ratio digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi sebaran hidrokarbon dimana zona bernilai kecil merupakan daerah yang mengindikasikan sebaran hidrokarbon. Inversi dilakukan dengan metode Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI) dimana metode ini menghasilkan volum reflektifitas langsung dari parameter yang dipilih. Inversi dengan metode EEI yang diaplikasikan dengan parameter Mu-Rho paling baik menggunakan sudut korelasi -45 dan untuk parameter Lambda-Rho*Poisson Ratio menggunakan sudut 33,5. Proses multiatribut digunakan untuk memprediksi sebaran porositas. Hasil multiatribut menunjukkan bagian utara daerah penelitian merupakan daerah yang lebih dangkal sehingga porositas lebih tinggi dibanding daerah selatan arah tenggara. Daerah utara masih berada pada bagian lagoonal sedangkan arah selatan-tenggara merupakan outer margin yang semuanya berada pada lingkungan pengendapan platform carbonate. ......"BINTANG" field is located in the East Java basin. The target formation is Ngimbang Formation which have several target zones with thickness between 20-40 meters which is below seismic tuning thickness. Zone-A and Zone-C is the target zone. Formation Ngimbang in this study area has carbonate and shale lithology, so that needs to seperate this two lithology by seismic data. From the sensitivity analysis, parameter P-Impedance and Mu-Rho used to separate the lithology in the study area. Carbonate rocks reservoir is at value of PImpedance and Mu-Rho small above the cuttoff. Parameter Lambda-Rho*Poisson Ratio used to identify the distribution of hydrocarbons, which small value area indicates the distribution of hydrocarbons. Inversion is performed using the extended elastic impedance (EEI) method which directly produces the reflectivity volume of the parameters has been selected. Inversion with EEI method which applied with Mu-Rho parameter best correlation angle is -45 and for Lambda-Rho*Poisson Ratio parameter is 33,5. Multiatributte process used to predict the porosity. Multiattribute results show that the northern part of study area is shallow area, that porosity is higher than the southern of the southeast regions. Northern areas are still located on the lagoonal while the south-southeast is the outer margin area which all area in platform carbonate depositional environments.;"BINTANG" field is located in the East Java basin. The target formation is Ngimbang Formation which have several target zones with thickness between 20- 40meters which is below seismic tuning thickness. Zone-A and Zone-C is the target zone. Formation Ngimbang in this study area has carbonate and shale lithology, so that needs to seperate this two lithology by seismic data. From the sensitivity analysis, parameter P-Impedance and Mu-Rho used to separate the lithology in the study area. Carbonate rocks reservoir is at value of PImpedance and Mu-Rho small above the cuttoff. Parameter Lambda-Rho*Poisson Ratio used to identify the distribution of hydrocarbons, which small value area indicates the distribution of hydrocarbons. Inversion is performed using the extended elastic impedance (EEI) method which directly produces the reflectivity volume of the parameters has been selected. Inversion with EEI method which applied with Mu-Rho parameter best correlation angle is -45 and for Lambda-Rho*Poisson Ratio parameter is 33,5. Multiatributte process used to predict the porosity. Multiattribute results show that the northern part of study area is shallow area, that porosity is higher than the southern of the southeast regions. Northern areas are still located on the lagoonal while the south-southeast is the outer margin area which all area in platform carbonate depositional environments.;"BINTANG" field is located in the East Java basin. The target formation is Ngimbang Formation which have several target zones with thickness between 20- 40meters which is below seismic tuning thickness. Zone-A and Zone-C is the target zone. Formation Ngimbang in this study area has carbonate and shale lithology, so that needs to seperate this two lithology by seismic data. From the sensitivity analysis, parameter P-Impedance and Mu-Rho used to separate the lithology in the study area. Carbonate rocks reservoir is at value of PImpedance and Mu-Rho small above the cuttoff. Parameter Lambda-Rho*Poisson Ratio used to identify the distribution of hydrocarbons, which small value area indicates the distribution of hydrocarbons. Inversion is performed using the extended elastic impedance (EEI) method which directly produces the reflectivity volume of the parameters has been selected. Inversion with EEI method which applied with Mu-Rho parameter best correlation angle is -45 and for Lambda-Rho*Poisson Ratio parameter is 33,5. Multiatributte process used to predict the porosity. Multiattribute results show that the northern part of study area is shallow area, that porosity is higher than the southern of the southeast regions. Northern areas are still located on the lagoonal while the south-southeast is the outer margin area which all area in platform carbonate depositional environments.;"BINTANG" field is located in the East Java basin. The target formation is Ngimbang Formation which have several target zones with thickness between 20- 40meters which is below seismic tuning thickness. Zone-A and Zone-C is the target zone. Formation Ngimbang in this study area has carbonate and shale lithology, so that needs to seperate this two lithology by seismic data. From the sensitivity analysis, parameter P-Impedance and Mu-Rho used to separate the lithology in the study area. Carbonate rocks reservoir is at value of PImpedance and Mu-Rho small above the cuttoff. Parameter Lambda-Rho*Poisson Ratio used to identify the distribution of hydrocarbons, which small value area indicates the distribution of hydrocarbons. Inversion is performed using the extended elastic impedance (EEI) method which directly produces the reflectivity volume of the parameters has been selected. Inversion with EEI method which applied with Mu-Rho parameter best correlation angle is -45 and for Lambda-Rho*Poisson Ratio parameter is 33,5. Multiatributte process used to predict the porosity. Multiattribute results show that the northern part of study area is shallow area, that porosity is higher than the southern of the southeast regions. Northern areas are still located on the lagoonal while the south-southeast is the outer margin area which all area in platform carbonate depositional environments.;"BINTANG" field is located in the East Java basin. The target formation is Ngimbang Formation which have several target zones with thickness between 20- 40meters which is below seismic tuning thickness. Zone-A and Zone-C is the target zone. Formation Ngimbang in this study area has carbonate and shale lithology, so that needs to seperate this two lithology by seismic data. From the sensitivity analysis, parameter P-Impedance and Mu-Rho used to separate the lithology in the study area. Carbonate rocks reservoir is at value of PImpedance and Mu-Rho small above the cuttoff. Parameter Lambda-Rho*Poisson Ratio used to identify the distribution of hydrocarbons, which small value area indicates the distribution of hydrocarbons. Inversion is performed using the extended elastic impedance (EEI) method which directly produces the reflectivity volume of the parameters has been selected. Inversion with EEI method which applied with Mu-Rho parameter best correlation angle is -45 and for Lambda-Rho*Poisson Ratio parameter is 33,5. Multiatributte process used to predict the porosity. Multiattribute results show that the northern part of study area is shallow area, that porosity is higher than the southern of the southeast regions. Northern areas are still located on the lagoonal while the south-southeast is the outer margin area which all area in platform carbonate depositional environments., "BINTANG" field is located in the East Java basin. The target formation is Ngimbang Formation which have several target zones with thickness between 20- 40meters which is below seismic tuning thickness. Zone-A and Zone-C is the target zone. Formation Ngimbang in this study area has carbonate and shale lithology, so that needs to seperate this two lithology by seismic data. From the sensitivity analysis, parameter P-Impedance and Mu-Rho used to separate the lithology in the study area. Carbonate rocks reservoir is at value of PImpedance and Mu-Rho small above the cuttoff. Parameter Lambda-Rho*Poisson Ratio used to identify the distribution of hydrocarbons, which small value area indicates the distribution of hydrocarbons. Inversion is performed using the extended elastic impedance (EEI) method which directly produces the reflectivity volume of the parameters has been selected. Inversion with EEI method which applied with Mu-Rho parameter best correlation angle is -45 and for Lambda-Rho*Poisson Ratio parameter is 33,5. Multiatributte process used to predict the porosity. Multiattribute results show that the northern part of study area is shallow area, that porosity is higher than the southern of the southeast regions. Northern areas are still located on the lagoonal while the south-southeast is the outer margin area which all area in platform carbonate depositional environments.]