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Abstrak :
Hubungan persahabatan antara Tiongkok dan Myanmar dapat ditelusuri kembali hingga dua ribu tahun yang lalu. Sejak abad kedua Masehi, pedagang Tiongkok sudah mulai berlayar melalui lembah Sungai Nujiang dan Sungai Irrawaddy menuju Myanmar untuk melakukan perdagangan sutra, serta bertukar barang berharga seperti giok dan zamrud. Pada masa dinasti Han dan Tang di Tiongkok, hubungan persahabatan antara kedua negara semakin kuat. Negara Shan di Myanmar dan kemudian Kerajaan Pyu mengirim utusan berkali-kali ke dinasti Han dan Tang untuk melakukan pertukaran politik, ekonomi, dan budaya. Pada tahun 1940 hingga 1942, Jalan Raya Yunnan-Myanmar yang dibangun oleh kedua negara menjadi satu-satunya jalur perdagangan dan transportasi Tiongkok pada saat itu. Sejak berdirinya Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, persahabatan antara rakyat Tiongkok dan Myanmar semakin meningkat. Pada tanggal 8 Juni 1950, Myanmar menjalin hubungan diplomatik dengan Tiongkok, menjadi negara kelima yang membuka hubungan diplomatik dengan Tiongkok. Pada tahun 1970-an dan 1980-an, seiring dengan Tiongkok dan Laos fokus pada pembangunan ekonomi dan keterbukaan terhadap dunia luar, pemerintah Tiongkok mulai mengendurkan pembatasan terhadap imigran asing. Nilai pasar besar dan potensi pengembangan Laos menarik semakin banyak imigran baru Tiongkok yang datang ke Laos. Saat ini, Laos menjadi salah satu negara dengan pertumbuhan imigran baru Tiongkok tercepat, di mana mayoritas imigran baru tersebut berasal dari provinsi Yunnan. Kedatangan imigran baru dari Yunnan memiliki dampak besar terhadap perkembangan ekonomi dan pertukaran budaya antara Tiongkok dan Laos, dan komunitas Tionghoa di Yunnan memainkan peran tak tergantikan dalam hubungan politik, ekonomi, dan budaya antara Tiongkok dan Laos. ......The friendship between China and Myanmar can be traced back to two thousand years ago. Since the 2nd century AD, Chinese traders began sailing through the Nujiang River and Irrawaddy River valleys to Myanmar for silk trade and the exchange of valuable items such as jade and emeralds. During the Han and Tang dynasties in China, the friendship between the two countries strengthened. The Shan state in Myanmar and later the Pyu Kingdom sent envoys multiple times to the Han and Tang dynasties for political, economic, and cultural exchanges. From 1940 to 1942, the Yunnan-Myanmar Highway built by both countries became the sole trade and transportation route for China at that time. Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the friendship between the Chinese people and Myanmar has grown. On June 8, 1950, Myanmar established diplomatic relations with China, becoming the fifth country to do so. In the 1970s and 1980s, as China and Laos focused on economic development and opening up to the outside world, the Chinese government began to relax restrictions on foreign immigrants. The large market value and development potential of Laos attracted an increasing number of new Chinese immigrants. Currently, Laos is one of the countries with the fastest-growing influx of new Chinese immigrants, with the majority coming from Yunnan province. The arrival of new immigrants from Yunnan has had a significant impact on the economic development and cultural exchange between China and Laos. The Chinese community in Yunnan plays an indispensable role in the political, economic, and cultural relations between China and Laos.

Abstrak :
Revolusi komunis pada tahun 1975 di Laos memaksa sekitar 400.000 warga Laos pada pengungsian. Mereka tersebar di negara-negara barat dan negara-negara tetangga di Asia tenggara tak terkecuali di Indonesia. Gelombang pengungsian ini turut melibatkan generasi lanjutan untuk memulai kembali kehidupan di negara tujuan pengungsian. Ketercabutan generasi lanjutan warga pengungsi asal Laos pada negara asalnya (Laos) menjadi suatu isu dalam penentuan jati diri atau identitas ketika kembali ke tanah air. Melalui serangkaian pengalaman nostalgia saat ada pada pengungsian di Indonesia, para generasi lanjutan dari warga ex-migran Laos memaknai mereka sebagai Indonesia. Namun, ketika kembali ke tanah air (Laos) pemaknaan jati diri atau identitas mereka harus dinegosiasikan kembali. Melalui kajian Cultural Studies dengan etnografi, penelitian ini akan mengkaji bagaimana identitas dari generasi lanjutan warga ex-migran Laos dimaknai melalui serangkaian pengalaman mobilisasi yang mereka lakukan. Penelitian ini akan memberikan gambaran bagaimana jati diri atau identitas dimaknai sebagai suatu struktur perasaan dan pembentukan multiple identity pada generasi lanjutan ex-migran Laos dengan mengkaitkan pengalaman mobilisasi mereka. ......The communist revolution in 1975 in Laos forced about 400,000 Lao citizens into exile. They are scattered in western countries and neighboring countries in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. This wave of refugees also involves the next generation to restart life in the refugee destination country. The uprooting of the next generation of refugees from Laos back to their home country (Laos) has become an issue in determining their identity when returning to their homeland. Through a series of nostalgic experiences when they were in exile in Indonesia, the next generation of ex-migrants from Laos interpreted them as Indonesians. However, when they return to their homeland (Laos), the meaning of their identity or identity must be renegotiated. Through the study of Cultural Studies with ethnography, this research will examine how the identity of the next generation of ex-migrant Lao citizens is interpreted through a series of mobilization experiences that they carry out. This study will provide an overview of how identity is interpreted as a structure of feeling and the formation of multiple identities in the next generation of Lao ex-migrants by relating their mobilization experiences.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Armed conflicts create drastic socioeconomic shocks that lead to land use and land cover changes in ways that are not yet well understood. Several studies have used satellite imagery to detect such changes during periods of conflict. However, there has been an insufficient examination of older conflicts before the 1970s. By examining older conflicts, we can examine the effects of conflict on land use and land cover over a long time span. This study reveals land use and land cover changes during the Second Indochina War (1960-75) and the wars immediate and long-term effects on land use and land cover by combining an analysis of aerial and satellite photographs with fieldwork. This study concludes that the war created an abnormal situation in which a large number of people from a different ethnic group came to live amongst the original inhabitants of the research site. This led to a unique farming landscape and vast areas of forest destruction. The study also reveals that forest destruction during the war was a significant milestone in the history of the vegetation of the research site, and the vegetative landscape has still not recovered to its prewar condition. These findings, as well as the results of previous research, suggest that we need to be more conscious of the effects of war on forest degradation in Laos.