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"Berbagai penelitian terus dilakukan untuk mencari intervensi dalam upaya mencegah komplikasi sistem kardiovaskular yang timbul akibat kondisi hiperglikemia pada diabetes. Pada kondisi hiperglikemia, latihan fisik intensitas tinggi interval (HIIT) dan intensitas sedang kontinu (MICT) diketahui memiliki pengaruh positif, salah satunya melalui peningkatan kadar GLP-1. GLP-1 selanjutnya meningkatkan kadar eNOS aorta dan menekan ekspresi RAGE. Keseluruhan proses tersebut memberikan proteksi pada endotel dan mencegah perubahan struktur pembuluh darah.Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh HIIT dan MICT terhadap kadar GLP-1, eNOS, ekspresi RAGE pada aorta dan dampaknya pada struktur aorta. Digunakan tikus jantan wistar usia 8 minggu yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok (6 tikus per kelompok): kelompok kontrol tanpa intervensi latihan fisik (KN), hiperglikemia tanpa perlakuan (KHG), hiperglikemia dengan intervensi MICT (HG CT), dan hiperglikemia dengan intervensi HIIT (HG IT). Hiperglikemia diinduksi dengan injeksi streptozotocin intraperitoneal dosis tunggal (40mg/BB). Tikus dianggap memenuhi kriteria hiperglikemia jika kadar glukosa darah 72 jam pasca injeksi >200mg/dL. Intervensi latihan fisik dilakukan selama 6 minggu, dilanjutkan dekapitasi dan pengambilan jaringan aorta. Kadar GLP-1 dan eNOS diuji menggunakan metode ELISA sandwich, sementara ekspresi RAGE diuji menggunakan metode qPCR. Gambaran histologi aorta dilihat menggunakan metode pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat perbedaan nilai median kadar GLP-1 dan ekspresi RAGE antara KHG dengan HG CT dan HG IT (p < 0.05), namun tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai median kadar eNOS antara KHG dengan HG CT dan HG IT (p > 0.05) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan diameter serta ketebalan dinding aorta antar kelompok. Untuk seluruh parameter yang diukur, tidak ditemukan perbedaan antara HG CT dan HG IT. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa baik HIIT dan MICT memberikan efek proteksi vaskular yang sama pada kondisi hiperglikemia, melalui peningkatan GLP-1 dan inhibisi RAGE.......Research is continuously performed to seek interventions to prevent cardiovascular system complications in diabetes arising from hyperglycemia. In hyperglycemia, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) are known to have a positive effect, one of which is through increasing GLP-1 levels. GLP-1 further increases aortic eNOS levels and inhibit RAGE expression. The whole process provides protection to the endothelium and prevents pathological changes in structure of the blood vessels.The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of HIIT and MICT on GLP-1 level, eNOS level, and RAGE expression in the aorta and how these affect the structure of aorta. Wistar male rats aged 8 weeks were divided into 4 groups (6 rats per group): control group without exercise (KN), hyperglycemia without treatment (KHG), hyperglycemia with MICT (HG CT), and hyperglycemia with HIIT (HGIT). Hyperglycemia was induced by a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/BW). Rats were considered hyperglycemia if the blood glucose level within 72 hours after injection was >200 mg/dL. The exercise intervention was carried out for 6 weeks, followed by decapitation and aorta tissue collection. GLP-1 and eNOS levels were tested using the sandwich ELISA method, while RAGE expression was tested using the qPCR method. Histology of the aorta was analyze using the hematoxylin-eosin staining method. The results showed that there was a difference in the median value of GLP-1 levels and RAGE expression between KHG and both HG CT and HG IT (p < 0.05), but there was no difference in the median value of eNOS levels between KHG and both HG CT and HG IT (p > 0.05). There was no difference in aorta diameter and wall thickness within groups. For all parameters measured, no difference was found between HG CT and HG IT. It can be concluded that both HIIT and MICT exert similar vascular protective effects in hyperglycemic conditions, through increased GLP-1 and RAGE inhibition."

"Peningkatan angka kejadian hipertensi di dunia telah menjadi ancaman kesehatan global. Latihan fisik metode HIIT dan MICT mampu menurunkan tekanan sistolik, diastolik dan tekanan rata-rata arteri. Tujuan penelitian kali ini ingin mengetahui perbedaan efek HIIT dan MICT terhadap kadar eNOS dan TGF-ß1,gambaran EKG dan ketebalan miokardium dengan menggunakan model tikus hipertensi yang diinduksi NOS Inhibitor. Hipertensi diinduksi dengan pemberian L-NAME 40 mg/kg/hari pada tikus jantan galur wistar melalui sonde pada kelompok B, C, dan D, selama lima minggu. Setiap minggu dilakukan pengukuran tekanan darah dan pengukuran berat badan. Intervensi latihan fisik HIIT dan MICT dilakukan lima hari dalam seminggu selama lima minggu. Kadar eNOS dan TGF- ß1 diuji menggunakan metode ELISA. Analisa EKG dilakukan dengan menghitung durasi interval QRSp. Analisis histologi dengan pewarnaan HE dilakukan untuk pengukuran tebal dinding jantung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan tekanan darah (p = 0.001) dari minggu ke minggu dan pemanjangan durasi QRSp (p = 0.000) pada kelompok yang diberikan induksi. Peningkatan tekanan darah pada kelompok yang diberikan latihan fisik lebih kecil dibandingkan kelompok tanpa latihan fisik. Ketebalan miokardium kelompok induksi lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol tanpa induksi. Pada penelitian ini, tidak ditemukan perbedaan tekanan darah, durasi QRSp, kadar eNOS, kadar TGF-ß1dan ketebalan dinding jantung, antara kelompok yang diberikan perlakuan HIIT dengan MICT. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan fisik baik HIIT dan MICT dapat menekan peningkatan tekanan darah, namun tidak ditemukan perbedaan EKG, kadar eNOS dan TGF-ß1serta ketebalan miokardium, antara HIIT dan MICT pada tikus yang diinduksi dengan L-NAME.......The increasing incidence of hypertension in the world has become a global health threat. HIIT and MICT physical exercise methods can reduce systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure. This study aimed to determine the differences in the effects of HIIT and MICT on eNOS and TGF-ß1 levels, ECG features, and myocardial thickness using a rat model of NOS inhibitor-induced hypertension. Hypertension was induced in Wistar male rats by administering L-NAME 40 mg/kg/day via probe for five weeks in the B, C, and D group. Every week blood pressure and body weight are measured. HIIT and MICT physical exercise interventions were carried out five days a week for five weeks. eNOS and TGF-ß1 levels were tested using the ELISA method. ECG analysis is carried out by calculating the duration of the QRSp interval. Histological analysis with HE staining was performed to measure heart wall thickness. The results showed that there was an increase in blood pressure (p=0.001) from week to week and a lengthening of QRSp duration (p=0.000) in the group given induction. The increase in blood pressure in the group given physical exercise was smaller than in the group without physical exercise. Myocardial thickness in the induction group was higher than in the control group without induction. In this study, there were no differences in blood pressure, QRSp duration, myocardial thickness, eNOS levels, or TGF-ß1 levels between the groups given HIIT and MICT treatment. It can be concluded that physical exercise, both HIIT and MICT, can reduce increases in blood pressure, but there are no differences in eNOS, and TGF-ß1 levels, ECG andmyocardial thickness, between HIIT and MICT in mice induced by L-NAME."