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Abstrak :
Throughput S-ALOHA CDM4 using technique of diversities MRC differential detected with L branch antenna has been analyzed Desired signal will be intercepted then combined and also analyzed the influence of co channel interference. By using two different model of fading between desired signal and interference signal, throughput can he analyzed under channel condition of Nakagami/ Nakagami and Rician/Nakagami. MRC diversities and differential detection (DPSK) with L branch antenna are used on receiver to overcome multi path fading interference and to increase the system performance. From the result indicating the use of L branch antenna at receiver make .system throughput becomes better The higher the amount of interference signals the worse throughput system. The bigger Nakagami parameter m, and Rician factor, K, of the desired signal and interference signal the better the throughput.

Abstrak :
Pada Tesis ini akan dibahas unjuk kerja modulasi kode trellis 4 state 8 phase-shift keying (TC 8PSK) dengan teknik diversitas rang Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) pada kanal fading Nakagami serta adanya co-channel interference, (CCI) jamak yang diasumsikan besar dayanya sama. Analisa matematis dilakukan untuk mendapatkan persamaan bit error rate (BER) dari sistem model yang digunakan. Beberapa hasil perhitungan BER ditampilkan. Dari hasil terlihat bahwa unjuk kerja BER TC SPSK dengan teknik diversitas MRC diperburuk dengan kehadiran CCI, walaupun peningkatan jumlah cabang diversitas akan memperbaiki unjuk kerjanya.

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This thesis presents the performances of trellis coded moddrlation 4 state 8 phase shift keying (I'C 8PSK) with space diversity maximal ratio combing (MRC) in a Nakagami fading channel in the presence of multiple equal power cochannel interferers. With mathematics analysis we have bit error rate (BER) from model system in used. Some of the result from BER calculation is shown. The result shown that the performances of BER TC 8PSK with MRC diversity more worst in the presence of cochannel interferers although more branch in diversity can repair the performances.

Abstrak :
in this research, thickness of two layers anti-reflection coating MRC) with refractive index na, of the end facet of weakly-guiding semiconductor (compound ill-V), has been optimised to single Transverse Electro- Magnetic (TEM) mode: in order that reflectance had less than 0, 0001. Reflection at the boundary is exactly analogous to transmission-line models, with the result that continuity relation using dyadic admitance Y and impedance Z operators at transverse plane, also by replacing the waveguide with homogeneous medium of equivalent refractive index neg is equal to core refractive index nq 3 nm where wide of the wave guide can be represented of active layer wideness w. Through the differential operator, backward electric field can be form by matrix elements R, of reflection of interface, in such a way that reflectance at the plane z=0 is obtained Double layers response frequencies at wavelength = 1, 55 tan operating, produced the thickness /T/4 with n=1,46 (Si02) or 2,5870 (Si3N4 ZnSe). Difference of both refractive indexes (n,,,_;;=1'1,,,.1), minimum reflectance is 0, 58 .1040 practically is zero) with optimum thickness Z/3 = 0,1938 um.

Abstrak :
Efusi pleura merupakan kejadian akumulasi cairan yang berada diantara lapisan parietal dan visceral. Efusi pleura terjadi akibat akumulasi cairan dimana pembentukan cairan pleura yang lebih cepat dibandingkan proses penyerapannya. Dyspnea merupakan pengalaman subjektif pasien tentang ketidaknyamanan saat bernapas dengan kualitas pernapasan ringan, sedang dan berat. Positioning yang tepat dapat memperbaiki proses ventilasi dapat meningkatkan ekspansi paru sehingga mengurangi sesak yang dialami oleh pasien. Tujuan : studi ini untuk menganalisis intervensi keperawatan mandiri berupa pengaturan posisi semi-fowler pada pasien dengan masalah pola napas tidak efektif pada kasus efusi pleura. Metode : yang digunakan adalah studi literatur terkait pemberian posisi semi-fowler pada pasien yang memiliki masalah pernapasan. Penerapan posisi semi-fowler merupakan posisi yang direkomendasikan untuk pasien efusi pleura dengan alat ukur MRC Dyspnoea scale. Asuhan keperawatan diberikan kepada pasien kelolaan yaitu Ny. A (60 tahun) dengan Efusi Pleura dan gagal jantung. Asuhan keperawatan dilakukan selama empat hari dengan satu hari periode IGD dan ICCU serta tiga hari pada periode ICCU. Masalah keperawatan utama yang dialami pasien adalah pola nafas tidak efektif. Implementasi dilakukan sesuai dengan rencana keperawatan, termasuk penerapan posisi semi-fowler. Hasil : studi menunjukan pemberian posisi semifowler berdampak pada peningkatan saturasi oksigen dan penurunan frekuensi napas pada kondisi sesak dengan alat ukur MRC Dyspnoea scale. Analisis studi ini merekomendasikan pengaturan posisi semi-fowler efektif untuk diimplementasikan pada pasien dengan masalah pola napas tidak efektif. ...... Pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid between the parietal and visceral layers. Pleural effusion occurs due to fluid accumulation where the formation of pleural fluid is faster than the absorption process. Dyspnea is the patient's subjective experience of discomfort when breathing with mild, moderate and severe respiratory qualities. Positioning The right one can improve the ventilation process can increase lung expansion thereby reducing shortness of breath experienced by patient. Objective : this study was to analyze the intervention Independent nursing in the form of positioning semi-fowler in patients with problems with ineffective breathing patterns in cases of pleural effusion. Method : Which used is a literature study related to position assignment semi-fowler on patients who have respiratory problems.Application of position semi-fowler is the recommended position for pleural effusion patients with measuring instruments MRC Dyspnoea scale. Nursing care given to the managed patient, namely Mrs. A (60 years old) with Pleural Effusion and heart failure. Nursing care is provided for four days with one day during the ER and ICCU period and three days during the ICCU period. The main nursing problem experienced by patients is ineffective breathing patterns. Implementation is carried out in accordance with the nursing plan, including position implementation semi-fowler. Results: studies show position assignment semi-fowler has an impact on increasing oxygen saturation and a decrease in respiratory frequency in shortness of breath with measuring instruments MRC Dyspnoea scale. The analysis of this study recommends positioning semi-fowler effective to implement in patients with breathing pattern problems effective.

Abstrak :
Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) merupakan salah satu task di bidang natural language processing (NLP) dimana mesin memiliki tugas untuk membaca secara komprehensif dari sebuah bacaan (passage) yang diberikan agar dapat menjawab pertanyaan terkait. Metode terkini untuk mengautomasi MRC menggunakan deep learning dengan memanfaatkan pretrained language models (PLMs) berbasis BERT. Dalam menangani kasus MRC sumber daya rendah, digunakan PLM multilingual seperti XLM-R. Namun PLM multilingual memiliki masalah untuk bahasa sumber daya rendah yaitu: bahasa sumber daya rendah yang tidak terepresentasi dengan baik, imperfect cross-lingual embeddings alignment dan instabilitas ketika di fine-tuning pada data berukuran kecil. Penelitian ini mengusulkan beberapa strategi fine-tuning dan metode pembentukan data augmentasi untuk meningkatkan kinerja MRC dibahasa sumber daya rendah. Strategi fine-tuning yang diusulkan adalah 2-step fine-tuning dan mixed fine-tuning. Untuk metode pembentukan data augmentasi yaitu dengan penggunaan data asli, pengaplikasian model machine translation dan perturbasi code-switching. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan, untuk dataset FacQA (Bahasa Indonesia) dan UIT-ViQuAD (Bahasa Vietnam) diperoleh strategi terbaik dengan kombinasi strategi penggunaan data asli dan metode 2-step finetuning dimana menghasilkan peningkatan kinerja sebesar 3.858%, 2.13% secara berurutan. Untuk dataset FQuAD (Bahasa Prancis), strategi terbaik diperoleh de- ngan kombinasi strategi pembentukan data perturbasi code-switching dan metode mixed fine-tuning dimana menghasilkan peningkatan kinerja sebesar 1.493%. ......Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) is one of the tasks in the field of natural language processing (NLP) where the machine has the task of reading comprehensively from a given passage in order to answer related questions. The latest method for automating MRC uses deep learning by utilizing pretrained language models (PLMs) based on BERT. For handling low-resource MRC, multilingual PLMs such as XLM-R are used. However, multilingual PLM has problems for low resource languages: low resource languages that are underrepresented, imperfect cross-lingual embeddings alignment and instability when finetuned on small data.This study proposes several fine-tuning strategies and data augmentation generation methods to improve lowresource languages MRC performance. The proposed fine-tuning strategies are 2-step fine-tuning and mixed fine-tuning. For the method of form- ing augmented data, namely by using data original model, application of machine translation and code-switching pertubation to optimize cross-lingual embeddings alignment in multilingual PLM. The experimental results show that for the FacQA (Indonesian) and UIT-ViQuAD (Vietnamese) datasets, the best strategy is obtained by combining the strategy of using original data and the 2-step fine-tuning method which results in an performance improvement of 3.858%, 2.13%, respectively. For the FQuAD dataset (French), the best strategy was obtained by a combination of code-switching perturbation strategy and mixed fine-tuning method which resulted in an performance improvement of 1.493%.