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Wulan Tristiyanti
Faktor risiko yang memengaruhi keterlambatan perkembangan motorik kasar pasien sindrom down = Risk factors influences gross motoric development in children with down syndromes
"ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Sindrom Down merupakan penyakit genetik yang dapat
menyebabkan keterlambatan perkembangan motorik, bahasa, kognitif, dan
psikososial. Periode perkembangan anak dalam tiga tahun pertama kehidupan
sangat penting, karena merupakan dasar untuk hasil perkembangan selanjutnya.
Sampai saat ini belum dilakukan penelitian yang menghubungkan kemampuan
motorik pasien sindrom Down dengan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya.
Mengingat prevalensi anak sindrom Down yang cukup banyak di Indonesia, dan
belum didapatkan data tersebut maka penelitian dilakukan pada anaksindrom Down
sehingga anaksindrom Down mendapatkan hasil optimal dari program intervensi
yang dijalankan
Tujuan : Mengetahui karakteristik pertumbuhan dan perkembangan motorik anak
sindrom Down serta faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat perkembangan motorik kasar
untuk menentukan kemampuan anak, kebutuhan terapi dan meningkatkan kualitas
pelayanan.
Metode: Studi potong lintang deskriptif dan analitik selama Agustus sampai
September 2015 pada 103 anak sindrom Down usia 6 bulan - 3 tahun di Poli Anak
dan Poli Rehabilitasi medic Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Data
orang tua didapat dari autoanamnesis dan pencarian rekam medis, data
antropometrik berupa beratbadan, tinggi badan dan lingkar kepala diplot pada kurva
pertumbuhan khusus anak sindromDown, perkembangan motorik kasar dinilai
berdasarkan milestone khusus anak sindrom Down.
Hasil penelitian : Sejumlah 103 subjek (56 laki-laki, 47 perempuan) memenuhi
kriteria inklusi. Median subjek adalah 12 bulan. Jumlah subjek yang mengalami
gizi baik dan gizi kurang hampir sama. Mikrosefali dialami oleh sebagian kecil
subjek 10 (9,6%). Anak sindrom Down dengan tipe klasik ditemukan pada sebagian
besar pasien sebanyak 99 (96%) dan tipe translokasi sebanyak 4 (3,9%).
Keterlambatan motorik ringan dialami oleh 69,2% subjek, keterlambatan motorik
sedang 16,3%, dan keterlambatan motorik ringan 13,5%. Hasil analisis multivariate
memperlihatkan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan keterlambatan motorik
adalah lingkar kepala (p=0,011; OR 6,852; IK95% 1,565-30,038), riwayat asfiksia
(p=0,009; OR 4,033; IK95% 1,427-11,4), dan frekuensi program stimulasi
(p=0,006; OR 3,845; IK95% 1,460-10,125).
Kesimpulan : Lingkar kepala, riwayat asfiksia, dan frekuensi program stimulasi
merupakan faktor risiko keterlambatan perkembangan motorik anak sindromDown.ABSTRACT
Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed
motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of the
first three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Until
recently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilities
Down Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence of
child with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted that
correlation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so that
they obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted.
Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children with
Down Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development which
to determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service.
Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children with
Down Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics and
Medical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo
(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents
(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised body
weight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growth
curve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments were
assessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes.
Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.
Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition and
malnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children with
classical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were
4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediate
motoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.
Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development were
head circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history of
asphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulation
programs (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125).
Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency of
stimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. ;Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed
motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of the
first three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Until
recently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilities
Down Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence of
child with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted that
correlation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so that
they obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted.
Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children with
Down Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development which
to determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service.
Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children with
Down Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics and
Medical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo
(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents
(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised body
weight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growth
curve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments were
assessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes.
Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.
Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition and
malnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children with
classical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were
4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediate
motoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.
Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development were
head circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history of
asphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulation
programs (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125).
Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency of
stimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. ;Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed
motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of the
first three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Until
recently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilities
Down Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence of
child with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted that
correlation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so that
they obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted.
Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children with
Down Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development which
to determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service.
Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children with
Down Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics and
Medical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo
(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents
(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised body
weight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growth
curve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments were
assessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes.
Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.
Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition and
malnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children with
classical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were
4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediate
motoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.
Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development were
head circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history of
asphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulation
programs (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125).
Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency of
stimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. ;Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed
motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of the
first three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Until
recently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilities
Down Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence of
child with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted that
correlation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so that
they obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted.
Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children with
Down Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development which
to determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service.
Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children with
Down Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics and
Medical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo
(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents
(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised body
weight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growth
curve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments were
assessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes.
Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.
Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition and
malnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children with
classical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were
4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediate
motoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.
Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development were
head circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history of
asphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulation
programs (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125).
Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency of
stimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. ;Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed
motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of the
first three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Until
recently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilities
Down Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence of
child with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted that
correlation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so that
they obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted.
Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children with
Down Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development which
to determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service.
Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children with
Down Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics and
Medical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo
(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents
(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised body
weight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growth
curve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments were
assessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes.
Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.
Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition and
malnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children with
classical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were
4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediate
motoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.
Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development were
head circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history of
asphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulation
programs (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125).
Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency of
stimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. "
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2016
SP-PDF
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Amila
Pengaruh pemberian augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) terhadap kemampuan fungsional komunikasi dan depresi pasien afasia motorik / Amila, Ratna Sitorus, Tuti Herawati
"ABSTRAK
Afasia motorik merupakan salah satu gangguan komunikasi yang terjadi akibat stroke yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan kemampuan fungsional komunikasi dan depresi. Pasien dengan afasia motorik membutuhkan alat pengganti komunikatif yang efektif. Salah satu alat pengganti komunikasi adalah Augmentative and Alternatif Communication (ACC) yang merupakan alat komunikasi pengganti dengan menggunakan papan elektronik berupa gambar dan simbol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian AAC terhadap kemampuan fungsional komunikasi dan depresi pasien stroke dengan afasia motorik. Peneliti menggunakan desain quasi experiment post test non equivalent control group pada 21 responden yang terbagi menjadi 11 responden pada kelompok kontrol dan 10 responden pada kelompok intervensi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna rerata depresi antara kelompok kontrol dengan intervensi (p= 0,542), namun terdapat perbedaan yang tidak bermakna rerata kemampuan fungsional antara kelompok kontrol dan intervensi (p= 0,022). Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan AAC menjadi salah satu alternatif intervensi untuk memfasilitasi komunikasi, sehingga dapat menurunkan depresi pasien stroke dengan afasia motorik. "
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2015
610 UI-JKI 18:2 (2015)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Yulinda Abdullah
Pengaruh penambahan fentanyl 100mg pada anestesia epidural ropivakain 0,75% terhadap mula kerja blok sensorik dan blok motorik
"Latar belakang : Kelemahan anestesia epidural adalah mula kerja yang lebih lama. Berbagai upaya dicoba dilakukan untuk mempercepat mula kerja anestesia epidural. Salah satunya adalah penambahan fentanil ke dalam obat anestesia lokal. Penelitian ini melihat pengaruh penambahan fentanil 100µg pada anestesia epidural ropivakain 0,75% terhadap mula kerja blok sensorik dan blok motorik.
Metode : Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 28 subyek penelitian yang Akan menjalani anestesia epidural dengan ASA I-II dengan uji klinis tersamar ganda . Subyek penelitian dibagi dua kelompok. Kelompok A(fentanil) yaitu penambahan fentanil 100µg 2m1 dan kelompok B (kontrol) penambahan NaCl 0,9% 2 ml ke dalam ropivakain 0,75% 13 ml. Dilihat dan dicatat mula kerja blok sensorik dermatom setinggi T10, T8, T6, T5 dan T4 dengan tes Pinprick. Dan dilihat dan dicatat mula kerja blok motorik dengan skala Bromage 1 & 2. Perubahan hemodinamik dan efek samping infra operatif juga dilihat dan dicatat.
Hasil : Mula kerja blok sensorik setinggi dermatom T10, T8, T6, T5 lebih cepat pada kelompok A (fentanil) dibanding kelompok B (kontrol) dengan p<0,001. Pencapaian blok sensorik setinggi dermatom T5 pada kelompok B (kontrol) hanya 85,7%. Pencapaian blok sensorik setinggi dermatom T4 hanya 14,3% pada kelompok A (fentanil) dan 21,4% pada kelompok B (kontrol), denganp>0,05. Mula kerja blok motorik dengan skala bromage 1&2 lebih cepat pada kelompok A (fentanil) dibanding kelompok B (kontrol), dengan p<0,001. Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada tekanan darah , laju nadi, laju nafas dan efek samping yang terjadi pada kedua kelompok selama penelitian.
Kesimpulan : Penambahan fentanil 100 µg pada anestesia epidural ropivakain 0,75% mempercepat mula kerja blok sensorik dan blok motorik.
Background : We wanted to know the effect offentanyl 100 pg added to ropivacain 0, 75% to the onset of motor and sensory block in epidural anesthesia.
Method : The study was done to 28 patients, ASR I II in a randomized double blind study. We randomly allocated them into two groups, the first group received fentanyl 100 pg and the second group received NaCl 0,9% added to ropivacaine 0,75% 13 ml. We observed the onset of sensory block to reach TI0, T8, T6, T5, and T4 by using pinprick test. The onset of motor block was observed using the bromage scale. We also took note of the hemodynamic changes and adverse effects that happened intro operative.
Result : The fentanyl group reach sensory block as high as T10, T8, and T6 faster than the control group. Only 85,7% patients in the control group can reach sensory block as high as T5. In both groups less than 25% patients can reach sensory block as high as T4. Motoric block was faster in the fentanyl group than the control group. We didn't notice any difference in homodynamic profile nor adverse effects found in the two groups.
Conclusion : The addition offentanyl 100 pg to ropivacaine 0,75% will speed up the onset of sensory and motor block in epidural anesthesia."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2006
T18004
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Risal Heru Nurcahyo
Perbandingan mula kerja analgesi epidural: antara teknik ?loss of resistance? dengan menggunalan NaCl 0.9% dan lidokain 1%
"Latar belakang : Penelitian ini membandingkan mula kerja analgesia epidural pada teknik "Loss of Resistance" antara NaCl0,9 % dengan lidokain 1 %.
Metode : Dilakukan uji secara acak tersamar ganda.Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Bedah Pusat dan Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSL PN-Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan Agustus -November 2005.Hipotesis yang dibuat adalah penggunaan Lidokain 1 % pada epidural analgesia dengan teknik "LOR" memiliki mula kerja analgesi yang lebih cepat dibandingkan menggunakan NaCl 0,9 %.Sebanyak 92 pasien yang masuk kriteria inklusi dilakukan randomisasi dalam dua kelompok. Satu kelompok diberikan Lidokain 1 % sebanyak 5 ml dan kelompok lain diberikan NaCl 0,9 % sebanyak 5 ml dengan teknik "LOR" pada ruang epidural. Perubahan hambatan sensorik diukur dengan tes pinprick/skala Holmenss 3, perubahan hambatan motorik diukur dengan modifkasi skala bromage 2.
Hasil : Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada data demografi,hemodinamik,status ASA dan jenis operasi pada kedua kelompok.Kelompok Lidokain 1 % mempunyai mula kerja hambatan sensorik lebih cepat (rerata ) : 9,35 rnnt ± 3,9 vs 16,24 mnt t 4,8 , mula kerja hambatan motorik juga lebih cepat (med.) : 15,18 mnt (4,25-55,0) vs 24,20 mnt (8,18-75,00).
Simpulan : Pemakaian lidokain 1 % sebanyak 5 ml pada teknik "LOR" untuk analgesi epidural dapat mempercepat mula kerja sensorik dan motorik dari analgesi epidural.
Background : This study was designed to evaluate and compare the onset of epidural analgesia in "Loss Of Resistance " technique using Saline and Lidocaine I %
Methods : This was a prospective,randomized,doubleblinded study.This study was did in central operating room theatre and emergency unit RSUPN-CM at August - November 2005.We Hypothesized that using Lidocaine 1 % at epidural analgesia with "LOR" technique,has onset analgesia faster than using Saline. Ninety two patient was enrolled according to criteria of inclusion and randomized into 2 groups. One group received epidural analgesia with Lidocaine 1 % 5 mI and the other received Saline 5 ml with "LOR" technique in epidural space,before injection bupivacaine 0,5 % 15 ml via catheter epidural.Changing of sensory block was assessed by pinprick testlHolmenns scale 3, and motoric block was assessed by bromage score 2.
Result : There were no significant differences in demographic data,hemodynamic status,ASA status and type of procedure between groups.Lidocaine 1 % had faster onset (mean ) : 9,35 mnt ± 3,9 vs I 6,24 mnt ± 4,8. The onset of motoric block was faster too (med) : 15,18 mnt (4,25 - 55,0) vs 24,20 mnt (8,18 - 75,00)
Conclusion: Using Lidocaine 1 % 5 ml in epidural analgesia with "LOR" technique could accelerate the time onset on sensoric and motoric blockade of epidural analgesia."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2005
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nuraini Hakim
Pengaruh stimulasi bermain balok kayu oleh pengasuh terhadap perkembangan ekstremitas atas anak dengan cerebral palsy usia 2-12 tahun = The effectiveness of play stimulation with the box and block test by caregiver toward the development of upper extremities in children with cerebral palsy 2-12 years old
"ABSTRAK
Anak cerebral palsy (CP) memiliki berbagai gangguan pada sistem tubuh terutama keterbatasan pergerakan ekstremitas atas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh stimulasi bermain balok kayu terhadap perkembangan ekstremitas atas anak dengan CP usia 2-12 tahun. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi experimental tipe nonequivalent group dengan pretest dan posttest pada kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 30 anak.
Hasil penelitian menjelaskan adanya pengaruh stimulasi bermain balok kayu oleh pengasuh terhadap perkembangan ekstremitas atas (pvalue 0,012). Faktor predisposisi yang berhubungan dengan perkembangan ekstremitas atas adalah frekuensi stimulasi bermain dan level Manual Ability of Classification System (MACS). Perawat perlu mengembangkan program stimulasi bermain pada anak dengan CP.
ABSTRACT
Cerebral palsy children have wide range of disorder and developmental disabilities especially in movement of upper extremities. This research explained the effect of play stimulation with the box and block test toward the development of upper extremities in children with cerebral palsy. This research used quasi experimental design with intervention and control group. The chosen samples were 30 respondents.
The research showed that there is an effect of play stimulation using the box and block test toward the development of upper extremities in children with cerebral palsy (pvalue 0,012). In advance, nurse are expected to improve a play stimulation program to children with cerebral palsy."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T42593
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Yulianto M.
Pengaruh permainan origami terhadap perkembangan motorik halus dan kognitif anak prasekolah
"Usia prasekolah adalah periode perkembangan anak yang membutuhkan stimulasi untuk perkembangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh permainan origami terhadap perkembangan motorik halus dan kognitif anak prasekolah. Menggunakan metode quasi eksperimental post test only with group design. Sampel diperoleh dengan consecutive sampling sebanyak 45 orang kelompok intervensi dan 39 orang kelompok nonintervensi. Program bermain origami 20 menit setiap hari selama sebulan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada kemampuan motorik halus dan kemampuan kognitif anak setelah diberikan intervensi. Perbedaan yang signifikan pada kemampuan atensi/konsentrasi (pvalue=0.009). Permainan origami dapat meningkatkan perhatian dan konsentrasi anak.
......Preschool age is an important periode of children to require stimulation and support's. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of paper folding (origami) on fine motor and cognitive development of preschool age in child care Inang Matutu Makassar. Quasi eksperimental methods post test only goup design was used and througth consecutive sampling, 45 children were obtain in intervention group, and 39 children in control group; Program was administered for 20 minutes daily for a month.
The results showed that no significant differences on fine motor skills and cognitive abilities after a given intervention. There was significant differences on attention skills (0.05>pvalue 0.009). Recommendation was origami can be used to increase attention in preschool age."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2011
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hubungan pola makanan pendamping asi dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gerak motorik kasar bayi 6-12 bulan di kecamatan bermani ulu kabupaten rejang lebong Propinsi Bengkulu
"The main problem facing Indonesian people today is nutrition deficiency which brings effect to low quality of human resources. ...."
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library