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"ABSTRACTPluralism and multiculturalism is not only a fact of life, but also has become our national identity that grows and develops long before this nation merge into one unied whole, namely the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Despite the recent Indonesian nation incessantly beset by problems, either in the form of communal conflict, social injustice, equitable development, as well as repressive actions carried out by some groups or circles in the name of religion as legitimacy, but nonetheless this nation stands firmly with the symbol and identity diversity. Currently and in the next 50 years, suppose the Indonesian people in both urban and rural areas do need the right choice amid national life increasingly disturbed due 'to popping conflicts that occur in many areas of the nation. Various theories and ideas have been studied and analyzed critically in order to uphold nation unity and religious tolerance in civilized cultural diversity. A civilized society need a frame of reference for understanding why social issues as well as the threat of national disintegration as a result of the eruption of the conflict in the form of ethnicity, religion, identity, and culture remains the case for nearly 72 years."

"Pluralism and multiculturalism is not only a fact of life but also has become our national identity that grows and develops long before this nation merge into one unified whole, namely the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Despite the recent Indonesian nation incessantly beset by problems, either in the form of communal conflict, social injustice, equitable development, as well as repressive actions carried out by some groups or circles in the name of religion as legitimacy but nonetheless this nation stands firmly with the symbol and identity diversity. Currently and in the next 50 years, suppose the Indonesian people in both urban and rural areas do need the right choice amid national life increasingly disturbed due to popping conflicts that occur in many areas of the nation. Various theories and ideas have been studied and analyzed critically in order to uphold nation unity and religious tolerance in civilized cultural diversity. A civilized society need a frame of reference for understanding why social issues as well as the threat of national disintegration as a result of the eruption of the conflict in the form of ethnicity, religion, identity, and culture remains the case for nearly 72 years of Indonesian independence. Followed by what the best solution is expected."

"ABSTRAKPluralism and multiculturalism is not only a fact of life but also has become our national identity that grows and develops long before this nation merge into one unified whole, namely the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Despite the recent Indonesian nation incessantly beset by problems, either in the form of communal conflict, social injustice, equitable development, as well as repressive actions carried out by some groups or circles in the name of religion as legitimacy but nonetheless this nation stands firmly with the symbol and identity diversity. Currently and in the next 50 years, suppose the Indonesian people in both urban and rural areas do need the right choice amid national life increasingly disturbed due to popping conflicts that occur in many areas of the nation. Various theories and ideas have been studied and analyzed critically in order to uphold nation unity and religious tolerance in civilized cultural diversity. A civilized society need a frame of reference for understanding why social issues as well as the threat of national disintegration as a result of the eruption of the conflict in the form of ethnicity, religion, identity, and culture remains the case for nearly 72 years of Indonesian independence. Followed by what the best solution is expected."

"ABSTRAKThe rise of gender as a category of analysis in the humanities since early 1980's strikes a system of domination in which men as a group has a hegemony power over women. It reacts to the men's oppression over women in a patriarchal system. Refers to an idea that reveals 'Gender is not a biological fact but a cultural formation', this study treats the characters' behaviour on The Root of All Evil and Parallel Forces as a socio-cultural formation. This research applies the focalization method to find out the cultural background that influences gender problems which hide inside those two novels. Focalization method is a way of tracing an ideological viewpoint of narrative's focalizer. Focalizer, (he or she) as an agent of orientations, mediates events, places, and persons. The focalizer of The Root of All Evil, a migrant from Indonesia that has been in Melbourne for about nine years, sees the highly dependence of middle class women in Jakarta from her internalized - Australian "egalitarism" and "fair go" concepts. She confronts those ideas to refined, submissive, and domestic oriented of an early 1980's women situation in Jakarta. She compares her new situation Jakarta with Australian perception of women's roles. She can not understand the position of women, and political system of Indonesia. She tries to do her idea in her home town. She fails and she is up set. The second novel, Parallel Forces has two focalizers. A cultural hibridity that makes a very individual behaviour in a cosmopolitan environment becomes the central focus of this text. More various characters and cultural transactions happen in this novel. The twins , Amyrra and Amyrta were born in Singapore have a permissive - French mother, Claudine and a traditional Javanesse (Priyayi) father, Hardoyo. The twins' parents come from two different culture (s). They also grew up in Melbourne. Amyrra lives in a very ambigious situation. She both believes in Catholic and Reincarnation of Ken Dedes. She is sure that she is caught by "Myth of the old Javanesse Queen Ken Dedes? Reincarnation". But She is a believer anyway. Claudine as a model for Amyrra and Amyrta. She is very successful in surviving in two worlds. As a good mother, Claudine in the long run makes Western's progress and Eastern's tolerance harmonized as the best way of life. She stresses it to her twins daughters. Both novels still exposure the patriarchal system that makes man dominate all social relations. Social practice of patriarchal system are found in all sectors. Only in a limited space women can participate. Women still need more struggles to live in justice atmosphere. "