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Abstrak :
Bone substitute biomaterials are fundamental to the biomedical sector, and have recently benefitted from extensive research and technological advances aimed at minimizing failure rates and reducing the need for further surgery. This book reviews these developments, with a particular focus on the desirable properties for bone substitute materials and their potential to encourage bone repair and regeneration. Part I covers the principles of bone substitute biomaterials for medical applications. One chapter reviews the quantification of bone mechanics at the whole-bone, micro-scale, and non-scale levels, while others discuss biomineralization, osteoductivization, materials to fill bone defects, and bioresorbable materials. Part II focuses on biomaterials as scaffolds and implants, including multi-functional scaffolds, bioceramics, and titanium-based foams. Finally, part III reviews further materials with the potential to encourage bone repair and regeneration, including cartilage grafts, chitosan, inorganic polymer composites, and marine organisms.

Abstrak :
Nanostructured zincoxide (ZnO) was synthesized via a sonochemical method. The effect of the duration of ultrasonic irradiation in a continuous mode on the generated particles was investigated. Additionally, the effect of flowing either air or nitrogen during the sonication process was investigated. Zinc nitrate and ammonia water-based solutions were selected as chemicals without the addition of other surfactants. The generated particles indicated that a wurtzite structure of ZnO in a hexagonal phase was formed with a crystalline size that increased as the ultrasound irradiation time increased. The morphology of the generated ZnO particles could be changed from flowerlike to needlelike structures via continuous ultrasound irradiation over one to two hours, resulting in increases in the particle lengths and decreases in the particle diameters from 200 to 80 nm. Photoluminescence intensity was also increased with increases in the ultrasonic irradiation times. Photoluminescence spectra were also influenced by the atmospheric environment. Two bands centered at 390 and 500 nm were generated under a nitrogen environment. On the other hand, a single wide band with a peak at around 430 nm was found for particles generated under an air environment. It can be applied for light emitting diodes (LED) or laser fabrication with a controlled emitting band.

Abstrak :
Nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) was synthesized via a sonochemical method. The effect of the duration of ultrasonic irradiation in a continuous mode on the generated particles was investigated. Additionally, the effect of flowing either air or nitrogen during the sonication process was investigated. Zinc nitrate and ammonia water-based solutions were selected as chemicals without the addition of other surfactants. The generated particles indicated that a wurtzite structure of ZnO in a hexagonal phase was formed with a crystalline size that increased as the ultrasound irradiation time increased. The morphology of the generated ZnO particles could be changed from flowerlike to needlelike structures via continuous ultrasound irradiation over one to two hours, resulting in increases in the particle lengths and decreases in the particle diameters from 200 to 80 nm. Photoluminescence intensity was also increased with increases in the ultrasonic irradiation times. Photoluminescence spectra were also influenced by the atmospheric environment. Two bands centered at 390 and 500 nm were generated under a nitrogen environment. On the other hand, a single wide band with a peak at around 430 nm was found for particles generated under an air environment. It can be applied for light emitting diodes (LED) or laser fabrication with a controlled emitting band.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai karakteristik dari lapisan ganda TiO2/ZnO yang disintesis dengan metode spin coating dan hidrotermal di atas substrat kaca FTO pada aplikasi sel surya perovskite. Nanostruktur ZnO disintesis melalui proses hidrotermal di atas kaca konduktif fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) pada temperatur 90°C selama 3 jam dengan ketebalan lapisan 3 layer. Sementara itu nanostruktur TiO2 disintesis dengan menggunakan metode spin coating dengan variasi konsentrasi TiO2 0.3 M, 0.6 M, dan 0.9 M yang kemudian di annealing diatas hot plate dengan temperatur 450oC selama 1 jam. Fasa yang terbentuk dari proses sintesis TiO2 adalah fasa anatase sementara fasa yang terbentuk dari proses sintesis ZnO adalah zincite. Pengaruh dari variasi konsentrasi TiO2 yang digunakan, dikarakterisasi menggunakan difraksi sinar-X (XRD), sementara morfologi dari nano rosette yang dihasilkan diamati dengan field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Pada konsentrasi TiO2 0.3 M didapatkan nilai efisiensi sebesar 0.02%, untuk konsentrasi 0.6 M sebesar 0.003%, dan konsentrasi 0.9 M sebesar 0.004%. Nilai efisiensi tertinggi didapatkan pada variasi konsentrasi 0.3 M, hal ini dikarenakan pengaruh ukuran kristalit yang dihasilkan. Semakin kecil ukuran kristalit dari nanostruktur yang dihasilkan, maka nilai efisiensi dari sel surya perovskite akan menghasilkan nilai efisiensi yang semakin tinggi.

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This study discusses the characteristics of the TiO2 / ZnO double layer synthesized by the spin coating and hydrothermal method on FTO glass substrates for perovskite solar cell applications. ZnO nanostructures were synthesized through hydrothermal process on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass at a temperature of 90°C for 3 hours with 3 layers thickness. Meanwhile, TiO2 nanostructures are synthesized using the spin coating method with variations in the concentration of 0.3 M, 0.6 M, and 0.9 M TiO2 which is then annealed on a hot plate with a temperature of 450oC for 1 hour. The phase formed from the synthesis process of TiO2 is the anatase phase while the phase formed from the synthesis process of ZnO is zincite. The effect of variations in the concentration of TiO2 was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the morphology of the nanostructure produced was observed with a field emission scanning electron microscope field (FE-SEM). At the concentration of 0.3 M TiO2 the efficiency value is 0.02%, for concentrations of 0.6 M is 0.003%, and a concentration of 0.9 M at 0.004%. The highest efficiency value was obtained at a variation of the concentration of 0.3 M, this is due to the influence of the size of the crystallite produced. The smaller the size of the crystallite from the nanostructure produced, the efficiency value of perovskite solar cells will result in higher efficiency values.

Abstrak :
This book explores current research on nanomaterials in imaging and biological research, nanomaterials as a biosensing tool, DNA nanotechnology, nanomaterials for drug delivery, medicinal and therapeutic application and cytotoxicity of nanomaterials.

Abstrak :
This book highlights the theoretical foundations of and experimental techniques in photothermal heating and applications involving nanoscale heat generation using gold nanostructures embedded in various media. The experimental techniques presented involve a combination of nanothermometers doped with rare-earth atoms, plasmonic heaters and near-field microscopy. The theoretical foundations are based on the Maxwells and heat diffusion equations. In particular, the working principle and application of AlGaN:Er3+ film, Er2O3 nanoparticles and β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals for nanothermometry based on Er3+ emission are discussed. The relationship between superheated liquid and bubble formation for optically excited nanostructures and the effects of the surrounding medium and solution properties on light absorption and scattering are presented. The application of Er2O3 and β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals to study the temperature of optically heated gold nanoparticles is also presented. In closing, the book presents a new thermal imaging technique combining near-field microscopy and Er3+ photoluminescence spectroscopy to monitor the photothermal heating and steady-state sub-diffraction local temperature of optically excited gold nanostructures.

Abstrak :
This book highlights the theoretical foundations of and experimental techniques in photothermal heating and applications involving nanoscale heat generation using gold nanostructures embedded in various media. The experimental techniques presented involve a combination of nanothermometers doped with rare-earth atoms, plasmonic heaters and near-field microscopy. The theoretical foundations are based on the Maxwell’s and heat diffusion equations. In particular, the working principle and application of AlGaN:Er3+ film, Er2O3 nanoparticles and β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals for nanothermometry based on Er3+ emission are discussed. The relationship between superheated liquid and bubble formation for optically excited nanostructures and the effects of the surrounding medium and solution properties on light absorption and scattering are presented. The application of Er2O3 and β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals to study the temperature of optically heated gold nanoparticles is also presented. In closing, the book presents a new thermal imaging technique combining near-field microscopy and Er3+ photoluminescence spectroscopy to monitor the photothermal heating and steady-state sub-diffraction local temperature of optically excited gold nanostructures.

Abstrak :
Tujuan dari dilakukanya percobaan ini untuk menganalisis sifat morfologi, optik, dan struktur kimia dari struktur nano untuk mendapatkan hasil yang paling baik pada aplikasi optoelektronika. Telah dilakukan sintesis struktur nano dari bulk heterojunction poly{2,2'-(2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6 tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole1,4-diyl)dithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-5,5'-diyl-alt-thiophen-2,5-diyl} (PDPPBTT):[6,6]-Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) pada template aluminium (AAO) dengan menggunakan metode sentrifugasi dengan variasi konsentrasi (5 dan 10 mg mL-1) dan kecepatan putar sentrifugasi (3000, 3500, and 4000 rpm). Sifat morfologi menunjukkan bentuk yang tidak jelas antara nanorod dan nanotube. Sifat optik yang diinginkan terdapat pada struktur nano dengan variasi 3000 rpm pada 10 mg mL-1 yang menghasilkan intensitas tertinggi pada absorpsi UV-Vis dan intensitas terendah pada emisi PL. Penambahan PC71BM menghasilkan rantai konjugasi yang lebih panjang yang berpengaruh pada sifat optiknya. Puncak Raman menunjukkan struktur molekul yang terdapat pada PDPPBTT dan PC71BM dengan susunan rantai polimer yang lebih baik.

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The aim of this study to analyze the morphological, optical and chemical structure properties of the nanostructure to obtain the optimum condition for optoelectronic device application. Nanostructures of bulk heterojunction poly{2,2'-(2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6 tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-diyl)dithieno[3,2-b]thiophene5,5'-diyl-alt-thiophen-2,5-diyl} (PDPPBTT):[6,6]-Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) by fabricating in aluminum template (AAO) using centrifuge method is done with varying the concentrations (5 and 10 mg mL-1 ) and centrifugal rotational speeds (3000, 3500, and 4000 rpm). The morphological properties showed no clearly nanorods or nanotubes formed. Desired optical properties of nanostructures formed at 3000 rpm for 10 mg mL-1 which exhibited highest intensity of absorption peak and do significantly decreasing intensity at emission of PL spectra. Adding PC71BM experience longer conjugation chain hence affected its optical properties in better performances for optoelectronic devices. For Raman peaks, showed molecular structures of PDPPBTT and PC71BM in better arrangement of polymer chain.

Abstrak :
This volume provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in magnetic particle imaging (MPI), a novel imaging modality. Using various static and oscillating magnetic fields, and tracer materials made from iron oxide nanoparticles, MPI can perform background-free measurements of the particles’ local concentration. The method exploits the nonlinear remagnetization behavior of the particles and has the potential to surpass current methods for the detection of iron oxide in terms of sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Starting from an introduction to the technology, the topics addressed include setting up an imaging device, assessment of image quality, development of new MPI tracer materials, and the first preclinical results.