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"Inhoud :- Nederlands recht tot onzijdigheid- Naschrift - De neutraliteitsproclamatie 1939 - De handelsoorlog en de rechten der neutralen"

"Pelanggaran netralitas Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) pada Pemilu tahun 2019 tercatat sebanyak 990 kasus dengan mayoritas kasus tidak memisahkan pribadi dan jabatan PNS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pelanggaran netralitas ASN berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan bahan kepustakaan berupa data sekunder dengan studi dokumen. Tipologi dari penelitian ini berdasarkan sifatnya adalah deskriptif analisis. Metode analisis terhadap data menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif. Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilu dan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 53 Tahun 2010 tentang Disiplin PNS mengatur netralitas lebih luas hingga tidak memisahkan pribadi dan jabatan PNS dibandingkan dengan Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara. Pengaturan tersebut dibuktikan dengan kasus PNS Kota Malang dan PNS Kabupaten Cianjur. Pengaturan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan dan penegakan oleh institusi terkait netralitas PNS terlihat mencampuradukkan pribadi PNS dengan jabatannya sebagai birokrat. Pengaturan netralitas terkait Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) terdapat pada Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 2014, Undang-Undang No. 30 Tahun 2014, dan Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2017. Penerapan sanksi pelanggaran netralitas ASN diterapkan berdasarkan kasus PNS Kota Malang dan PNS Kabupaten Cianjur. Instansi penegak netralitas, seperti BKN, Bawaslu, dan KASN memiliki perannya masing-masing.

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Violation of the neutrality of Civil Servants (PNS) in the 2019 Election was recorded as many as 990 cases with the majority of cases not separating the personal and civil servant positions. This study aims to describe and analyze violations of ASN neutrality based on statutory regulations. The research method used in this study is a normative legal research method with literature material in the form of secondary data with document studies. The typology of this research by its nature is descriptive analysis. The method of analysis of data uses qualitative analysis methods. Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning Elections and Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010 concerning the Discipline of Civil Servants regulates broader neutrality so that they do not separate civil servants and positions compared to Law No. 5 of 2014 concerning State Civil Apparatus. This arrangement is proven by the case of Malang City Civil Servants and Cianjur Regency Civil Servants. Arrangements based on laws and regulations by institutions related to the neutrality of civil servants seem to confuse civil servants with their positions as bureaucrats. The neutrality arrangement related to Civil Servants (PNS) is contained in Law No. 5 of 2014, Law No. 30 of 2014, and Law No. 7 of 2017. The application of ASN neutrality violation sanctions is applied based on the case of Malang City Civil Servants and Cianjur Regency Civil Servants. The neutrality enforcement agencies, such as BKN, Bawaslu, and KASN have their respective roles."

"Bureaucracy,inside which the civil servants are,is one of important political structure in democratizion process.Tendency which has happened,during the period of New Order Government was that bureaucracy became political power machine in order to justify all government policies...."

"Madiation as one of conflict resolution tool needs neutrality as its prerequisite. Neutrality is needed to guarantee that the third party does not have any vested or national interest. Vested or national interest of the third party will affect the mediation and the negotiation will not reach the best result for each parties. In this case neutrality cannot be fulfilled by United Nation in Morocco-Western Sahara negosiation and this is become stalemate in resolving conflict between Moroco and Western Sahara. This paper will examine why UN cannot play as neutral mediator in this negotiation."

"Bureaucracy can be perceived as personification of government be cause who undertakes the daylly tasks of government in order to realize national objectves is bureaucracy plays the key role to bring into reality the concept of good governance in the implementation of government tasks...."

"Bureaucracy in the living of modern state is an implementer institution to reach the goal of the state and governance. Bureaucracy practiced in the world of governance emerges a concept of governance bureaucracy that has become a determinant factor in conducting governance whereas the success of governance is determined by its governance bureaucracy. As success determinant in achieving the goal of the state, it is expected to be able to perform optimum role in governance implementation. Therefore, we need bureaucracy that is able to perform professionally and neutral. In carrying out the governance, neutrality professionalism bureaucracy can realize effective and afficient bureaucracy in order to achieve state goal especial to enhance public welfare. Therefore, effort to energizing bureaucracy is pretty needed to carry out governance."

"Riset ini membahas mengenai analisis penerapan regulasi dan kebijakan di Indonesia dari sudut pandang regulasi nasional dan GATS khususnya pada layanan Over The Top (OTT) Netflix, sebagai layanan teknologi informasi yang dijalankan oleh pelaku jasa telekomunikasi dengan konten berupa data, informasi atau multimedia yang berjalan melalui jaringan internet, layanan yang disampaikan yaitu melalui jaringan, infrastruktur internet milik operator, namun tanpa ada kerjasama dengan operator maupun pemerintah di Indonesia. Peraturan yang berkaitan dengan layanan OTT seperti Netflix masih terpencar dalam berbagai regulasi yang ada di Indonesia yang kemudian oleh Netflix berbenturan dengan konsep Net Neutrality yang menurutnya merupakan standar yang sesuai pada ketentuan GATS pada sektor jasa telekomunikasi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metodologi yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada ranah abu-abu hukum pada regulasi di Indonesia dan GATS mengenai Net Neutrality yang menimbulkan perdebatan pada layanan jasa OTT seperti Netflix. Kesimpulannya sudah seharusnya pihak pemerintah segera menerbitkan peraturan khusus terkait layanan OTT seperti Netflix untuk menjamin kepastian hukum, dan keadilan bagi para pihak dalam menjalankan usaha khususnya di bidang Telekomunikasi sesuai komitmen Indonesia di dunia Internasional sertakomitmen negara untuk melindungi hak segenap warga negara Indonesia.......This research discusses the analysis of the implementation of regulations and policies in Indonesia from the point of view of national regulations and GATS, especially on Netflix's Over The Top (OTT) service, as an information technology service run by telecommunication service actors with content in the form of data, information or multimedia that runs through the Internet. Internet network, the service delivered is through the network, internet infrastructure owned by the operator, but without any cooperation with the operator or the government in Indonesia. Regulations related to OTT services such as Netflix are still scattered in various regulations in Indonesia, which Netflix then clashed with the concept of Net Neutrality which according to is a standard that is in accordance with GATS provisions in the telecommunications services sector. The research was conducted using a normative juridical methodology with a qualitative approach. The results show that there is a legal gray area in regulations in Indonesia and GATS regarding Net Neutrality which creates debate on OTT services such as Netflix. In conclusion, the government should immediately issue regulations related to OTT services such as Netflix to ensure legal certainty and justice for the parties in running their business, especially in the telecommunications sector, according to Indonesia's commitment in the international community and the state's commitment to protect the rights of all Indonesian citizens."