Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Politik luar negeri AS terhadap Afrika pada umumnya dan Nigeria khususnya, cenderung mendapat perhatian yang masa pemerintahan Carter. Politik luar negeri AS pada lebih besar era tersebut condong dititikberatkan pada pelaksanaan hak-hak azas i manusia dan terutama perwujudan pemerintahan mayoritas kulit hitam di Afrika Bagian Selatan. Guna melaksanakan tujuan tersebut Carter mengajak Nigeria yang dikenal memiliki komitmen yang fanatik terhadap dekolonisasi di Afrika Bagian Selatan . Untuk meneliti politik luar negeri AS tersebut, maka penulis menggunakan kerangka teori Rosenau. Menurut teori tersebut, politik luar negeri suatu negara sebagian besar ditentukan oleh aspek internal dan aspek eksternal. Dalam aspek internal, penulis lebih menitikberatkan pada aspek peranan yang tercermin melalui tingkah laku pembuatan kepu tusan. Untuk menguatkan kerangka acuan yang sudah ada, penulis menggunakan teori Snyder. Selain itu, untuk melihat aspek individu (Carter), penulis berpatokan pada kerangka pemikiran James David Barber dan Hargaret Mead. Sedangkan dalam aspek eksternal, penulis bertumpu pada kerangka acuan Holsti guna memperjelas rumusan yang sudah ada. Politik luar negeri AS terhadap Nigeria pada kenyataannya tidak lebih sebagai upaya Carter guna memenuhi tuntutan aspirasi terhadap sebagian warga kulit hitam AS dalam rangka perwujudan pemerintahan mayoritas di Afrika Bagian Selatan dan penghapusan rasialisme di Afrika Selatan. Ketika situasi internasional memburuk, hubungan bilateral kedua negara lebih diwarnai oleh pola hubungan Timur-Barat.

Abstrak :
This paper examines industrialization policy in two oil giant economies, Indonesia and Nigeria. What are the key features of continued economic divergence in these two countries since the 1980s? It shows that Indonesia?s policy-makers adopted a series of liberalization measures and switched to an export-oriented strategy to develop manufacturing industries from the mid-1980s, while Nigeria?s policy-makers was reluctant to do so. This paper also seeks to understand the rationale behind the different policy choices. This paper argues that policy-makers? experience and educational background are possible explanation to the different industrialization policies in these two countries.

Abstrak :
This paper presents the production of hydrogen from various aqueous sources (de-ionized water, fufu effluent, sea water, run-off water, tap water, and urine). Two sets of hydrolysis experiments (with and without the dissolution of NaCl (35 g/l) into the aqueous media) were conducted using 12 V (DC supply) with graphite electrodes. The current utilized and volume of hydrogen produced was measured, while hydrogen flow rate, power, and effectiveness were estimated. The significance of the addition of NaCl to the aqueous media was analyzed using a t-test. It was observed that the dissolution of NaCl into the aqueous media had an appreciable effect on the values of pH, volume and flow rate of hydrogen produced, current utilized, power consumed, and effectiveness compared to the values obtained without NaCl dissolution. This was corroborated by the result of the t-test (tcritcal (2.0452) < tobserved (4.1139) with a p-value of 0.0032 at 95% confidence interval), indicating the significance of the dissolution of NaCl into the media. The results showed that urine, followed by sea water, fufu effluent, run-off water, tap water, and de-ionized water, had the highest volume and flow rate of hydrogen, whereas the value of effectiveness was highest for de-ionized water, followed by tap water, sea water, urine, fufu effluent, and run-off water. Run-off water and fufu effluent were also demonstrated to be potential sources of hydrogen production outside urine and sea water.

Abstrak :
Researches have demonstrated that women in developing countries have not been using contraceptives because of the opposition and reprisals from their husbands...

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK We assess the effects of oil price uncertainty on Nigerias real output from the first quarter of 1980 to the first quarter of 2019. We achieve this objective by decomposing oil price uncertainty into positive and negative uncertainties. We then quantify the responses of output to these uncertainties. Using the conditional variance of real returns in composite refiners acquisition cost of crude oil as our measure of oil price uncertainty, we find that positive uncertainty leads to a decline in output, whereas negative uncertainty leads to a rise in output. The response of output to these uncertainties is asymmetric.