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Abstrak :
Secara umum, formulasi farmasetik dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor formulasi dan proses variabel. Dalam kenyataannya, respon farmasetik atau sifat dari suatu sediaan obat pasti dipengaruhi oleh formulasi farmasetik. Hubungan antara faktor formula dan respon farmasetik secara individu yang biasanya non linear umumnya ditunjukkan dengan permukaan respon. Dengan menyatukan masing-masing respon individu bisa ditetapkan nilai optimum dari proses formulasi. Lebih lanjut penelitian pragelatinisasi pati singkong suksinat sebagai eksipien farmasetik telah dikembangkan. PPSS merupakan modifikasi pati secara fisika dan kimia. Pada penelitian ini, PPSS dan polietilen glikol (PEG) 400 masing-masing digunakan sebagai polimer dan plastisizer dalam bahan formula lapis tipis. Nilai optimum dari PPSS dan PEG 400 dalam formula telah diamati dengan metode permukaan respon. Parameter respon dari formula bahan penyalut lapis tipis adalah kenaikan bobot, waktu hancur tablet salut dan ketebalan lapisan tipis. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa nilai optimum dari PPSS dan PEG 400 masing-masing adalah 5 – 6,7% dan 10 – 11,6% (dari nilai PPSS) dalam formula bahan penyalut.

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In general, a pharmaceutical formulation is affected by several formulations factors and process variables. Additionally, pharmaceutical responses or properties of the dosage forms must be affected by the pharmaceutical formulation. The relationship between the formulation factors and the individual pharmaceutical response, which is usually non linier, can be represented by response surface. By overlaging each the individual response, can obtain the optimum value of the formulation factors. Furthermore, the utilization of pregelatinized cassava starch succinate (PPSS) as pharmaceutical excipients have been addressing. PPSS is a physically and chemically modified starch. In this research, PPSS and polyetilen glikol (PEG) 400 were used as the polymer and plasticizer in the film coating formulation, respectively. The optimum amount of PPSS and PEG 400 in the formulation was obtained by response surface method. The response parameters of the film coating formulation were presentation of weight increase, disintegration time of coating tablet and thickness of film coating layer. The result shows that the optimum amount of PPSS and PEG 400 are 5–6,7% and 10–11,6% (of the PPSS amount) respectively in the film coating formulation.

Abstrak :
Maltodextrin utilization of topioca strarch as a film coating on amoxyllin tablet: Maltodextrin is produced by hydrolized of strach used enzyme or acid, that reduced the amount of sugar 20 maximal .In this research,maltodextrin DE 5 to 10 was made from tapioca starch (Manihot utillissima Pohl) by using Temamyl L-120 Novo enzyme as a-amylase at 85 oC for 65 minute.Maltodextrin De 5 to 10 with particlesize 60 mesh (250 um) was used as fil coating on amoxycillin tablet in order to reduce a bad smell .AS a standard of coating was used pharmacoad 645w. The coating tables were evaluated according to Fi III an IV included visual test. Weight uniformity, size uniformity, hradness, friability,desintegration time, dissolution test and smell test.The result of this research showed that maltodextrin DE 5-10 from tapioca starch fulfill the terms above. The best formula is maltodextrin 10 %, PEG 400 5% and Na Alginat 5% from polymer weight.

Abstrak :
Kalsium karbonat nanopartikel disitesis menggunakan metode presipitasi dengan mereaksikan larutan CaCl2 dan larutan Na2CO3 yang ditambahkan capping agent untuk mencegah aglomerasi. Tahapan sintesis CaCO3 nanopartike, yaitu preparasi larutan CaCl2 dan Na2CO3 (0,15 M), preparasi larutan capping agent, dan tahap sintesis CaCO3 dengan kecepatan pengadukan sebesar 700 rpm. Pada penelitian ini, variasi yang dilakukan adalah variasi laju pencampuran reaktan 1,683 mL/menit; 0,842 mL/menit; 0,561 mL/menit dan jenis capping agent (asam malat dan PEG 400) dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,5-1%. Partikel CaCO3 dikarakterisasi dengan bebrapa instrument, yaitu SEM, XRD, dan FTIR. Dengan atau tidak adanya capping agent gugus fungsi O-H, C-H, C-C, Ca-O, dan -CO3 teridentifikasi dari hasil FTIR. Pada sampel tanpa capping agent, pencampuran CaCl2 dan Na2CO3 dalam larutan air menyebabkan pembentukan kristal vaterit berbentuk spherical dengan ukuran partikel 0,2-7µm. Konsentrasi 0,5% dan 1% capping agent membentuk 2 fasa kristal, yaitu vaterit dan kalsit berbentuk spherical dan kubus dengan ukuran partikel 207 – 926 nm pada asam malat dan 276 nm – 3 µm pada PEG 400. Sehingga partikel yang dihasilkan masih tergolong partikel sub-mikro. CaCO3 yang diperoleh dengan menambahkan capping agent menghasilkan ukuran partikel berukuran lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan tanpa agent. Ditemukan juga bahwaemakin besar laju penambahan reaktan maka ukuran anopartikel yang diasilkan semakin kecil, demikian semakin besar konsentrasi capping agent yang digunakan maka semakin besar pula ukuran nanopartikel yang terbentuk. Saat ini CaCO3 nanopartikel berpotensi untuk diaplikasikan di berbagai bidang seperti sebagai bahan aditif pelumas gemuk, material filler, biomedis, industri makanan, industri pertanian, dan lingkungan. Khususnya digunakan sebagai bahan aditif pembuatan pelumas gemuk, CaCO3 yang dihasilkan dapat menuutup asperities yang berukuran 4,5 µm. ......Calcium carbonate nanoparticles were synthesized using the precipitation method by reacting a CaCl2 solution and a Na2CO3 solution with a capping agent added to prevent agglomeration. The steps of the synthesis of CaCO3 nanoparticles were the preparation of CaCl2 and Na2CO3 solutions (0,15 M), the preparation of a capping agent solution, and the CaCO3 synthesis stage with a stirring speed of 700 rpm. In this research, the variations carried out were variations in the mixing rate of the reactants 1,683 mL/min; 0,842 mL/min; 0,561 mL/min and the type of capping agent (malic acid and PEG 400) with a concentration variation of 0,5-1%. CaCO3 particles were characterized by several instruments, namely SEM, XRD, and FTIR. With or without a capping agent the functional groups O-H, C-H, C-C, Ca-O, and -CO3 were identified from the FTIR results. In samples without a capping agent, mixing CaCl2 and Na2CO3 in aqueous solution causes the formation of spherical vaterite crystals with a particle size of 0,2-7µm. Concentrations of 0.5% and 1% of capping agents formed two crystalline phases, namely spherical and cubic vaterite and calcite with particle sizes of 207 – 926 nm in malic acid and 276 nm – 3 m in PEG 400. So that the resulting particles are still classified as sub-micron particles. CaCO3 obtained by adding a capping agent produces a smaller particle size than without the agent, this is because the capping agent can inhibit the formation reaction time in the agglomeration process. Also found that the greater the rate of addition of reactants, the smaller the size of the nanoparticles produced, thus the greater the concentration of the capping agent used, the greater the size of the nanoparticles formed. Currently, CaCO3 nanoparticles have the potential to be applied in various fields such as lubricants, grease additives, filler materials, biomedicine, the food industry, the agricultural industry, and the environment. Primarily used as an additive for the manufacture of grease lubricants, the CaCO3 produced can cover asperities measuring 4,5 µm.

Abstrak :
Buah pare Momordica charantia Linn merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman obat yang mengandung charantin. Senyawa charantin dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa dalam darah sehingga banya digunakan sebagai obat antidiabetes. Buah pare memiliki rasa yang pahit sehingga dibuat menjadi tablet salut lapis tipis. Tablet inti ekstrak buah pare dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah dengan CMC Na 6 sebagai pengikat. Larutan penyalut dibuat dalam 3 formula dengan variasi konsentrasi PEG 400 sebagai plasticizer 16 , 20 , dan 24 terhadap bobot HPMC. Evaluasi sediaan tablet salut lapis tipis meliputi penampilan fisik, kenaikan bobot, morfologi permukaan, tebal lapisan, waktu hancur, dan uji rasa pahit. Uji rasa pahit dilakukan kepada 30 responden dengan memberikan kuesioner tingkat rasa pahit terhadap sampel. Hasil kuesioner dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi SPSS dengan metode Kruskal Walis. Tablet salut lapis tipis yang telah disalut dengan PEG 400 20 mengalami kenaikan bobot 4,78 . Morfologi permukaan menggunakan SEM menunjukkan permukaan yang halus dengan ketebalan lapisan 34,67 m. Tablet salut lapis tipis dapat hancur dalam waktu 5,34 1,09 menit dan memiliki rata-rata nilai rasa pahit 1,10 yang termasuk dalam kategori tidak pahit. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan PEG 400 20 sebagai plasticizer dapat memperbaiki penampilan dan menutupi rasa pahit dari ekstrak buah Pare. ......Momordica charantia Linn fruit is one of medicinal plant that contained charantin. Charantin is useful to lower the blood glucose level so that it is used widely as anti diabetic medicine. M.charantia Linn fruit had the lacks of bitter taste so that it made into film coated tablets. The core tablets of M.charantia Linn were prepared by wet granulation method using CMC Na 6 as binder, then coated by HPMC 5 . Film coating formulation were made in 3 formulas using additional amount of PEG400 as plasticizer at 16 , 20 , and 24 concentration of HPMC weight. The obtained film coated tablet were evaluated including organoleptic, percentage weight increase, film coated tablets surface, coating thickness, disintegrating time, and bitter taste evaluation. Bitter taste evaluatin was performed on 30 respondents by giving the bitter taste level questionnaire of the three formulas film coated tablets, core, and extract powders. The questionnaire results were analyzed using SPSS application with Kruskal Walis method. Film coated tablets that coated using 20 PEG400 as plasticizer had percentage weight increase 4,78 . The surface morphology using scanning electron microscope was smooth and showing 34,67 m coating thickness. Film coated tablets also disintegrated within 5,34 1,09 minutes and had bitter taste level about 1,10 .The results revealed that PEG400 20 as plasticizer is able to masking appearance and bitter taste of M.charantia Linn.