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"Penduduk dunia pada tahun 2016 mencapai angka 7,6 miliar jiwa dan menjadi 7,7 miliar jiwa pada tahun 2020. Pada tahun 2030 diprediksi penduduk dunia mencapai 9 miliar jiwa. Masyarakat lebih banyak menempati perkotaan dimana pada tahun 2035 diprediksi 66,6% penduduk Indonesia tinggal di perkotaan. Pada tahun 2019 tercatat bahwa 60,93% dari penduduk perkotaan merupakan pekerja informal dengan kategori non-fixed income. Fenomena ini mendorong kebutuhan terhadap perumahan khusus pagi pekerja tersebut di perkotaan meningkat. Akan tetapi, anggaran pemerintah dalam penyediaan perumahan sangat terbatas. Pembiayaan perumahan melalui skema alternatif perlu dilakukan, salah satunya adalah menggunakan Private Finance Initiative (PFI). Untuk mempercepat penerapan PFI pada sektor perumahan di Indonesia, kelembagaan yang efektif perlu dikembangkan untuk mengintegrasikan birokrasi pelaksanaan investasi PFI yang rumit. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini memiliki tujuan utama dalam mengembangkan model kelembagaan proyek PFI serta mencari hubungan untuk mengetahui penyebab peningkatan investasi skema alternatif terhadap penurunan angka backlog perumahan di perkotaan. Metode Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA), Relative Importance Index (RII) dan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) telah digunakan untuk menentukan model kelembagaan paling efektif dengan kaidah birokrasi terintegrasi melalui unit sentral PFI. Penyediaan perumahan, khususnya rumah susun, di perkotaan memiliki penekanan utama pada penyediaan penjaminan bagi MBR non-fixed income. Untuk dapat memiliki penjaminan yang baik, maka tahap paling krusial dalam sebuah proyek PFI adalah tahap perencanaan dan penyiapan. Kecepatan bukan menjadi target utama, melainkan kualitas. Model kelembagaan dengan efektivitas paling tinggi dalam menyederhanakan birokrasi terkait pelaksanaan PFI menggunakan unit sentral PFI sebagai integrator bisins proses proyek PFI. Unit sentral ini menggabungkan tiga unit kerja dari tiga instansi yang berbeda yang berasal dari Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional, Kementerian Keuangan, dan PT Penjaminan Infrastruktur Indonesia. Melalui kelembagaan tersebut, 2 teori telah dihasilkan yaitu: 1) kesuksesan dan komitmen penyediaan rumah susun bagi MBR non-fixed income di perkotaan oleh pemerintah menjadi faktor kunci kepercayaan investor dalam peningkatan investasi perumahan; 2) kelembagaan unit sentral PFI dapat secara efektif mengurangi angka backlog perumahan di perkotaan

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World's population reached 7,6 billion people in 2016 and gradually increased to 7,7 billion people in 2020. Further, the world would have 11 billion people by 2050. Therefore, Indonesia's household number is proliferating. Most people will live in cities by 2035 (66.6% of Indonesia's population). More than 60% of the urban population are informal workers, also called non-fixed income. The phenomenon results in the increment of house demand from the workers. However, Indonesia has a limited budget to provide the needed houses. Creative financing, such as the Private Finance Initiative (PFI), may become a solution for the limited budget availability. An institutional model needs to be developed to apply the PFI scheme effectively. An effective institutional model is needed to simplify the complex bureaucracy. Thus, this research aims to develop an institutional model of the PFI scheme and seek a relationship between investment increment and housing backlog number reduction. The Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA), Relative Importance Index (RII), and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were performed to determine the most influential institutional model by inserting a proposed PFI central unit to Indonesia's government system. The most critical stage of housing provision for the non-fixed income workers is the guarantee of their status. It is to improve their bankability status to banks. Planning and preparation in the PFI scheme are crucial to assure the housing provision to the workers. Duration to develop the planning and preparation documents is the second priority after the quality. The most effective institutional model combines three working units in three different institutions in a PFI central unit, i.e., Ministry of National Development Planning, Ministry of Finance, and Indonesia Infrastructure Guarantee Fund. Investation increasing has direct effect in positive term which proved through two final findings. The first finding indicates that the success story of housing provision for non-fixed income workers in cities becomes the most critical factor in increasing investors' trust in investing their money into the PFI project. Further, the second finding shows that an effective institutional through PFI central unit could effectively alleviate housing backlog in cities."

"Berdasarkan data dari WHO masih terdapatnya peningkatan angka disabilitas yang disebabkan karena cedera pada sistem saraf tepi. Setelah terjadinya cedera saraf tepi, maka akan terjadi serangkaian proses seluler maupun molekuler sebagai respon terhadap adanya cedera. Salah satu respon molekuler yang penting yaitu aktivasi jalur persinyalan balik, menyebabkan terinduksinya sintesis berbagai protein, salah satunya adalah HSP 70, berperan sebagai neuro proteksi dan mencegah terjadinya apoptosis neuron lebih lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menilai pengaruh pemberian PRP terhadap proses regenerasi saraf tepi dengan melihat hubungan ekspresi HSP 70 terhadap fungsi berjalan (TFI & PFI). Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel bahan biologis tersimpan yaitu Medulla Spinalis tikus berjumlah 36, terbagi menjadi dua kelompok besar berdasarkan hari terminasi nya yaitu H-7 dan H-42. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapatnya hubungan (p>0,05) antara ekspresi HSP 70 terhadap fungsi berjalan melalui pemeriksaan TFI dan PFI pada kelompok skiatika yang diberi PRP maupun yang tidak diberi PRP, berarti bahwa tidak adanya hubungan secara langsung antara ekspresi HSP 70 dengan perbaikan fungsi motorik.

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According to WHO data, the number of disabilities brought on by damage to the peripheral nervous system is continually rising. Following a peripheral nerve damage, a number of cellular and molecular reactions will take place. One significant biological reaction is the activation of the reverse signaling pathway, which triggers the creation of several proteins, including HSP 70, which serves as neuroprotection and stops more neuronal apoptosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of PRP administration on the process of peripheral nerve regeneration by examined the correlation between HSP 70 expression with the motoric function (TFI & PFI). This research used samples of stored biological material, namely 36 rat spinal cords, divided into two large groups based on termination day, namely H-7 and H-42. The results of this study showed that there was no correlation (p>0.05) between HSP 70 expression and walking function through TFI and PFI examinations in the sciatica group who were given PRP and those who were not given PRP, indicating that there is no direct correlation between HSP 70 expression with motor function improvement."

"ABSTRAKThe Concept of Private Finance Initiative (PFI) or Public Private Partnership(PPP) has been internationally implemented over the last two decades. In Malaysia, even though the involvement of the private sector in assisting with the provision of public services and facilities is not new, only recently under the Ninth Malaysia Plan the government officially announced the implementation of projects using P FI scheme in order to promote greater involvement of the private sector in delivering public services (Ninth Malaysia Plan, 2006). Consequently, a series of PFI projects is now being implemented including some already under construction. However, little is known on the real nature of the Malaysian PFI One of the aspectsconsidered critical in the implementation of a P FI project is the need for a public sector comparator (PSC) to demonstrate that the project can achieve value for money through comparing the public sector comparator (PSC) with the bid or bids submitted by the private sect01: The study being reported herein focuses on the concept of PFI as practiced in Malaysia and the construction of a PSC. Given that under the Malaysian PFI, the PSC is yet to be established there is an urgent need for one to be constructed. In addition, critical issues concerning the transfer of risks and the determination o.f discount rate are also discussed. The study combines literature review on P Fl and interviews with civil servants involved in the implementation of P FI in Malaysia."