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"Pemerintah menerbitkan peraturan ketentuan khusus mengenai fasilitas pajak penghasilan atas Dana Investasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas dan responsivitas kebijakan fasilitas pajak penghasilan atas DIRE dan mengidentifikasi penerapan kebijakan fasilitas pajak penghasilan di Singapura. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis data kualitatif. Data kualitatif yang didapatkan berasal dari wawancara dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kebijakan fasilitas Pajak Penghasilan atas Dana Investasi Real Estate dapat dikatakan belum efektif untuk meningkatkan investasi DIRE. Selain faktor pemberian fasilitas pajak, terdapat faktor lain yang menyebabkan investasi DIRE di Indonesia masih minim, yatiu tren kenaikan suku bunga deposito, cost yang dikeluarkan, dan bagi perusahaan real estate kebijakan fasilitas Pajak Penghasilan dapat dikatakan sudah efektif sebagai pembiayaan properti selain pinjaman, karena adanya dana bersih dari pengalihan real estate. Sedangkan Kebijakan fasilitas Pajak Penghasilan atas Dana Investasi DIRE dari sisi responsivitas benar – benar dibutuhkan oleh pihak – pihak yang terlibat pada investasi DIRE. Akan tetapi upaya pemerintah untuk mensosialisasikan fasilitas perpajakan masih minim. Sosialisasi hanya dilakukan di tingkat pusat, belum menyebar ke tingkat Kantor Pelayanan Pajak. Selain itu, Penerapan kebijakan fasilitas pajak penghasilan di Singapura yaitu dengan membebaskan seluruh pengenaan Pengenaan Pajak Penghasilan. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk membentuk pasar DIRE terlebih dahulu dan baru mengenakan pajak jika pasar telah terbentuk.

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The government issues special provisions regarding income tax incentives on Real Estate Investment Trust. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and responsiveness of the income tax facility policy on REITs and identify the implementation of the income tax facility policy in Singapore. The method used in this study is a qualitative method using qualitative data analysis. Qualitative data obtained from interviews and literature studies. The results of this study indicate that the Income Tax incentive on Real Estate Investment Trust can be said to have not been effective in increasing REIT investment. In addition to the factor of providing tax incentives, there are other factors that cause REIT investment in Indonesia to be minimal, namely the trend of increasing deposit rates, costs incurred, and for real estate companies the Income Tax incentive policy can be said to have been effective as property financing other than loans, because of the existence of net Trust from real estate transfers. Meanwhile, the Income Tax incentive Policy on REIT Investment Trust in terms of responsiveness is really needed by the parties involved in REIT investment. However, the government's efforts to socialize tax incentive are still minimal. Socialization is only carried out at the central level, has not yet spread to the level of the Tax Service Office. In addition, the application of the income tax facility policy in Singapore is to exempt all the imposition of Income Tax. This is intended to establish a DIRE market first and only tax once the market has formed."

"Definisi penghasilan yang dapat dipakai sebagai objek pajak baIk yang dapat memenuhi asas keadilan maupun yang secara adminsitratif dapat dilaksanakan pemungutannya adalah tambahan kemampuan ekonomis, baik secara stelsel kas maupun stelsel akrual, baik yang berasal dari Indonesia maupun dari luar negeri, dengan nama dan dalam bentuk apapun, yang dapat dipergunakan untuk konsumsi maupun untuk menambah kekayaan. Tambahan kemampuan ekonomis ini mengandung arti penghasilan neto. Tariff pajak yang mencenninkan Azas Keadilan Vertikal adalah tarif pajak yang progresif, di mana tingkat progresivitas tarif pajak tersebut ditentukan berdasarkan kesepakatan antara Pemerintah dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat. Pelaksanaan dari Undang - Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 1983 tentang Pajak Penghasilan Sebagaimana Telah Diubah Dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1991 dan yang telah diubah terakhir dengan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 1994 sangat mengutamakan target penerimaan pajak berdasarkan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara dan temyata mengabaikan faktor keadilan. Secara yuridis yang dipakai untuk mengatur perlakuan pajak dan tarif-tarif pajak yang berbeda dengan ketentuan Undang - Undang Pajak Penghasilan sendiri adalah Pasal 4 ayat 2 dari Undang-Undang Pajak Penghasilan 1984 yang diubah terakhir dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1994. Produk-produk hukum yang berdasarkan Pasal 4 ayat 2 tersebut seperti Peraturan-Peraturan Pemerintah bahkan Keputusan-keputusan Menteri Keuangan Ialu menjadi berbeda dengan ketentuan yang dimuat dalam Undang-Undang sendiri. Oleh karena itu, ketentuan seperti Pasal 4 ayat 2 Undang-Undang Pajak Penghasilan dan peraturan-peraturan pelaksanaan yang bertentangan dengan a$as-asas yang dianut oleh Undang-Undang Pajak Penghasilan disarankan untuk dibatalkan dan diganti dengan ketentuan yang sepenuhnya sejaian dengan azas,vzas yang dianut oleh Undang-Undang, khususnya azas keadilan."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh perubahan kebijakan pajak penghasilan individu dan perusahaan terhadap kebijakan dividen perusahaan. Perubahan kebijakan ini menggunakan dummy variabel untuk menjelaskan pada periode penelitian tersebut terdapat perubahan kebijakan pajak penghasilan invididu atau pajak penghasilan perusahaan. Sample penelitian ini menggunakan perusahaan yang listed di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2007, 2009, dan 2011. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perubahan kebijakan pajak individu memiliki hubungan yang negatif dan signifikan terhadap kebijakan dividen di Indonesia. Sementara struktur perubahan kebijakan pajak perusahaan memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap kebijakan dividen di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine empirical evidence about the relationship between the changes in invidual income tax policy and corporate income tax policy with the corporate dividend policy in Indonesia. The dummy variabel is used to explain the period of the changes in invidual income tax policy and corporate income tax policy. The samples of this study are public listed firm which had listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange on 2007, 2009, and 2011. The results of this study show that the changes in individual income tax policy has a negative correlation dan significant to the corporate dividend policy in Indonesia. Furthermore, the results of the changes in corporate income tax policy has a negative correlation dan significant to the corporate dividend policy in Indonesia."

"[This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment inflows in developing and developed countries by panel data analysis. This study utilizes data of 27 developed countries and 43 developing countries for the period of 1998 to 2011. The dependent variable is FDI inflows per capita. The main explanatory variable is the statutory corporate income tax rate. In addition, this study employs GDP per capita as the proxy of market size, degree of openness, real minimum wage as the proxy of labor cost, population, and energy production as the proxy of natural resources. Based on the random effect model, the result shows that tax as main explanatory variable, has negative sign as expected. However, it is not significant even at the level of ten percent. Furthermore, the population, real minimum wage, and energy production variables are negatively affect the FDI inflows as well. On the other hand, GDP per capita and openness degree are positively affects FDI inflows.;This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment inflows in developing and developed countries by panel data analysis. This study utilizes data of 27 developed countries and 43 developing countries for the period of 1998 to 2011. The dependent variable is FDI inflows per capita. The main explanatory variable is the statutory corporate income tax rate. In addition, this study employs GDP per capita as the proxy of market size, degree of openness, real minimum wage as the proxy of labor cost, population, and energy production as the proxy of natural resources. Based on the random effect model, the result shows that tax as main explanatory variable, has negative sign as expected. However, it is not significant even at the level of ten percent. Furthermore, the population, real minimum wage, and energy production variables are negatively affect the FDI inflows as well. On the other hand, GDP per capita and openness degree are positively affects FDI inflows;This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment inflows in developing and developed countries by panel data analysis. This study utilizes data of 27 developed countries and 43 developing countries for the period of 1998 to 2011. The dependent variable is FDI inflows per capita. The main explanatory variable is the statutory corporate income tax rate. In addition, this study employs GDP per capita as the proxy of market size, degree of openness, real minimum wage as the proxy of labor cost, population, and energy production as the proxy of natural resources. Based on the random effect model, the result shows that tax as main explanatory variable, has negative sign as expected. However, it is not significant even at the level of ten percent. Furthermore, the population, real minimum wage, and energy production variables are negatively affect the FDI inflows as well. On the other hand, GDP per capita and openness degree are positively affects FDI inflows;This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment inflows in developing and developed countries by panel data analysis. This study utilizes data of 27 developed countries and 43 developing countries for the period of 1998 to 2011. The dependent variable is FDI inflows per capita. The main explanatory variable is the statutory corporate income tax rate. In addition, this study employs GDP per capita as the proxy of market size, degree of openness, real minimum wage as the proxy of labor cost, population, and energy production as the proxy of natural resources. Based on the random effect model, the result shows that tax as main explanatory variable, has negative sign as expected. However, it is not significant even at the level of ten percent. Furthermore, the population, real minimum wage, and energy production variables are negatively affect the FDI inflows as well. On the other hand, GDP per capita and openness degree are positively affects FDI inflows.

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Tesis ini meneliti tentang faktor-faktor yang menentukan arus masuk penanaman modal asing langsung di negara-negara maju dan negara-negara berkembang dengan menggunakan analisa data panel. Penelitian ini menggunakan data 27 negara maju dan 43 negara berkembang selama periode 1998 sampai dengan 2011. Variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah arus masuk penanaman modal asing per kapita. Sebagai variabel penjelas utama adalah tarif pajak penghasilan perusahaan. Sedangkan sebagai variabel penjelas tambahan adalah produk domestik bruto per kapita, tingkat keterbukaan perdagangan, upah minimal riil, populasi dan produksi energy. Berdasarkan pengukuran menggunakan random effect model diperoleh hasil bahwa pajak berpengaruh negative terhadap arus investasi asing namun tidak signifikan. Selain itu, jumlah populasi, upah minimum serta produksi energy juga berpengaruh negatif. Sebaliknya, PDB per kapita dan tingkat keterbukaan perdagangan berpengaruh positif terhadap arus masuk penanaman modal asing., This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment inflows

in developing and developed countries by panel data analysis. This study utilizes

data of 27 developed countries and 43 developing countries for the period of 1998

to 2011. The dependent variable is FDI inflows per capita. The main explanatory

variable is the statutory corporate income tax rate. In addition, this study employs

GDP per capita as the proxy of market size, degree of openness, real minimum

wage as the proxy of labor cost, population, and energy production as the proxy of

natural resources.

Based on the random effect model, the result shows that tax as main

explanatory variable, has negative sign as expected. However, it is not significant

even at the level of ten percent. Furthermore, the population, real minimum wage,

and energy production variables are negatively affect the FDI inflows as well. On

the other hand, GDP per capita and openness degree are positively affects FDI

inflows]"