"Fast food modern adalah makanan cepat saji yang berasal dari luar negeri, umumnya berasal dari negara barat, atau jenis fast food dalam negeri yang memiliki karakteristik menyerupai fast food luar negeri, contohnya fried chicken, french fries, pizza, dan lain-lain. Umumnya fast food modern memiliki kandungan gizi yang tidak seimbang, yaitu tinggi kalori, lemak, protein, dan garam. Frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern yang berlebihan akan berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan remaja, di antaranya overweight dan obesitas yang kemudian akan berisiko menimbulkan berbagai penyakit degeneratif di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern pada remaja di SMA Negeri 38 Jakarta tahun 2024. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini, yaitu frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern. Sementara variabel independennya adalah jenis kelamin, pengetahuan gizi dan fast food, preferensi fast food, sikap terhadap fast food, pendidikan terakhir ayah, pendidikan terakhir ibu, pekerjaan ayah, pekerjaan ibu, pengaruh peer group, penggunaan layanan Online Food Delivery (OFD), uang saku, serta pengaruh media sosial. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Mei tahun 2024 kepada 160 siswa-siswi kelas X dan XI SMA Negeri 38 Jakarta yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengisian angket secara daring (online). Data yang telah diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar, yaitu sebanyak 80% remaja mengonsumsi fast food modern dengan frekuensi sering (≥ 3 kali/minggu). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara preferensi fast food (p-value = 0,036; OR = 2,534; 95% CI = 1,128 - 5,691), pendidikan terakhir ayah (p-value = 0,000; OR = 10,290; 95% CI = 2,983 – 35,495), pendidikan terakhir ibu (p-value = 0,007; OR = 3,824; 95% CI = 1,474 – 9,918), pengaruh peer group (p-value = 0,018; OR = 2,778; 95% CI = 1,248 – 6,183), uang saku (p-value = 0,040; OR = 2,459; 95% CI = 1,115 – 5,426), dan pengaruh media sosial (p-value = 0,048; OR = 2,434; 95% CI = 1,086 – 5,455) dengan frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern pada remaja. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar para remaja membatasi frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern (< 3 kali/minggu) dan beralih ke pola hidup yang lebih sehat dengan mengonsumsi makanan yang bergizi seimbang, yaitu mengandung karbohidrat, protein, lemak, serta sayur dan buah yang cukup. Selain itu, para remaja juga disarankan untuk membatasi konsumsi gula, garam, dan lemak.
Modern fast food is a type of fast food that originates from foreign countries, typically from Western countries, or a type of domestic fast food that has characteristics resembling foreign fast food, such as fried chicken, french fries, pizza, and others. Generally, modern fast food has an unbalanced nutritional content, being high in calories, fat, protein, and salt. Excessive consumption of modern fast food can negatively impact adolescent health, leading to issues like overweight and obesity, which in turn increase the risk of various degenerative diseases in the future. This study aims to identify factors associated with the frequency of modern fast food consumption among adolescents at SMA Negeri 38 Jakarta in 2024. The dependent variable in this study is the frequency of modern fast food consumption. The independent variables are gender, nutrition and fast food knowledge, fast food preference, attitude towards fast food, father's latest education, mother's latest education, father's occupation, mother's occupation, peer group influence, use of Online Food Delivery (OFD) services, pocket money, and social media influence. This research method is quantitative with a cross-sectional study design. Data collection was conducted in May 2024 on 160 students from grades X and XI at SMA Negeri 38 Jakarta who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected through online questionnaires. The collected data was then analyzed univariately and bivariately using the chi-square test. The results of this study indicate that the majority, 80% of adolescents, consume modern fast food frequently (≥ 3 times/week). The study also reveals significant relationships between fast food preference (p-value = 0,036; OR = 2,534; 95% CI = 1,128 - 5,691), father's latest education (p-value = 0,000; OR = 10,290; 95% CI = 2,983 – 35,495), mother's latest education (p-value = 0,007; OR = 3,824; 95% CI = 1,474 – 9,918), peer group influence (p-value = 0,018; OR = 2,778; 95% CI = 1,248 – 6,183), pocket money (p-value = 0,040; OR = 2,459; 95% CI = 1,115 – 5,426), and social media influence (p-value = 0,048; OR = 2,434; 95% CI = 1,086 – 5,455) with the frequency of modern fast food consumption among adolescents. Therefore, it is recommended that adolescents limit their frequency of modern fast food consumption (< 3 times/week) and switch to a healthier lifestyle by consuming nutritionally balanced foods, which contains adequate amounts of carbohydrates, protein, fat, as well as vegetables and fruits. Additionally, adolescents are also advised to limit their intake of sugar, salt, and fat."
Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, 2024
