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Abstrak :
Teori oplossing diterapkan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara Indonesia dimana keputusan terkait perdata dianggap melebur dalam tindakan perdata sehingga bukan merupakan kewenangan absolut peradilan tata usaha negara melainkan peradilan umum. Melalui Undang-Undang Administrasi Pemerintahan, didapati adanya perluasan makna keputusan yang dapat diuji di Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara sehingga perlu peninjauan terhadap pelaksanaan teori oplossing dalam menangani sengketa di Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Dalam penelitian dihasilkan simpulan bahwa terjadinya ketidakpastian hukum dalam penanganan sengketa di Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara di Indonesia dikarenakan terdapat sebagian putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara yang menerapkan teori oplossing dan sebagian putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara yang tidak menerapkan teori oplossing. Sebagai perbandingan, Peradilan Administrasi di Prancis tidak menerapkan teori oplossing melainkan teori acte detachable du contrat yang diartikan bahwa keputusan yang menghasilkan kontrak pemerintahan dapat digugat secara terpisah dari kontraknya sehingga perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan dalam proses penerbitan keputusan dapat ditangani oleh peradilan Administrasi. Dengan mengesampingkan teori oplossing, akan jelas kompetensi absolut peradilan tata usaha negara dan dapat menyerupai praktik penanganan perkara kontrak pemerintahan di Peradilan Administrasi Prancis. ......The oplossing theory is applied by the Indonesian State Administrative Court where decisions related to civil matters are considered to be merged into civil actions so that they are not the absolute authority of the state administrative court but the general court. Through the Government Administration Law, it is found that there is an expansion of the meaning of decisions that can be tested in the State Administrative Court, so it is necessary to review the implementation of the oplossing theory in handling disputes in the State Administrative Court in Indonesia. The research method applied is a normative juridical research method. The research concludes that the occurrence of legal uncertainty in handling disputes at the State Administrative Court in Indonesia is due to some decisions of the state administrative courts that apply oplossing theory and some decisions of state administrative courts that do not apply oplossing theory. In comparison, the Administrative Court in France does not apply the oplossing theory but the acte detachable du contrat theory which means that decisions that result in government contracts can be sued separately from the contract so that unlawful acts committed in the process of issuing decisions can be handled by the Administrative Court. By setting aside the oplossing theory, the absolute competence of the state administrative court will be clear and can resemble the practice of handling government contract cases in the French Administrative Court.

Abstrak :
Korupsi tidak hanya disebabkan oleh satu faktor tetapi merupakan hasil dari interaksi banyak faktor. Praktik korupsi menimbulkan kerugian dan memperlambat proses pemulihan ekonomi di Indonesia. Pengadaan publik adalah salah satu aktivitas pemerintah yang rentan terhadap korupsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang model sistem dinamis yang memberikan gambaran interaksi faktor dan umpan balik yang mempengaruhi praktik korupsi di pengadaan publik serta menambahkan faktor pencegahan ke dalam model sistem dinamis baru dalam rangka pencegahan korupsi. Pengumpulan data awal dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode information retrieval & extraction berbasis web (web scrapping) serta named entity recognition (NER) yang menghasilkan basis data kasus korupsi di Indonesia sebagai dasar untuk menetukan sektor pemerintahan dengan tingkat kerentanan tinggi terhadap praktik korupsi. Model kebijakan terdiri dari skenario 1,2 dan 3 yaitu integrasi dokumen antara aplikasi SPSE dengan kemeterian/ lembaga/ direktorat, pengawasan melalui S.M.A.R.T (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) dan mendesain hukum organisasi pengadaan proyek konstruksi yang berstruktur lebih horizontal. Dari 3 skenario kebijakan tersebut, skenario 1 integrasi dokumen antara aplikasi SPSE dengan kemeterian/ lembaga/ direktorat model terpilih menjadi solusi pengurangan korupsi di pengadaan barang/jasa proyek konstruksi. Solusi ini menghasilkan perhitungan jumlah kasus korupsi per tahun terkecil dan pemberantasan korupsi per tahun terbanyak dalam peniliain tingkat korupsi pengadaan barang/jasa proyek konstruksi di Indonesia. ......Corruption is not only caused by one factor but is the result of the interaction of many factors. Corruption practices cause losses and slow down the process of economic recovery in Indonesia. Public procurement is one of the government activities that is vulnerable to corruption. This study aims to design a dynamic system model that provides an overview of the interaction of factors and feedback that affect corrupt practices in public procurement as well as adding prevention factors to the new dynamic system model in order to prevent corruption. Preliminary data collection is done using web-based information retrieval & extraction (web scrapping) and named entity recognition (NER) methods which produce a database of corruption cases in Indonesia as a basis for determining government sectors with high levels of vulnerability to corrupt practices. The policy model consists of scenarios 1,2 and 3, which are integration documents between the SPSE application and the ministries / institutions / directorates, supervision through S.M.A.R.T (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) and designing procurement projects that have a more horizontal structure. Of the 3 policy scenarios, scenario 1 documents integration between the SPSE application and the selected model / agency / directorate model is the solution in implementing corruption in the procurement of construction project goods / services. This solution results in the calculation of the number of corruption per year and the most eradication corruption per year in assessing the level of corruption in the procurement of goods / services for construction projects in Indonesia.Corruption is not only caused by one factor but is the result of the interaction of many factors. Corruption practices cause losses and slow down the process of economic recovery in Indonesia. Public procurement is one of the government activities that is vulnerable to corruption. This study aims to design a dynamic system model that provides an overview of the interaction of factors and feedback that affect corrupt practices in public procurement as well as adding prevention factors to the new dynamic system model in order to prevent corruption. Preliminary data collection is done using web-based information retrieval & extraction (web scrapping) and named entity recognition (NER) methods which produce a database of corruption cases in Indonesia as a basis for determining government sectors with high levels of vulnerability to corrupt practices. The policy model consists of scenarios 1,2 and 3, which are integration documents between the SPSE application and the ministries / institutions / directorates, supervision through S.M.A.R.T (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) and designing procurement projects that have a more horizontal structure. Of the 3 policy scenarios, scenario 1 documents integration between the SPSE application and the selected model / agency / directorate model is the solution in implementing corruption in the procurement of construction project goods / services. This solution results in the calculation of the number of corruption per year and the most eradication corruption per year in assessing the level of corruption in the procurement of goods / services for construction projects in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Pencegahan korupsi sangat diperlukan untuk menurunkan angka tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang perbaikan sistem informasi E- Tendering pada Sistem Pengadaan Secara Elektronik (SPSE) yang transparan, efisien, dan akuntabel dalam rangka pencegahan korupsi di Indonesia serta membantu Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK). Metode Manajemen Sistem Informasi dan Rekayasa Proses Bisnis digunakan pada penelitian ini. Desain sistem informasi yang diusulkan dibuat dengan metode structured system development yang memiliki 4 tahap yaitu, pembuatan entity-relationship diagram (ERD), relational database, use case diagram dan data flow diagram (DFD). Penelitian ini memberikan tiga pilihan skenario yang dimodelkan dan disimulasikan menggunakan perangkat lunak iGrafx. Skenario yang paling realistis untuk diimplementasikan saat ini adalah skenario 1 yaitu integrasi database untuk dokumen administrasi pelaku usaha dengan instansi pemerintahan terkait dengan menggunakan pendekatan BPR best practice dan juga sistem informasi. Manfaat yang didapatkan dari skenario 1 adalah penurunan average cycle time sebesar 34,20%, kemudahan melakukan evaluasi penawaran, dan menghilangkan proses tatap muka untuk mencegah terjadinya persekongkolan. Skenario yang ideal untuk diimplementasikan dalam proyek jangka panjang adalah skenario 3. Manfaat yang didapatkan dari skenario 3 adalah penurunan average cycle time sebesar 18,34%, proses evaluasi penawaran yang lebih cepat, menghilangkan proses pembuktian kualifikasi, memperketat pengawasan dengan S.M.A.R.T serta koordinasi antar APIP/KPK dengan LKPP, dan meningkatkan transparansi data dan informasi.

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ABSTRACT
The number of corruptions in Indonesia can be reduced by corruption prevention initiative. The purpose of this research is to improve E-Tendering Electronic Procurement System (SPSE) to be more transparent, accountable, and efficient in order to prevent corruption in Indonesia and to support the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). Management Information Systems and Business Process Reengineering method are used in this study. Information system design proposed in this research made with structured system development method consists of 4 stages; the creation of entity-relationship diagrams (ERD), relational database, use case diagram and data flow diagram (DFD). This research provides three choices of scenarios that are modeled and simulated by iGrafx software. The most realistic scenario to be implemented right now is the first scenario with database integration for administrative documents related to government agencies using BPR best practice and information systems. The benefit from the first scenario are reducing average cycle time by 34.20%, faster bid evaluation process, and eliminates face-to-face processes to prevent collusion. Scenario 3 is the ideal scenario to be implemented in a long-term project. The benefit from the third scenario are reducing average cycle time by 18.34%, a faster bid evaluation process, eliminates face-to-face processes to prevent collusion, strengthen E-Tendering supervision with S.M.A.R.T and coordination between APIP / KPK and LKPP, and increase data and information transparency.