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Abstrak :
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of 4NQO oral induction in oesophagus of male rat. Sixteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups and one untreated group as control. The experimental groups were applied with 0.5% 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide on the dorsal mucosa of tongue thrice weekly for 8, 16 or 24 weeks, one brush stroke per application. At the end of the 36th week, all rats were sacrificed and the tongue and oesophagus were excised and fixed in 10% buffed formalin for 24 hours. The H&E sections were prepared for histological examination. The microscopial assessment showed that all rat tongues whether applied with 4NQO for 8, 16 or 24 weeks were identified having Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Microscopial examination of oesophagus indicated that 75% or the rats applied with 4NQO for 16 weeks showed hyperkeratosis, and 80% and 20% of the rats applied with 4NQO for 24 weeks showed malignancy changes and hyperkeratosis, respectively. No histological changes were detected either in the tongue or the oesophagus of the control rats. It was concluded that the effect of carcinogenic induction in oral mucosa caused malignant changes in oesophagus.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Murraya koenigii (MKE) atau daun kari memiliki efek antihiperglikemik. Akan tetapi, bukti mekanisme molekuler dari efek antidiabetes tumbuhan ini masih belum cukup. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental in vivo untuk mengetahui ekspresi relatif mRNA PCK1 pada hati tikus Sprague-Dawley. Kelompok hati tikus dibagi menjadi enam kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal, kelompok normal + MKE 400 mg/kgBB/hari (NMK), kelompok diabetes, kelompok diabetes + MKE 200 mg/kgBB/hari (MK 200), kelompok diabetes + MKE 400 mg/kgBB/hari (MK 400), dan kelompok diabetes + glibenklamid 1 mg/kgBB/hari (DM). Hasil: Ekspresi mRNA PCK1 pada kelompok DM meningkat daripada kelompok normal secara signifikan. Selain itu, ekspresi mRNA PCK1 pada kelompok MK 200, MK 400, dan GB mengalami penurunan yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok DM. Ekspresi mRNA PCK1 pada kelompok MK 200 menurun secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok GB. Sayangnya, tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok MK 400 dan GB. Kesimpulan: Ekspresi PCK1 kelompok diabetes lebih tinggi daripada kelompok normal. Di samping itu, pemberian ekstrak MKE sebanyak 200 mg/kgBB/hari dan 400 mg/kgBB/hari pada tikus diabetes menurunkan ekspresi PCK1. Selain itu, efek pemberian ekstrak MKE tidak bergantung pada dosis. Ekstrak MKE dosis 200 mg/kgBB/hari terbukti lebih efekif menurunkan ekspresi PCK 1 dibandingkan dengan glibenklamid. ......Background: Murraya koenigii (MKE) or curry leave has antihyperglycemic effects, but molecular mechanisms of its antidiabetic effect is still insufficient. Method: This research is in vivo experimental study to determine the relative expression of PCK1 mRNA in Sprague-Dawley rat’s liver tissue.We devided the group of rat’s liver in 6 groups, normal group, normal group + MKE 400 mg/kgBW/day (NMK), diabetic group, diabetic group + MKE 200 mg/kgBW/day (MK 200), diabetic group + MKE 400 mg/kgBW/day (MK 400), and diabetic group + glybenclamide 1 mg/kgBW/day as a positive control (GB). Result: PCK1 mRNA expression in DM group was increased than normal group significantly. Moreover, expression in MK 200, MK 400, and GB groups was decreased than DM group significantly. PCK1 mRNA expression in the MK 200 group was decreased than GB group significantly. Unfortunately, we could not find any significant result in comparison MKE 400 with GB group. Conclusion: PCK1 expression in liver tissue of DM group higher than normal group. Moreover, PCK 1 expression in MK 200 and MK 400 groups are decreased than DM group. Additionally, the effect of MKE extract is not dose dependent. Furthermore, MK 200 appeared to be more effective than glibenclamide in reducing PCK1 expression.