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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
This article focuses on different types of three-layer supply chain models under inflation for non-instantaneous deteriorating item and the retailer has a pre-specified time to settle the account with supplier. The total cost of each those integrated models under inflation is minimized to get the value of total cycle time and the credit period of the three-layer supply chain model.

A numerical example is extracted to solve the proposed three-layer supply chain model using generalized reduced gradient technique. To test the feasibility of the proposed models, sensitivity analyses are explained under different rates of deterioration and inflation and then optimal results are illustrated numerically and graphically.

Abstrak :
This book addresses the specialized topic of input–output models for sustainable industrial systems. While these models are well-established tools for economic analysis, their underlying mathematical structure is also applicable to the analysis and optimization of a wide range of systems that are characterized by linear interdependencies among their components. This means that input–output models can be used for diverse networks, such as processes within industrial plants, industrial plants in a supply chain, or departmental units within an organization. The models can also be readily extended to interactions between man-made systems and the environment, e.g. flows of natural resources and/or pollutants. Furthermore, model variants with excess degrees of freedom can be formulated to allow optimization and decision-making to be integrated within the framework. This book examines how input–output models can be applied to sustainable industrial systems. Each major variant is discussed separately in a dedicated chapter, and representative case studies and supporting LINGO code are also included.