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Abstrak :
Penyakit hati merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sulit di obati.Adanya masalah dalam pengobatan penyakit ini sebagian di sebabkan karena tidak tersedianya obat yang terbukti berkhasiat.

Abstrak :
Penyakit hati merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sulit diobati. Adanya masalah dalam pengobatan penyakit ini sebagian disebabkan karena tidak tersedianya obat yang terbukti herkhasiat. Kurkumin, senyawa aktif dalam ke keluarga tanaman curcuma telah diteliti dalam berbagai peyakit termasuk penyakit hati. Efek terapi kurkramin diduga berdasarkan efek antioksidatifnya. Dalam penelitian ini, kami menyelidiki efek kurkumin lerhadap swelling mitochondria yang diinduksi oleh tert-butilhidroperoksida (t-BuOOH) Mitokondria hali diisolasi secara homogen dari tikus Sprague-Dawley (relative specific activity suksinat dehidrogenase adalah 35.73 ±2.78). Pemberian 90 }M t-BuOOH menyebabkan swelling 2 fase yang khas pada mitokondria. Pola swelling dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti komposisi bufer, kadar t-BuOOH, jumlah bufer isolasi dan protein mitokondria serta temperatur inkubasi. Swelling dapat dihambat sebesar 85 ±3% oleh kurkumin 2.50 jjM. Pada kadar rendah (1.25 //MJ dan tinggi (5.00 fiM), efek proteksi kurkumin terhadap swelling berkurang (bertitrut-turut 41 ±3% and 77+6%). Swelling dapat terjadi akibat terbukanya mitochondrial transition pore dan dapat mempakan petunjuk awal dan proses kematian sel. Efek inhibisi kurkumin terhadap swelling mitokondria yang diindukxi oleh t-BuOOH diduga disebabkan karena efek antioksidannya. (MedJ Indones 2006; 15:131-6)

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Liver diseases have been a medical problem which is difficult to manage. Some of the problems in the treatment of these diseases lie in the lack of reliable drug available. Curcumin, an active ingredient of the rhizomes of plant Curcuma has been investigated in the treatment of various disorders incuding liver diseases. The therapeutic effects of curcumin on liver diseases have been thought to be associated to its antioxidative properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of curcumin on mitochondrial swelling in vitro induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH). Liver mitochondria were homogeneously isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats (the relative specific activity of succinate dehydrogenase was 35.73 ±2.78). Addition of 90 fj.M oft-BuOOHcauseda typical 2-phase swelling of the mitochondria. The pattern of swelling was influenced by various factors such as buffer composition, concentrations of t-BuOOH, amount of isolation buffer and mitochondrial proteins and incubation temperature.The swelling could be reduced by as much as 85 ±3% by 2.50 uM of curcumin. At lower (1.25 ^M) or higher (5.00 fjM) concentrations, the protection against swelling by curcumin were less effective (respectively were 41 ±3% and 77 ±6%). Swelling might occur due to the opening of mitochondrial transition pore and could be an initial indication in the cascade process leading to cell death. The inhibition of t-BuOOH-induced mitochondrial swelling by curcumin might be because of the antioxidant effects of the compound. (Med JIndones 2006; 15:131-6).

Abstrak :
Biodiesel merupakan salah satu solusi bahan bakar alternatif yang tepat digunakan di Indonesia karena Indonesia merupakan salah satu produsen Crude Palm Oil CPO terbesar di dunia. Saat ini, Biodiesel digunakan sebagai campuran dari diesel dari minyak bumi Solar. Masalah utama yang terjadi adalah kecenderungan biodiesel untuk teroksidasi sehingga menurunkan storage life. Masalah tersebut dapat diatasi dengan penambahan aditif antioksidan seperti tert-Butylhydroquinone TBHQ yang harganya murah dan banyak tersedia di pasaran. Performa TBHQ kurang memuaskan karena dispersinya yang buruk saat dicampur pada biodiesel. Oleh karena itu, TBHQ dicampurkan kedalam biodiesel dengan bantuan surfaktan Sorbitan monooleate yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan dispersi sehingga performanya sebagai antioksidan lebih baik. Pencampuran tersebut dilakukan dengan beberapa langkah, yaitu pertama-tama mencampurkan TBHQ dengan surfaktan, kemudian dicampurkan kedalam biodiesel, serta dilakukan uji dispersi. Biodiesel diuji ketahanan oksidasinya sebelum dan setelah dicampurkan TBHQ dan surfaktan dengan bilangan asam dan bilangan iodin. Pengujian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penambahan surfaktan Sorbitan Monooleate mampu meningkatkan dispersi TBHQ pada biodiesel. Peningkatan ketahanan oksidasi pada biodiesel paling baik terjadi setelah penambahan surfaktan Sorbitan Monooleate 300 ppm dan TBHQ 2000 ppm.

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Biodiesel is one of the best alternative fuels solutions to be used in Indonesia because Indonesia is one of the largest producers of Crude Palm Oil CPO in the world. Currently, Biodiesel is used as a mixture of diesel from petroleum Solar. The main problem that occurs is the tendency of biodiesel to oxidize, thus lowering the shelf life. The problem can be solved by the addition of antioxidant additives such as tert Butylhydroquinone TBHQ which is cheap and widely available in the market. TBHQ performance is less satisfactory because of poor dispersion when mixed in biodiesel. Therefore, TBHQ is incorporated into biodiesel with the help of Sorbitan monooleate surfactant which aims to increase dispersion so that its performance as an antioxidant is better. Mixing can be done with several steps, namely first mixing TBHQ with surfactant, then mixed into biodiesel, and conducted by dispersion test. Biodiesel tested its oxidation resistance before and after mixed TBHQ and surfactant with acid number and iodine number. The tests showed that the addition of Sorbitan Monooleate surfactant increased the dispersion of TBHQ antioxidant additive in biodiesel. The best improvement of oxidative stability of biodiesel occur after adding the Sorbitan Monooleate 300 ppm and TBHQ 2000 ppm to the biodiesel.

Abstrak :
Kerusakan oksidatif DNA yang disebabkan oleh propil galat (PG) dan 2,6-di-tert-butil-p-benzoquinon (BHT-Quinon, metabolit BHT), dianalisis dari pembentukan DNA adduct, 8-hidroksi-2'-deoksiguanosin (8-OHdG), terhadap Calf thymus DNA dan basa tunggal DNA, 2'-deoksiguanosin (dG) secara in vitro. PG dengan dimediasi oleh CuCl2 menyebabkan peningkatan 8-OHdG terhasap Calf thymus DNA sebesar 9,17 kali lebih besar dibandingkan terhadap kontrol (DNA tanpa perlakuan). Dengan adanya CuCl 2 pada konsentrasi 1,28.10 -5 M, rasio pembentukan 8-OHdG dari hasil interaksi antara dG dengan PG pada berbagai variasi konsentrasi (20 ± 150 ppm) berkisar antara 75,50 ± 312,06 8-OHdG terhadap 105 dG. Pembentukan 8-OHdG tersebut, meningkat dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi PG dari 20 ± 80 ppm, kemudian mulai menurun dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi PG. BHT-quinon, dengan adanya CuCl 2 menyebabkan peningkatan 8-OHdG terhadap Calf thymus DNA sebesar 0,05 kali dibandingkan kontrol (DNA tanpa perlakuan). Analisis menggunakan LC-MS/MS dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi 8-OHdG, dengan puncak induk (M +. + 1) 284 dan memiliki dua fragmen utama m/z 167,9 dan m/z 139,9. ...... Oxidative DNA damage caused by propyl gallate (PG) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (BHT-Quinone, a metabolite of butylated hydroxytoluene ± BHT), was evaluated by measuring the formation of DNA adduct, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), in Calf thymus DNA and DNA base, 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG). PG mediated with CuCl 2 increased 8-OHdG formation in Calf thymus DNA 9.17 fold from control (DNA without treatment). In the present of CuCl 2 1.28.10 -5 M, ratio 8-OHdG resulted from interaction of dG with PG at various concentration (20 ± 150 ppm), was ranged from 75.50 ± 312.06 8-OHdG per 105 dG. This formation was increased by PG in a concentration-dependent manner ranged from 20 ppm up to 80 ppm, then decreased upon increasing the PG concentration. Meanwhile, BHT-quinone increased 0.05 fold from control (DNA without treatment) in the presence of CuCl 2 . LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to identify molecular structure of 8-OHdG, which had base peak (M +. + 1) 284 and had two main fragment at m/z 167.9 and m/z 139.9.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Penelitian mengenai manfaat kedelai dalam penyembuhan penyakit diabetes mellitus DM sudah banyak dilakukan, namun belum diketahui pengaruh ekstrak kedelai terhadap peran protein TERT sel - pankreas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kemampuan ekstrak kedelai dalam meningkatkan ekspresi TERT sel - pankreas pada tikus diabetes melitus. Metode Penelitian: Eksperimental dengan Randomized block design. Enam puluh tikus putih jantan galur Sprague-Dawley dikelompokkan secara acak menjadi 6 kelompok: 1 tikus normal, 2 tikus DM diinduksi aloksan , 3 tikus DM glibenklamid, 4 tikus DM ekstrak kedelai 1 mg/kgBB/hari, 5 tikus DM ekstrak kedelai 5 mg/kgBB/hari, 6 tikus DM ekstrak kedelai 25 mg/kgBB/hari. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan SPSS 20. Variabel yang diukur yaitu glukosa darah puasa, ekspresi TERT dan jumlah sel - pankreas. Hasil: glukosa darah puasa pada perlakuan dengan ekstrak kedelai menurun secara bermakna p < 0,05 dibandingkan dengan tikus diabetes mellitus. Ekspresi TERT pada DM 25 mg/kgBB/hari lebih tinggi secara bermakna p < 0,05 dibanding tikus diabetes, jumlah sel ? pankreas pada tikus perlakuan ekstrak kedelai lebih tinggi secara bermakna p < 0,05 dibanding tikus diabetes. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kedelai 1, 5 dan 25 mg/kgBB/hari dapat meningkatkan ekspresi TERT sel b pankreas pada tikus diabetes mellitus yang diinduksi aloksan.

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Background: Studies on the benefit of soybean as a treatment for diabetes mellitus DM have been largely performed however, the effect of soybean extracts on the role of TERT protein in pancreatic cells has not been known. The aimed of this study is to measure the capacity of soybean extracts in increasing the TERT expression of pancreatic cells in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods: It was an experimental study with randomized block design. Sixty white male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly categorized into 6 groups 1 normal rats 2 rats with DM induced by alloxan 3 rats with DM glibenclamide 4 rats with DM 1 mg kgBW day soybean extracts 5 rats with DM 5 mg kgBW day soybean extracts 6 rats with DM 25 mg kgBW day soybean extracts. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software program version 20.0. The measured variables included fasting blood glucose level, TERT expressions and the number of pancreatic cells. Results: The fasting blood glucose level in rats treated with soybean extracts was reduced significantly p 0.05 compared to rats in diabetic control group. There was a significantly higher TERT expression in rats with DM 25 mg kgBW day soybean extracts p 0.05 compared to rats in diabetic control group moreover, the number of pancreatic cells was also significantly higher in rats treated with soybean extracts p 0.05 than the diabetic rats. Conclusion: Soybean extracts of 1, 5 and 25 mg kgBW day can increase the TERT expression of pancreatic cells in rats with diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan.

Abstrak :
Pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi pembentukan DNA adduct 8-Hidroksi-2';-Deoksiguanosin 8-OHdG sebagai biomarker kerusakan DNA dengan mereaksikan basa DNA 2';-deoksiguanosin dengan t-BHQ melalui Fenton Like Reaction Cr III dan H2O2 pada variasi suhu 37°C dan 60°C, pH 7,4 dan pH 8,4, dengan waktu inkubasi 7 jam dan 12 jam. Hasil adduct dianalisis menggunakan instrumen HPLC reversed phase dengan detektor UV pada panjang gelombang 254 nm. Pembentukan DNA Adduct 8-OHdG dari senyawa t-BHQ terdeteksi pada reaksi 2'dG dan t-BHQ pada suhu 60°C waktu inkubasi 12 jam, reaksi antara 2'dG, Cr III terdeteksi pada waktu inkubasi 7 jam, pH 8,4, 37°C, pada suhu 60°C pH 7,4 dan 8,4 serta waktu inkubasi 12 jam pada suhu 37°C dan 60°C. Reaksi antara 2'dG, t-BHQ, H2O2 hanya terdeteksi pada suhu 60°C waktu inkubasi 12 jam, dan reaksi antara 2'dG, Cr III, H2O2, dan 2'dG, t-BHQ, Cr III, serta 2'dG dengan reaksi Fenton terdeteksi baik pada waktu inkubasi 7 dan 12 jam. ...... ChemistryTitle In Vitro Study of DNA Adduct 8 Hydroxy 2' Deoxyguanosine 8 OHdG Formation with Tert Butyl Hydroquinone t BHQ Through Fenton Like Reaction In this research, DNA adduct formation of 8 hydroxy 2 39 Deoksiguanosin 8 OHdG as biomarkers of DNA damage which conducted by reacting the DNA bases 2'-deoxyguanosine base DNA with t BHQ through the Fenton Like Reaction Cr III and H2O2 with variation of temperature 37°C and 60°C, pH pH 7,4 and pH 8,4, and incubation time 7 hours, and 12 hours studied. The adduct results were analyzed using instruments reversed phase HPLC with UV detector at a wavelength of 254 nm. The formation of DNA Adduct 8 OHdG of t BHQ compound is detected in the reaction of 2'dG, t BHQ at the temperature of 60°C with incubation time at 12 hours, reaction of 2'dG, Cr III is detected when incubation time at 7 hours, pH 8,4 and temperature at 37°C, when the temperature at 60°C with pH 7,4 and 8,4 and when incubation time is at 12 hours with the temperature at 37°C and 60°C. Reaction of 2' dG, t BHQ, H2O2 only detected at the temperature of 60 C with incubation time at 12 hours, and the reaction of 2'dG, Cr III, H2O2, and 2'dG, t BHQ, Cr III, also 2'dG with Fenton reaction are detected either when incubation time at 7 and 12 hours.

Abstrak :
Biodiesel adalah senyawa alkil monoester asam lemak yang merupakan turunan dari bahan yang dapat diperbaharui, seperti minyak kelapa sawit. Namun, penggunaan biodiesel masih terkendala dikarenakan terdapat senyawa rantai rangkap pada biodiesel, sehingga biodiesel mudah teroksidasi. Hal ini dapat dihambat dan dicegah dengan penambahan antioksidan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, pencegahan oksidasi biodiesel dapat menggunakan campuran antioksidan fenolik yang dapat memberikan efek sinergis akibat terbentuknya heterodimer untuk meningkatkan stabilitas oksidasi biodiesel. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi heterodimer pada antioksidan biner PY-TBHQ. Keberadaan heterodimer dianalisis menggunakan Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) dan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) dan dispersi heterodimer dalam biodiesel diuji menggunakan perbedaan rasio densitas atas-bawah dan Spektofotometri UV-Vis. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan tiga variasi komposisi PY-TBHQ, yaitu (1:0); (0:1); (1:1) dan variasi konsentrasi antioksidan 1000ppm dan 2000ppm. Untuk identifikasi heterodimer dengan melarutkan 40mg antioksidan pada 40ml etanol. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan terbentuknya heterodimer antioksidan PY-TBHQ dengan adanya puncak baru yang muncul pada bilangan gelombang 1147 cm-1 dan uji LCMS menunjukkan terdapat massa molekul 291 amu pada waktu retensi 9,38 menit. Hasil uji UV-Vis dan rasio densitas didapatkan hasil delta absorbansi dan kenaikan rasio densitas atas-bawah masing-masing 0,023 dan 0,064%, pada konsentrasi 1000 ppm dan 0,041 dan 0,081%, pada konsentrasi 2000 ppm.

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Biodiesel is an fatty acid alkyl monoester compound which is derived from renewable materials, such as palm oil. However, the use of biodiesel is still constrained because there are double bond compounds in biodiesel, so biodiesel is easily oxidized. This can be inhibited and prevented by adding antioxidants. Based on the research that has been done, biodiesel oxidation prevention can use a mixture of phenolic antioxidants which can provide a synergistic effect because of the formation of heterodimer to improve the oxidation stability of biodiesel. In this study heterodimer identification was carried out on binary antioxidants PY-TBHQ. The presence of heterodimers was analyzed using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, heterodimer dispersion in biodiesel was tested using differences density ratio in the top-bottom sample in the test tube and using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. In this study three variations of the PY-TBHQ composition were conducted: (1:0); (0:1); (1:1) and variations in the concentration of antioxidants on biodiesel 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm. Whereas, for heterodimer identification samples obtained by diluted 40mg of antioxidants in 40ml ethanol respectively. The FTIR test results showed the formation of a PY-TBHQ binary antioxidant heterodimer with a new peak appearing at wavelength 1147 cm-1 at a retention time of 9.381 minutes. The UV-Vis and density ratio results obtained from the delta absorbance and increases in the upper-bottom density ratio of 0.023 and 0.064%, at concentrations of 1000 ppm and 0.041 and 0.081%, at concentrations of 2000 ppm.

Abstrak :
Pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi mengenai pembentukan DNA adduct 8-hidroksi-2'-deoksiguanosin (8-OHdG) dengan mereaksikan 2'-deoksiguanosin dan H₂O₂ dengan senyawa akrilamida dan TBHQ yang diberikan paparan sinar UVA. Uji pembentukan 8-OHdG dilakukan pada variasi waktu inkubasi (5 dan 7 jam) dan variasi pH (7,4 dan 8,4). Hasil dari pembentukan 8-OHdG dianalisis menggunakan instrumen HPLC fasa terbalik dengan menggunakan larutan penyangga natrium fosfat pH 6,7 dan metanol sebagai eluen dengan komposisi 85:15. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa dari adanya pencampuran TBHQ dan Akrilamida mengakibatkan pembentukan kadar 8-OHdG dengan menghasilkan efek sinergis dan efek antagonis pada hasil pembentukannya. Efek dari pencampuran senyawa akrilamida dan TBHQ meningkat signifikan ketika diberikan paparan sinar UVA. Sampel yang diinkubasi dengan paparan sinar UVA memiliki kadar 8-OHdG yang lebih banyak dibandingkan sampel tanpa paparan sinar UVA. Semakin lama waktu inkubasi, dihasilkan pula kadar 8-OHdG yang semakin besar. Pada pH 8,4, sebagian besar sampel menghasilkan pembentukan 8-OHdG yang lebih besar bila dibandingkan pada sampel dengan campuran yang sama pada pH 7.4. Sampel dengan hasil pembentukan 8-OHdG tertinggi terdapat pada sampel yang mengandung 2'-deoksiguanosin, akrilamida, TBHQ, dan H₂O₂  pada pH 8,4 dengan penyinaran sinar UVA selama 7 jam.

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In this research, a study was conducted on the formation of DNA adduct 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) by reacting 2'-deoxyguanosine and H₂O₂ with acrylamide and TBHQ compounds that were exposed to UVA light. The 8-OHdG formation test was carried out at various incubation times (5 and 7 hours) and pH variations (7.4 and 8.4). The results of the formation of 8-OHdG were analyzed using a reverse phase HPLC instrument using a buffer solution of sodium phosphate pH 6.7 and methanol as an eluent with a composition of 85:15. The results showed that the mixing of TBHQ and acrylamide resulted in the formation of 8-OHdG levels by producing a synergistic effect and an antagonistic effect on the formation results. The effect of mixing acrylamide and TBHQ compounds increased significantly when exposed to UVA light. Samples incubated with UVA exposure had higher levels of 8-OHdG than samples without UVA exposure. The longer the incubation time, the greater the 8-OHdG content was produced. At pH 8.4, most of the samples resulted in greater 8-OHdG formation when compared to samples with the same mixture at pH 7.4. Samples with the highest 8-OHdG formation results were found in samples containing 2'-deoxyguanosine, acrylamide, TBHQ, H₂O₂ at pH 8.4 with UVA light irradiation for 7 hours.

Abstrak :
Tujuan. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk mengetahui peranan mutasi BRAF V600E dan TERT dalam kejadian metastasis kelenjar getah bening (KGB) leher pada pasien kanker tiroid papiler (KTP) Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang, melibatkan pasien KTP di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, DKI Jakarta. Data-data diperoleh secara retrospektif berdasarkan catatan rekam medis, kecuali untuk mutasi BRAF V600E dan Promoter TERT. Spesimen jaringan tumor pasien kanker tiroid papiler ditransfer ke Laboratorium Terpadu FKUI. DNA diekstrasi menggunakan QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit sebanyak 3-8 potongan dengan ketebalan FFPE 5-10 mikrometer. Multiplikasi gen BRAF dilakukan dengan KOD One Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Master Mix (Toyobo KMM–201), sementara multiplikasi gen TERT dilakukan dengan PCR Master Mix (2X MyTaq HS Red Mix, primer forward, reverse, dan Nuclear-free water). Analisis data dilakukan dengan SPSS versi 20. Hasil. Peneliti menginklusi 42 pasien KTP dengan 19 (45%) mengalami mutasi BRAF, 20 (48%) mengalami mutasi TERT, dan 20 (48%) mengalami metastasis KGB. Mutasi BRAF ditemukan berhubungan dengan kejadian metastasis KGB [p<0,001, OR = 25,333 (IK95% 4,924–130,340)], sementara mutasi TERT ditemukan tidak berhubungan. Pasien yang mengalami mutasi BRAF tanpa TERT memiliki risiko 18,000 (IK95% 2,012–161,051) lebih tinggi untuk mengalami metastasis KGB dibandingkan pasien tanpa kedua mutasi. Lebih lanjut, adanya mutasi TERT yang berbarengan dengan mutasi BRAF membuat risiko meningkat menjadi 60,000 (4,718–763,043) lebih tinggi dibandingkan pasien tanpa kedua mutasi. Kesimpulan. Mutasi BRAF berhubungan dengan metastasis KGB pasien KTP, namun tidak dengan mutasi TERT. Namun, kehadiran mutasi TERT pada pasien KTP dengan mutasi BRAF meningkatkan risiko metastasis KGB. ......Objective. This study was designed to determine the role of BRAF V600E and TERT mutations in the incidence of neck lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods. This was a cross-sectional study, involving KTP patients at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, DKI Jakarta. Data were obtained retrospectively based on medical records, except for BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutation. Tumor tissue specimens of PTC’s patients were transferred to the Laboratorium Terpadu FKUI. DNA was extracted using QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit for 3-8 pieces with FFPE thickness of 5-10 micrometers. BRAF gene multiplication was performed with KOD One Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Master Mix (Toyobo KMM-201), while TERT gene multiplication was performed with PCR Master Mix (2X MyTaq HS Red Mix, primers forward, reverse, and Nuclear-free water). Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 20. Results. We included 42 PTC’s patients with 19 (45%) patients had BRAF mutation, 20 (48%) patients had TERT mutation, and 20 (48%) patients had LN metastasis. BRAF mutation was associated with the LN metastasis [p<0.001, OR = 25.333 (95% CI 4.924-130.340)], while TERT mutation was not. Patients with BRAF+ and TERT- had an 18,000 (IK95% 2,012-161,051) higher risk of LN metastasis than patients with BRAF- and TERT-. Furthermore, the presence of TERT mutation along with BRAF mutation increased the risk to 60,000 (4,718-763,043) higher than patients with BRAF- and TERT-. Conclusion. BRAF mutation was associated with LN metastasis in PTC’s patients, but not TERT mutations. However, the presence of TERT mutation in PTC’s patients with BRAF mutation increased the risk of LN metastasis.

Abstrak :
Kurkumin merupakan senyawa aktif utama dari berbagai Curcuma species. Sudah sejak lama rimpang berbagai Curcuma species seperti Curcuma Longa dan Curcuma xantharrhiza digunakan untuk pengobatan tradisional penyakit hati di Indonesia. Kemampuan kurkumin untuk bekerja sebagai hepatoprotektor telah diteliti secara in vitral dan in vivo. Kurkumin merupakan scavenger radikal bebas oksigen, seperti radikal anion superoksida, radikal hidroksil, dan radikal nitrogen dioksida. Aktifitas antioksidannya ditunjukkan dengan kemampuannya untuk menghambat peroksidasi lipid dalam homogenat otak tikus dan mikrosom hati tikus, serta mencegah deplesi kandungan -SH sel yang ditimbulkan akibat pemberian besi dan butilhidroperoksida tersier. Aktifitas antioksidan kurkumin tersebut dapat memegang peranan penting dalam kemampuannya sebagai hepatoprotektor. Untuk mengerti mekanisme proteksi kurkumin. perlu mengetahui pada tahap manakah proses yang menyebabkan kematian sel dapat dipengaruhi. Walaupun sempat diabaikan cukup lama, saat ini nampaknya mitokondria mempunyai peranan penting dalam kematian sel. baik dalam fisiologi maupun patologi. Akhir-akhir ini perhatian ditujukan pada kemungkinan peranan radikal bebas pada sejumlah penyakit termasuk penyakit hati. Oleh karena itu. penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meneliti efek kurkumin terhadap kerusakan oksidatif mitokondria hati tikus yang terisolasi yang diinduksi oleh butilhidroperoksida tarsier. suatu hidroperoksida organik yang sering digunakan untuk mempelajari stres oksidatif. Efek proteksi kurkurmin di nilai dari hambatannya terhadap swelling mitokondria. kegagalan potensial transmembran mitokondria dan perubahan pola protein mitokondria. Swelling mitokondria diikuti menggunakan spektrofotometer dengan mengukur penurunan absorbans pada 520 nm. Potensial transmembran mitokondria diamati menggunakan spektrofotometer pada dua panjang gelombang yang dinilai dari pergeseran panjang gelombang maksimum dan penurunan absorbans safranin O. yaitu dengan mengukur absorbans pada 516 nm dikurangi absorbans pada 495 nm. Pola protein mitokondria dinilai secara elektroforesis menggunakan SOS-PAGE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa butilhidroperoksida tersier menyebabkan kerusakan mitokondria yang dinilai dengan adanya swelling mitokondria; kegagalan potensial transmembran mitokondria dan perubahan pola protein mitokondria yang diamati berupa pembentukan agregat protein dengan berat molekul tinggi dan berkurangnya jumlah kandungan protein pada pita 116 kD sebagai akibat ikatan silang thiol. Kurkumin 2500 µM hampir sempurna mencegah swelling mitokondria dan menghasilkan 85 % proteksi. sementara itu 79 % proteksi terhadap kegagalan potensial transmembran dicapai dengan penambahan kurkumin 250 uM. Kurkumin 3500 uM menghambat pembentukan agregat protein dengan berat molekul tinggi dan menghambat penurunan jumlah protein dengan berat molekul mendekati 116 kD. sebagai akibat adanya hambatan terhadap pembentukan ikatan silang thiol. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kurkumin memberikan proteksi terhadap kerusakan Kati oksidatif pada tahap organel mitokondria. ...... The Protective Effects of Curcumin on Swelling, Collapse of Transmembrane Potential, and Alterations of Protein Pattern of Rat Liver Mitochondria Induced by Tert-ButylhydroperoxideCurcumin is a major active compound of several Curcuma species. Many years ago the rhizomes of various Curcuma species like Curcuma Longa and Curcuma xanthorrrizha are used for hepatic diseases in Indonesian traditional medicine. The potential of curcumin to act as hepatoprotector agent has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Curcumin appears to be a potent scavenger of oxygen free radicals, such as super oxide anion radicals. hydroxyl radicals and nitrogen dioxide radicals. Its antioxidant activity has been shown by its capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates and rat liver microsomes, and by its ability to prevent the depletion of cellular -SH content by iron and tert-butylhydroperoxide. This antioxidant activity of curcumin may play an important role in its hepatoprotective ability. In order to understand the mechanism by which curcumin exerts its protective activity, it is important to know at which levels the process leading to cell death can be influenced. Although neglected for many years. it appears now that mitochondria have a major role on cell death, in both physiology and pathology. Current interest has focused on the possible role of free radicals in a wide range of diseases including hepatic diseases. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of curcumin on oxidative damage of isolated rat liver mitochondria induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide. an organic hydroperoxide used frequently for studying oxidative stress. The protective effect of curcumin was assessed by studying its ability to inhibit mitochondrial swelling. collapse of mitochondrial Trans membrane potential and alterations of mitochondrial protein pattern. Mitochondrial swelling was followed using spectrophotometer by measuring the decrease of absorbance at 320 rim. Mitochondria] trans membrane potential was observed using a dual-wavelength spectrophotometer by measuring the absorbance of safranin 0 at 316 nm and at 495 nm showing a shift of the maximum wavelength of safranin O and the decrease of its absorbance. Mitochondrial protein pattern was assessed electrophoretically by using SDS-PAGE. The present study showed that tert-butylhydroperoxide caused mitochondrial damage as indicated by mitochondrial swelling, collapse of mitochondrial trans membrane potential. and alterations of protein pattern which were observed as the formation of high molecular mass protein aggregates and the decrease in protein content of 116 kD band due to thiol cross-linking. Curcumin at a concentration of 2500 uM almost completely prevented mitochondrial swelling providing 85 % protection. while 79 % protection against collapse of trans membrane potential was achieved with the addition of 250 uM curcumin. Curcumin at a concentration of 3500 uM inhibited the production of high molecular weight protein aggregates and the decrease of protein with molecular mass close to 116 kD due to inhibition of thiol cross-linking. This indicates that curcumin at concentrations of 250 uM - 3500 uM provided protection against oxidative liver damage at mitochondrial organelle level.