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"Limbah plastik multilayer merupakan masalah global yang dapat merusak lingkungan apabila tidak diatasi secepat mungkin. Penggunaan plastik multilayer sebagai plastik kemasan menyebabkan limbah plastik ini bertambah banyak secara cepat dan sifat plastik multilayer yang sulit didaur ulang menyebabkan sampah plastik multilayer semakin menumpuk dan berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berfokus menggunakan plastik multilayer sebagai modifier dalam campuran polymer modified bitumen (PMB). Penambahan polypropylene (PP) pada PMB menurunkan sifat mekanis dari campuran PMB karena kompatibilitas kedua-nya kurang baik. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan kompatiblitas plastik multilayer dan bitumen, plastik multilayer diberikan perlakuan plasma dan perlakuan termal untuk mengoksidasi polimer agar lebih hidrofilik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan plasma dan perlakuan termal pada plastik multilayer meningkatkan hidrofilisitas, memodifikasi struktur rantai polimer sehingga memiliki gugus karbonil (C=O) dan gugus hidroksil, dan menurunkan titik leleh dari polimer. Kondisi oksidasi optimal adalah plastik multilayer hasil perlakuan plasma 60 detik ditambah perlakuan termal pada suhu 150 °C selama 60 menit. Campuran PMB dengan plastik teroksidasi optimal memiliki komposisi optimal sebesar 1 wt% dengan nilai daktilitas dan penetrasi masing – masing sebesar 87,7 cm dan 57,4 mm.

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Multilayer plastic waste is a global problem that can damage the environment if not addressed as soon as possible. The use of multilayer plastic as packaging plastic causes this plastic waste to multiply rapidly and the nature of multilayer plastic that is difficult to recycle causes multilayer plastic waste to accumulate and be harmful to the environment. Therefore, this research focuses on using multilayer plastic as a modifier in polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) mixtures. The addition of polypropylene (PP) to PMB reduces the mechanical properties of the PMB mixture because the compatibility of the two is not good. Therefore, to improve the compatibility of multilayer plastics and bitumen, multilayer plastics are given plasma treatment and thermal treatment to oxidize the polymer to make it more hydrophilic. The results of this study indicate that plasma treatment and thermal treatment of multilayer plastics increase the hydrophilicity, modify the polymer chain structure so that it has a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group, and lower the melting point of the polymer. The optimal oxidation condition is multilayer plastic because of plasma treatment of 60 seconds plus thermal treatment at 150 °C for 60 minutes. The mixture of PMB with optimally oxidized plastic has an optimal composition of 1 wt% with ductility and penetration values of 87.7 cm and 57.4 mm, respectively."

"ABSTRAK The fractionation of five heavy metals in a washing aggregate sludge, a sewage sludge, a clay-rich sediment, the mixtures of these materials and the lightweight aggregates manufactured with them has been determined by applying the optimezed European Community Bureau of Reference sequential extraction procedure in order to evaluate the effects of the heating process on the extraction of these elements. Additionally, preparation of efaluates by aggregate leaching has been performed in accordance with the UNE-EN-1744-3 standard. The availability of all the studied heavy metals has been reduced by the thermal treatment, since most of the heavy metals have become part of the undigested material in the lightweight aggregates. Nickel has been the heavy metal that has presented the highest concentration in the eluates obtained after completion of the single extraction procedure in the lightweight aggregates. The studied lightweight aggregates may be used in lightweight concerte manufacturing from the standpoint of heavy metal leaching. "